• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise program to oldwomen's flexibility. The result of this study were the following : 1. The elderly group showed significant difference(p<.001) on effect of flexibility of upper between pre and post after regular stretch exercise. 2. The elderly group showed significant difference(p<.001) on effect of flexibility of lower between pre and post after regular stretch exercise. 3. The elderly group showed significant difference(p<.001) on effect of flexibility of trunk between pre and post after regular stretch exercise. As a result of this study, the effect of exercise training program had improved flexibility of the elderly.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2003

From an sustainable perspective, one unique characteristic of Open Housing is its ability to individualize variable elements (infill) from the permanent elements (support) in accordance with the residents' needs. Such environment-friendly elements of Open Housing can contribute to increasing the life span of the building, reducing the scope of reconstruction, and minimizing the amount of disposed building materials during demolition. The purpose of this research is to analyze the flexibility concept from a typological perspective, so that the concept of open housing can be better understood and its development can be promoted. The main method of this study was content analysis. Based on literature review of flexibility concept in a typological approach, a primary categories were established to describe the flexibility concept such as time for flexibility, scope, and the degree of openness. Subsequently each criterion was elaborated as follows: planning, supply, and utility in the time stage; internal and external flexibility in its scope; and fixed, semi-free, and free flexibility in its openness degree. This research exposes the lack of comprehensive knowledge of Open Housing caused by rather uniform features of previous studies. This research establishes and promotes a systematic approach for a more holistic meaning of Open Housing. This approach should contribute to the proper utilization and further development of sustainable housing.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.209-225
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• 2015

Compared to ambient vibration testing, impact testing has the merit to extract not only structural modal parameters but also structural flexibility. Therefore, structural deflections under any static load can be predicted from the identified results of the impact test data. In this article, a signal processing procedure for structural flexibility identification is first presented. Especially, practical issues in applying the proposed procedure for structural flexibility identification are investigated, which include sensitivity analyses of three pre-defined parameters required in the data pre-processing stage to investigate how they affect the accuracy of the identified structural flexibility. Finally, multiple-reference impact test data of a three-span reinforced concrete T-beam bridge are simulated by the FE analysis, and they are used as a benchmark structure to investigate the practical issues in the proposed signal processing procedure for structural flexibility identification.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.91-101
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the relationship between supply chain flexibility(process flexibility and logistics flexibility) and competitive advantage strategy(cost, quality, lead time). To accomplish these purposes, the relationships among supply chain flexibility(process, logistics), competitive advantage strategy(cost, quality, lead time) were modeled based on the studies conducted in the various areas. In order to collect the related data the questionaries of 500 were distributed to the employees working at the manufacturing industry in the area of Gumi. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 for Windows. This study used the statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, multi regression analysis. The results of the study show that process flexibility had positively significant effect on low cost strategy and high quality strategy and logistic flexibility have positively significant effect on delivery speed strategy. However, it was found that process flexibility did not have the significant effect on delivery speed strategy, and the logistic flexibility did not have the significant effect on low cost and high quality strategy. Thus, it is expected that each enterprise can maximize corporate strategies by applying different flexibility strategy depending on the competitive advantage strategy.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

First of all, the multi-story Housing applying resident's participation in europe was classified by the menu selection method, the two-step supply method and the cooperative method. And then I analyzed flexible unit plan of cases for deriving the planning methode and the characteristics of flexibility. First, I analyzed the area and form of the unit plan, structure and Installation, fixed and variable elements to derive the planning method. The area of units are distributed from a minimum of $35m^2$ to a maximum of $150m^2$, and many of the unit planes have a narrow front and a deep depth. The structure is a long-span wall-structure or a skeleton structure, and is designed without any columns and bearing walls in the interior space for flexibility in spatial composition. The vertical shafts are located in the center of the unit in a box-form or in the corner at the unit dividing wall for free placement of interior wall. Fixed elements are framework and facility systems. Most of the future residents in the two-steps supply method and the cooperative method were able to freely design the internal space within the zoning concept proposed by the architect and change the location of the facade element within module system proposed by the architect. Second, the characteristics of the flexibility applied to the unit plan were divided in integrated flexibility, functional flexibility, construction flexibility, and supply flexibility. The integrated flexibility enables residents to give the variable space combination based on the complex structure of the inner space for providing various living experiences. Regarding functional flexibility, the three-dimensional spatial structure with neutral space has multi-functionality according to the needs of residents and easily accepts mixing of hybrid programs such as work and residence. Constructive flexibility allows residents to create identity by freely planning interior space and changing the size or location of facade components in a determined system of architects. Finally, various types of size and space composition are proposed and realized in the whole building applying menu selection method, so that flexibility in the offer can accommodate and integrate various types of living.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2021

Background: In clinical practice, active knee extension (AKE) test has been widely used to measure hamstring flexibility. During the AKE test, the knee extension is repeated six times. The first five repetitions are considered as warm-up, and the sixth is used as baseline. In order to accurately measure the subject's inherent flexibility, warm-up trials have been proposed as mentioned above; but currently, the evidence is insufficient. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-three healthy adults participated in this study. The AKE was performed slowly after flexing the hip and knee joints by 90° in a supine position. The knee was extended as far as could be done without causing discomfort or pain. When reaching the end range, knee flexion was performed without stopping. As per standard protocol, the subjects performed the knee extension six times. Results: There was no significant difference between the AKE value in the first trial with those in the other five trials. During the repetitions, the average value in the group with higher flexibility tended to decrease and the Intraclass correlation coefficient gradually decreased. Conclusion: Successive repetitions of the AKE test can misrepresent an individual's inherent hamstring flexibility. In order to avoid a decrease in hamstring flexibility, it is strongly recommended that individuals with high initial hamstring flexibility avoid unnecessary repetitions of the AKE test.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a progressive exercise program for osteoarthritis patients. Methods: This study was performed from 24th March. to 7th July. 2009. Thirty six osteoarthritis patients were participated in the progressive exercise program. Outcome measures were shoulder flexibility, knee flexibility, grip strength, pain intensity, number of pain site and fatigue. SPSS/WIN Version 14.0 was used for the data analysis. Results: At the completion of 6 weeks of progressive exercise program, there were statistically significant differences in shoulder flexibility and knee flexibility. But no significant differences were found in grip strength, pain, number of pain site and fatigue between pretest and posttest. Conclusion: Progressive exercise program was proved to be an effective nursing intervention for improving the shoulder and knee flexibility. However, progressive exercise program did not increase pain & fatigue.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.185-202
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed major changes in our work environment, underscoring the critical role of workplace flexibility. While a wealth of research exists on specific flexible work strategies and schedules, a broader understanding of workplace flexibility has been somewhat overlooked. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining the correlation between workplace flexibility and organizational commitment. Our sample consisted of 300 employees from foreign businesses in the ICT(information and communications technology) service sector and the manufacturing industry, along with those from the top 50 leading Korean enterprises. We bifurcated workplace flexibility into two distinct categories for this study: quantitative and qualitative. Our results revealed that within the quantitative category, the flexibility of continuity of work and flexible place significantly enhanced organizational commitment. Interestingly, the flexibility of work schedules didn't have a marked impact on commitment levels. On the qualitative side, job autonomy and teamwork emerged as significant drivers of organizational commitment. It's worth noting that qualitative aspects of workplace flexibility had a more pronounced effect on organizational commitment than the quantitative elements. These findings highlight the necessity of approaching workplace flexibility from a comprehensive perspective, embracing both its quantitative and qualitative dimensions. For businesses aiming to maximize the benefits of flexibility, it's essential to cultivate a culture of open communication, champion collaboration, and prioritize job autonomy and teamwork. Establishing a work environment that actively supports feedback-oriented communication stands as a key component in this endeavor.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.3-8
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among team individuality-relatedness, cognitive flexibility and team creativity. A total of 313 engineering college students who organized 64 teams were assessed on individuality-relatedness scale, cognitive flexibility scale, and team creativity. Relatedness and cognitive flexibility had significant main effects on team creativity. There was a significant interaction between individuality and cognitive flexibility to explain team creativity beyond individuality alone. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.383-387
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a simultaneous dual-task and horse-riding simulator (HRS) training regime on pulmonary function and flexibility. Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a dual-task (DT) (n=8) or a single-task (ST) (n=8) training group. Flexibility and pulmonary function were assessed before and after HRS training. Both groups underwent HRS training for 4 weeks, 3 times/week in 15-minute training sessions. The ST group underwent HRS training and the DT group underwent dual-task HRS training, which consisted of throwing and catching a ball and ring catching while HRS training. Results: Training significantly increased flexibility and FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) in both groups (p<0.05), but FEV1/FVC and PEF (peak expiratory flow) were not significantly different after training in both groups (p>0.05). After the training, flexibility and FVC in the DT group were significantly greater than in the ST group (p<0.05), but FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous dual-task and HRS motor training improved flexibility, FVC, and FEV1, and our comparative analysis suggests that dual-task HRS training improved flexibility and FVC more than single-task training.