• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.1173-1180
• /
• 2016

Though traditional seasonings are widely used in many dishes, however, no attention has been paid to the investigation of their effects on quality characteristics of food products. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of incorporating several traditional seasonings including doenjang (fermented soybean paste), gochu-jang (red pepper paste), fresh medium-hot, and hot peppers, and fresh garlic on the lipid oxidation, cholesterol content and sensory characteristics of fermented sausages. Six fermented sausage treatments (5 with 1% (w/w) each test seasoning and 1 without added test seasoning (control) were prepared. The addition of seasonings generally had beneficial effects on the improvement of fermented sausage's quality however the effects differed depending on the each type of seasonings added. Significant lower pH values were found in all fermented sausages made with the seasonings while, lower levels of lipid oxidation were found in the treatments with hot peppers and garlic as compared with the control (p<0.05). The treatment with seasonings did not cause color or texture defects in the products whereas the sausages made with gochu-jang had significantly higher Commission International de $l^{\prime}Eclairagea^{\ast}$ (redness) value in comparison with the control. Noticeably, incorporating doenjang, medium-hot peppers, hot peppers and garlic resulted in reduction of 26.50, 32.54, 47.04, and 48.54 mg cholesterol/100 g samples, respectively (p<0.05). Higher scores for the sensory traits such as aroma, taste, color and acceptability were also given for the sausages made with seasonings. The current work demonstrates that the test seasonings represent potentially natural ingredients to be used for producing healthier fermented sausages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.495-498
• /
• 1995

Records taken on 372 young beef bulls tested at the Ellerslie Bull Test Station, Alberta, Canada from November 1981 to April 1987 were analyzed to quantify the effects of age of dam, on-test age, on-test liveweight and herd of origin of bull on feed efficiency (feed/gain, kg/kg) in the test period (n = 231) and ultrasonic measurement of bakcfat thickness (mm) at the end of the test (n = 372). The reduction in $R^2$ due to each influencing factor (i.e. the variation accounted for by the factor) was used to indicate the importance of the influencing factor. Age of dam and on-test age of bull were not important factors on feed/gain and ultrasonic backfat thickness, as they accounted for less than 0.5% of the variation in feed/gain and ultrasonic backfat thickness, respectively (p > 0.1). On-test liveweight had some influence on feed/gain and ultrasonic backfat thickness, accounting for 3.5% (p < 0.01) and 0.4% (p < 0.05) of the total variation, respectively. The regression coefficients of feed/gain and ultrasonic backfat thickness on on-test liveweight were 0.016 (kg/kg)/kg and .013 mm/kg, respectively, both being significant (p < 0.05), indicating that lighter bulls entering the test were generally more efficient in feed utilization in the test period and had less backfat at the end of the test than heavier entering bulls. Herd of origin of bull accounted for a substantial amount of the total variation (> 16%) in feed/gain and ultrasonic backfat thickness (p = 0.08), indicating that a prolonged aqjustment period was needed to reduce the influence of herd of origin when assessing aggregate genetic merit of beef bulls for growth rate, feed efficiency and lean meat production using a central station performance testing program.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권12호
• /
• pp.1682-1687
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of milk protein yields in Iranian Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1,112,082 test-day milk protein yield records of 167,269 first lactation Holstein cows, calved from 1990 to 2010, were analyzed. Estimates of the variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations for milk protein yields were obtained using a random regression test-day model. Milking times, herd, age of recording, year, and month of recording were included as fixed effects in the model. Additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects for the lactation curve were taken into account by applying orthogonal Legendre polynomials of the fourth order in the model. The lowest and highest additive genetic variances were estimated at the beginning and end of lactation, respectively. Permanent environmental variance was higher at both extremes. Residual variance was lowest at the middle of the lactation and contrarily, heritability increased during this period. Maximum heritability was found during the 12th lactation stage ($0.213{\pm}0.007$). Genetic, permanent, and phenotypic correlations among test-days decreased as the interval between consecutive test-days increased. A relatively large data set was used in this study; therefore, the estimated (co)variance components for random regression coefficients could be used for national genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Iran.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2006

Hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) is used for evaluating the plasma membrane function and fertilizing ability in mammal spermatozoa. However, HOS solutions and experimental conditions have not been determined clearly for assessing canine spermatozoa. This study was conducted to examine the HOS solutions and assay conditions, including incubation time (30 to 120 min), storage temperature (4, 17 and $20^{\circ}C$), semen status (fresh and frozen). Maximum spermatozoal plasma membrane swelling was obtained in an 150 mOsm Na-citrate/Fructose solutions with an incubation time for 45 min. The storage temperature and semen status affected the percentage of HOS positive spermatozoa. The HOS test adapted to canine spermatozoa in this study was simple and highly consistent assay with good repeatability. The optimal condition of HOST in canine spermatozoa is an 150 mOsm Na-citrate/Fructose solutions with an incubation time for 45 min regardless of semen storage temperature and semen status.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.446-451
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 인공수정 기법을 이용한 한국 재래흑염소 계통별 인공수정 수태율을 알아보고자 정액의 성상, 수태율 및 분만율을 조사하고, 임신진단을 위한 소의 임신진단 키트의 활용 가능성을 알아보는 것이다. 재래흑염소에서 전기자극을 통해 정액을 채취하여 3계통(당진, 장수, 통영)별 정액분석과 발정동기화 된 암컷에 인공수정을 실시하여 계통별 번식능력을 조사하였다. 인공수정된 암컷에서는 소의 임신진단 키트(IDEXX Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test kit)와 초음파진단으로 임신을 확인하였다. 그 결과 개통별 정액채취량은 1~1.5 ml 내외였으며, 정액농도는 $18{\sim}25{\times}10^8/ml$, 정액 채취 직후 정자활력은 97% 이상 높게 나타났다. 그리고 임신진단의 결과에서 소의 임신진단 키트와 초음파진단 모두 동일한 결과를 보였으며, 계통별 인공수정 수태율의 효율은 20~44%로, 통영계통이 44%로 가장 높게 나타났고 장수계통이 20%로 인공수정 수태율이 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 한국 재래흑염소의 계통별 인공수정 효율을 알 수 있었고, 조기 임신진단을 위한 소 임신진단 키트의 활용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 재래흑염소 증식과 개량에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.269-273
• /
• 2012

A confirmatory serological test, the standard tube agglutination test (STAT) is evaluated for the diagnostic efficiency in brucellosis Korea. A total of 345 bovine samples were collected from regional veterinary branch under national brucellosis monitoring program from January 2010 to June 2012 in Korea. These samples were diagnosed as suspected serum and brucellosis positive by the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and the STAT, respectively. The STAT was compared and evaluated with three serological test such as the indirect-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), competitive-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) and fluorescence polarisation assay (FPA) prescribed for international trade by OIE. Among the 345 bovine serum samples, 302 (87.5%) were diagnosed as positive in the STAT, while 215 (62.3%), 223 (64.6%) and 194 (56.2%) serum samples were diagnosed as positive for brucellosis in the I-ELISA, C-ELISA and FPA, respectively. The STAT showed quite high positive results as compared with three prescribed tests of OIE. FPA, I-ELISA and C-ELISA have shown 60.6%, 64.9% and 67.2% correlation, respectively as compared to the STAT. However correlations of three prescribed tests ranged high 84.1~97.7%. Especially, correlation between I-ELISA and C-ELISA is quite high, 97.7%. These results suggest that the STAT has shown many false-positive reactions. Therefore, additional serological test, such as ELISAs and FPA, would be necessary to adopt as a confirmatory test in the national surveillance program of bovine brucellosis in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 2002

Test-day records (n=13677) sampled from 896 ewes in 5-9 (${\mu}$=7.5) monthly test-days were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of test-day yields, lactation milk yield (TMY), length of the milking period (DAYS) and three measures of persistency of milk yield in Boutsico dairy sheep. Τhe measures of persistency were the slope of the regression line (${\beta}$), the coefficient of variation (CV) of the test-day milk yields and the maximum to average daily milk yield ratio (MA). The estimates of variance components were obtained under a linear mixed model by restricted maximum likelihood. The heritability of test-day yields ranged from 0.15 to 0.24. DAYS were found to be heritable ($h^2$=0.11). Heritability estimates of ${\beta}$, CV and MA were 0.15, 0.13, 0.10, respectively. Selection for maximum lactation yields is expected to result in prolonged milking periods, high rates of decline of yields after peak production, variable test-day yields and higher litter sizes. Selection for flatter lactation curves would reduce lactation yields, increase slightly the length of the milking period and decrease yield variation as well as litter size. The most accurate prediction of TMY was obtained with a linear regression model with the first five test-day records.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.82-92
• /
• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to explore the proper method for animal stroke model of Oriental medicine To this end, brain ischemia was induced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO) and proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO) and evaluated with the method of Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining and Swimming Behavior Test. Results demonstrated that first, infarct size and volume of pMCAO group were significantly bigger that those of dMCAO group. Second, analysis of swimming behavior test revealed that the percentage of left turning angles of pMCAO was significantly bigger than that of dMCAO. Third, during swimming behavior test, there were peculiar traces of small successive circles that represent motor dysfunction and conscious disturbance among dMCAO group. The results of the study thus indicate that non-invasive intraluminal method of pMCAO was the appropriate animal stroke model for Oriental medicine in the light of brain ischemia as hemiplesia and conscious disturbance.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.32-32
• /
• 2003

Recent, a problem about an animal-experimentation were seriously stated with bright development of human science. Safety of chemical materials is evaluated on the basis of the various toxicity data that used an animal-experimentation. However, an toxicity test used by animal is covered with limit and criticism. A problem of toxicity test by animal can try to approach in ethic a few side and usefulness.(omitted)

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권3_spc호
• /
• pp.457-462
• /
• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Enteromorpha powder supplementation on reproduction-related hormones and genes in the late laying period of Zi geese. Methods: A total of 312 (1-year-old) Zi geese with similar laying rate were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates each, each with 21 female geese and 5 male geese. The control group was fed with a basal diet and the test group was fed with a diet containing 3% Enteromorpha powder. The trial period lasted for 7 weeks. Results: Our results showed that the laying rate was improved in the test group at each week of trial (p<0.01), and the levels of estradiol in serum and prolactin in ovary were increased compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on above results, Enteromorpha powder supplementation at 3% could promote reproductive performance during the late laying period of Zi geese.