• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.737-742
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• 2000

As functionality investigation of a soybean fermentation food, a angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptide was separated during natto fermentation by Bacillus natto and inhibitory effect was investigated. After incubation at each 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$, 5$0^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$ for the 0~72 hr, protein content, protease activity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition were determined. The protein content and protease activity were increased and reached maximum at 60 hr fermentation with 4$0^{\circ}C$ and decreased after the 60 hr fermentation during natto fermentation. The optimum condition for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was appeared at fermentation for 60 hr at 4$0^{\circ}C$. Crude extract of natto was partially purified by Amicon membrane YM-3 and Sephadex G-10, G-25 gel filtration, stepwise. The inhibitory rate was increased in a concentration dependent manner, espcially the most potent activity about 74.74% at 1.0 mg peptide content. The most prominent amino acid of the peptide from natto was alanine, followed by phenylalnine, histidine.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1996

This studies were conducted to select optimal enzyme that produced hydrolysate from soybean, and to evaluated functionality of hydrolysate. Soybean powder was suspended with water and hydrolyzed by seven commercial proteases. Hydrolysate produced with protease from Bacillus subtilis showed the highest inhibition effect on the activity of angiotension converting enzyme(ACE), and the condition of enzymatic hydrolysis was 5cA substrate concentration, 0. l% enzyme concentration, 4 hour hydrolysis time. Under above optimum condition, soybean was hydrolyzed with protease from Bacillus subtilis yielding a DH (degree of hydrolysis) of about 49%. Hyrophobicity of hydrolysate was not correlated with the inhibition effect on ACE activity. The functionality of hydrolysate was significantly influenced by pH. Solubility of hydrolysate at alkali solution was greater than that at acidic solution.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1993

The effect of captopril on the lung angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated after 3 weeks oral administration (120~160 mg/kg/day) through drinking water in SpragueDawley rats. On the $^{125}$I-351A, an ACE inhibitor, binding assay in the isolated perpused lungs, the number of ACE molecules at the intrapulmonary endothelial cell surface was significantly decreased (p<0.001), and recovered to the normal level 7 days after discontinuation of captopril treatment. Intrapulmonary conversion ratio of Al to All was also significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the isolated perpused lungs. Bolus intravenous injection of angiotensin I did not showed pressor response in the both of systemic and pulmonary blood pressure of the anesthetized rats. ACE activity of the lung homogenates was also significantly reduced. These data consistently indicate the decrease of functionally active ACE molecule at the pulmonary artery after chronic captopril treatment. However, serum ACE activity was increased three fold in captopril treated rats compared to the normal rats. So, these results suggest that the functionally active ACE molecule at the pulmonary artery was still inhibited, which is directly associated with the antihypertensive effects, even if the total angiotensn converting enzyme induction was resulted after chronic captopril treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.657-664
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to screen a therapeutic agent with a cognitive function. The inhibitory effect of $Curcuma$ $longa$ hot water extract (CLWE) on the angiotension-converting enzyme and acetylcholinesterase derived from rabbit lungs and neural cells (PC12), as well as its antioxidant effect, was investigated in this study. Thus, for the first time, the direct scavenging effect of CLWE on DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and the protective effect of DNA oxidation related to oxidative stress was evaluated in vitro. In addition, it was observed that CLWE especially exhibited a scavenging effect on reducing power and superoxide anions in this study. CLWE showed a protective effect on DNA oxidation produced by hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, CLWE inhibited the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes above 0.25%. Additionally, the extract inhibited oxidative stress and inducible nitric oxide in neuronal cells. Therefore, these results demonstrated that CLWE has antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effects, suggesting that it may have great potential as a natural source for human health.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.541-545
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• 2009

Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from the haesongi mushroom (Hypsizigus marmoreus) to measure functional components. The ability of the extracts to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and their hypoglycemic effects were also determined; the latter was measured by $\alpha$-amylase and glucosidase inhibition. Extraction yield, protein content, total phenol, and $\beta$-glucan in the water extracts were 55.86, 17.71, 1.89, and 21.93%, respectively. The respective values for the ethanol extracts were lower than those for water extracts. Both water and ethanol extracts showed dosedependent ACE inhibition, the effect of the former being greater. The water extract inhibited ACE activity by 95.34% at 40 mg/mL. The $IC_{50}$ values of the water extracts were 63.32 and 0.41 mg/mL for $\alpha$-amylase and glucosidase, respectively. Thus, the water extracts had a greater hypoglycemic effect than the ethanol extracts. From these results, water is a better solvent than ethanol to extract from the haesongi mushroom functional components that show ACE inhibition and have hypoglycemic effects.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.355-358
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• 2004

Chunkookjang, Korean traditional fermented soybean food emerges as a functional food to improve intestinal function and blood circulation. During Chungkookjang fermentation, microorganisms, enzymes, and diverse bioactive compounds increase sharply. Chungkookjang contains diverse oligo-peptides. Formation of peptides was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Solube fermented soybean in our sample contained Tyr, Gln-Lys, Trp, Gln, and Lys-Pro as major components. Lys-Pro (0.083 mg/100 g sample) was purified by HPLC analysis. Angiotensin I­converting enzyme (ACE) causes hypertension by converting angiotensin I to angiotension II. ACE inhibitory activity of Lys-Pro was determined to be $IC_{50}=32.1\;{\mu}M.$ Whether or not eating Chungkookjang can lower blood pressure was also determined. Sistolic blood pressure dropped by 15 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure by 8 mmHg 2 hr after a single administration of 20 g of fermented soybean. Chungkookjang might be helpful in improving blood circulation since it has ACE inhibitor and antihypertenisve effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 1996

Effect of soybean hydrolysate prepared by ultrafiltration(UF-peptide) was evaluated regarding its action on blood pressure, selected biochemical changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). Male SHR were divided into three groups and fed diet with 0, 3, 10% UF-peptide for 6 weeks. Development of hypertension was determined by tail cuff method during the experimental period. After the experimental period, angiotension I converting enzyme(ACE) activity in serum and vascular tissue, and lipids level in serum were measured. Spontaneous elevation of blood pressure was suppressed by the UF-peptide supplementation after two weeks of feeding. After five weeks of feeding the development of hypertension was significantly inhibited in the UF-peptide administered groups compared to the control. In addition, the UF-peptide was effective for lowering serum lipids level such as triglyceride and total cholesterol, as well as ameliorating some pathological changes in SHR.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.667-671
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• 2015

This study investigated the antioxidant capacities and inhibitory activity of peeled lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera) as a food material on angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE). The antioxidant effects on total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were not signicant. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity decreased from 85.07% to 80.70% by peeled treatment. SOD-like activity decreased from 20.84% to 17.97%, and ACE inhibitory activity decreased from 53.4% to 50.1% by peeled treatement. Thus, consumption of non-peeled lotus root should increase.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.335-354
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate biological activity of antler extract added medical plants. The scavenging activity of DPPH radical was low scavenging activity at 0.01% concentration. But in the 0.05% and higher concentration, electron donating ability(EDA) is above 50% except Kongindangagam(48.5%) and significantly good above 70% in the 4 extracts. Superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity was 44.3% and 45.1% extracts of Ohjayenjongwhangami and M(market sample), Inhibition of xanthine oxidase were above 50% at 0.5% concentration except Boshingiwhangwhangami and from 62.4% to 84.9% in the 4 extracts. Inhibition rate of boshingiwhangwhangami was hasty increased from 33.5% to 77.5% at 1.0% concentration and others the higher concentration, the more increasing inhibition. Angiotension I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activities were high activity all of extracts. In the 0.5% concentration, ACE inhibition was above 80%. Especially 0.01% concentration of M was presented 81.8%. The study which conducted to investigate the effect of feeding antler extract group for 50 days on sperm concentration, Ca contents of serum, kidney and femur in rats was higher than that saline group.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2011

Objective: Although recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis (HD) with no need of blood transfusion, some patients have a blunted or appear to be resistant to rhEPO. There is a controversy in the causes of rhEPO resistance in maintenance HD patients with anemia. This study is to examine current anemia treatment outcomes and the factors influencing the rhEPO responsiveness in HD patient with CKD. Methods: The clinical parameters or factors relating to erythrompoietin treatment outcomes and erythropoietin responsiveness were collected from the HD patients in two large dialysis centers for three months. The collected paramenters included serum iron, total iron biding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation rate, ferritin, albumin, intact PTH, C-reactive protein (CRP), nPCR and medications such as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhbitor, an angiotension II receptor blocker and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (HMG-CoA RI). The data were analyzed to examine the degree of acheiveing the anemia treatment goal and factors relating to ERI. Results: Among total 111 patients, 42 (42.3%) and 47 (37.8%) patients achieved the target Hct and Hb based on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services (HIRA) reimbursement criteria. In the higher ERI group (upper quartile), the patients had higher CRP levels (0.5 mg/dl) (p=0.0096), and lower TIBC score (<$240{\mu}g/dl$) (p=0.0027), and less patients were taking HMG-CoA RI (p=0.0019). Male patients (p=0.0204), patients with high TIBC score ($R^2$=0.084, p=0.0021) and patients taking HMG-CoA RI (p=0.0052) required to administer less dose of rhEPO meaning higher erythropoietin responsiveness. Conclusion: Less than 50% of CKD patients were achieving the goals of anemia by erythropoietin administration in large hospitals in Korea even though the goals were lower than those of NKF-K/DOQI practice guideline. The factors influencing ERI were sex, TIBC and HMG-CoA RI administration status, and neither an ACEI nor an ARB did not influence ERI.