• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1999

The research analyzs characteristics of body types for the Chineses women based on the different life style and to compare the differences of body type with Korean women. The measurement had took in Beijing and Seoul in 1999. As a result of comparing Chinese and Korean women'body measurements, it was found that Chinese women are shorter and obser than Korean women. Besides, chinese arms and upper body are shorter, and their body is thicker compared with their relatively flat chest. After all, Cheinese women'chests are more voluminous, while their shoulders are drooped more, although their shoulder size is almost as same as Korean women'. By used factor analysis, 8 factors were extracted from body measurements : body obesity, vertical body size, ankle and knee sizes, head size, front upper body length, shoulder size, form and size of neck and upper chest, drooping of shoulders, and size of hip. It was found that Chinese college women are obser with larger vertical body length and front upper body length. And their shoulders are more drooped with larger hip. But two nations'female students did not show any differences in the sizes of ankles, knees, head and shoulders.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.168-176
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• 2006

In modern society, Korean women has been doing make-up developing as one of the beauty industry and it means make-up involves more meanings than in primitive period. Therefore we need to study its multi-dimensional connotation Which in the culture that means to understand the society and their way of thinking, and their social value. The structure of feeling represented in make-up in the 70's was Korean women's wish which were to be rich and westernized. In the 70's, Korean women moved to city, and meanwhile they work hard, they has been accepted western lifestyle and it proved on women's face. And in the 80's, Korea has been developed rapidly, and Korean government make people free. So Korean women's structure of feeling in the 80's were women's automation derived from political and economical development. And women expressed their structure of feeling as abundance in the society and women has to been stately. In the 90's Korean women were revolutionary and returned to nostalgia. In 2001, as the world faced new century, Korean women's life has been changed and the structure of feeling were pureness, simple and easiness.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.96-108
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for developing a program for effective education about GDM(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) by investigating the knowledge and learning needs of pregnant women about GDM. The subjects were 192 pregnant women who visited obstetrical clinics for prenatal care. The data were collected from October, 1998 to December, 1999, using a 50-item questionnaire(knowledge ; 30 items, learning needs ; 20 items), and analyzed by SAS program for t-test, ANOVA, Ducan test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows. 1. The knowledge level about GDM 1) Pregnant women had very little knowledge(total means ; 15.1 of 30.0) about GDM. 2) Pregnant women more than 30 years old, pregnant women from Seoul, and pregnant women who had more than a bachelor's degree were more knowledgeable about GDM. 3) Pregnant women who didn't experience spontaneous abortions, pregnant women who had DM(Diabetes Mellitus) patients in their families, and pregnant women who received education about DM were more knowledgeable about GDM. 4) Pregnant women knew very well that GDM women have more maternal and fetal complications than normal pregnant women. Although they were knowledgeable about the importance and ways of controlling blood glucose level, they knew very little about the causes, symptoms, or management of hypoglycemia. 2. The learning needs about GDM 1) Pregnant women had high learning needs (total means ; 85.0 of 100.0) about GDM. 2) The learning needs of pregnant women who had more than a bachelor's degree and pregnant women who earned less than two million won in monthly income were higher than that of other groups. 3) Pregnant women had high learning needs about the health of their baby and themselves, but their learning needs related to weight control and exercise-things that play important roles in controlling blood glucose level-were relatively low. As a result of the above findings, a systemic and individualized program is required for pregnant women and GDM patients, In addition to that, further studies that investigate the effects of education and retention of learning obtained by education are required in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.44
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• pp.37-56
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• 1999

In clothing, a tendency of Bisexuality is in case of wearing clothing of the opposite sex, the mixing of modeling principle and characteristic of man and woman, the exclusion characteristic of sexuality that present sexlessness-the third sex. They-Designer Gabrielle Chanel, YSL, Giorgio Armani-give characteristic of man's fashion to women's fashion. However, the consciousness in design is different. Chanel apply principle of man's suit to woman's wear to express authority and power about gender image, hereby she express women liberation and equality of man and woman based on social ideology through fashion especially, she express women's sexual independency and self assurance to her clothing. YSL express liberal and bold women that pursuit reasonal and liberal life in 1970. As he apply tailoed suit's rigidity to women's wear, he made 'pants look' universal in women's wear through“Dress for success”in modern life. Armani apply successful modern image to women's wear, so he express women's image of confident intellegent as well as feminine image. He focus women's new image as man living liberal and indivisual life excluding social category rather than will of equality of man and women. Gernreich break sexual prejudice and release women freely, furthermore, as he express concern of sexuality pursuit liberty of mankind surpassing sex distinction with women liberty. Gianni Versace pursuit mix and extinguishment of sexual image many-sided, and break fixed idea of sex, and reprovide feminine and masculine image. So his design tend homosexuality because he regard women's glamor and ostensible sexuality as standard of beauty, he apply this to man's wear as well as women's wear. With this, he expresses sensitive and liberal man's that break characteristic of Gender that symbolize power and authority in man's wear through 'Without ties'.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.933-942
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• 1997

There has recently been an increased interest in women's health from, various disciplines, with different perspectives presented according to each profession's academic background. This has led to many instances of incorrectly defining, or misinterpretation, of the issues even among professionals. Nurse scholars as well as practitioners who work in women's health care need to have a clear conceptual understanding of women's health in order to build a body of knowledge, delineate curricular activities, and set directions for professional nursing interventions. In addition, a conceptual model that may be directly utilized in practice is needed to maintain and promote women's health issues. The purpose of this study was to apply a Hybrid model, analyzing conceptual definitions and discussions related to women's health gathered from review of the literature. Further to compare analyticals the concepts and properties observed from field work, so as to present a final definition of women's health and, build a conceptual framework for a united comprehensive perspective on the concept as well as on nursing practice. Data collection and analysis consisted of a theoretical stage, field work stage, and final analysis. A heterogeneous group of professionals and lay persons, 39 in all, participated in the field work. Study findings Include several subconcepts under the concept of women's health : a woman's whole life, holistic health, quality of life, awareness of being a woman, individual nursing, self care ability, reproductive health, and family health. Thus, a comprehensive definition was built, 1. e., "Women's health care be defined as improvement in the quality of life of women through attainment of holistic health throughout the life span. With reproductive health at the core, the concept is directly related to family and national health, and includes taking care of one's own health based on awareness of being a woman and utilizing self care activities. Women's health care issues are unique and allow various responses, therefore women's health professionals need to apply individual approaches to reach solutions in attaining holistic health and improving quality of life." The constructual factors of women's health were found to be reproductive functions, diseases more common in woman, self actualization, mental health, women's health policies, sexuality, midlife changes, and marital relations, with each factor having more than three properties. Positive factors affecting women's health were found to be a normal childbearing process, a healthy lifestyle, active health management, health information, support, and resources, and interpersonal relationships. Negative factors were found to be overwhelming role stress, cultural oppression, gender inequality, distorted sexual identity, economic difficulties, misuse and/or abuse of substances, and stress. The model of women's health may be visualized as a balance scale set upon a woman's life, supporting 4 concentric circles. The innermost circle and second circle incorporate conceptual definitions of women's health, and the outer two circles represent the constructional factors and properties of women's health. Each circle has its own color that symbolizes the conceptual meaning. Positive and negative factors are represented as weights at either end of the scale, and are affected by nursing intervention, i. e., health and wellness increase when positive factors are stronger, whereas disease and illness increase when negative factors are stronger. This model is only a preliminary effort and requires much discussion and testing to be further developed. Continuous research is also required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of adult the women's satisfaction with their appearance, self-esteem, depression and stress to health related quality of life (HRQOL) across the lifespan. Method: In this study a convenience sample of Korean women aged 20 years and over was used. There were 1152 women and data were collected from November 2007 to February 2008. Results: There was no difference in satisfaction with appearance in all age group. Elderly women reported lowest self esteem and HRQOL and highest depression and stress. There were statistical significances between satisfaction with appearance, self-esteem, depression, stress and HRQOL for all age groups. The most significant predictors of HRQOL in early adulthood women were stress and depression. The most significant predictors of HRQOL in middle adulthood women were stress, disease, depression, self-esteem, and monthly income. The most significant predictors of HRQOL in elderly women were stress, disease, depression, and satisfaction with appearance. Conclusion: The results indicate that HRQOL of Korean women is associated with psychological distress as with stress and depression. When developing programs to enhance health in elderly women, consideration should be given to body image as well as psychological distress and chronic conditions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2023

Purpose: Topic modeling is a text mining technique that extracts concepts from textual data and uncovers semantic structures and potential knowledge frameworks within context. This study aimed to identify major keywords and network structures for each major topic to discern research trends in women's health nursing published in the Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing (KJWHN) using text network analysis and topic modeling. Methods: The study targeted papers with English abstracts among 373 articles published in KJWHN from January 2011 to December 2021. Text network analysis and topic modeling were employed, and the analysis consisted of five steps: (1) data collection, (2) word extraction and refinement, (3) extraction of keywords and creation of networks, (4) network centrality analysis and key topic selection, and (5) topic modeling. Results: Six major keywords, each corresponding to a topic, were extracted through topic modeling analysis: "gynecologic neoplasms," "menopausal health," "health behavior," "infertility," "women's health in transition," and "nursing education for women." Conclusion: The latent topics from the target studies primarily focused on the health of women across all age groups. Research related to women's health is evolving with changing times and warrants further progress in the future. Future research on women's health nursing should explore various topics that reflect changes in social trends, and research methods should be diversified accordingly.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

The purpose of the study was to offer basic documents to the textile fashion industry by investigating changes of figures followed by various factors as each other social and cultural environment regardless of the same race. The study conducted a questionnaire survey of Korean women and Korean women in Japan to twenties, forties and sixties. The study enforced measurement from February, 2006 to March, 2006 and from July, 2006 to August, 2006 with R. Martin's Measurement Method of Anthropometry in total 49 measurement items. Also, the study treated statistics of the documents with SPSS WIN 10.0 program. As the result which studied comparison of figures with basic statistics, t-test and more, the study got the following conclusion. Most of Korean women and Korean women residing in Japan have big individual differences in obesity, especially width, thickness, and girth of waist showed the largest variation proving considerable individual difference in waist. In a body measurement comparison, twenties, forties, and sixties of Korean women residing in Japan are higher in heights compare to Korean women, while Korean women have wider and thicker waists than Korean women residing in Japan. In a body difference comparison, categories that showed significant differences are 40's>20's>60's in order and twenties and sixties showed only small difference. In conclusion, Korean women have longer, wider, thicker and smaller waist than Korean woman residing in Japan. When divided by age groups, forties and sixties Korean women are longer in waist, shorter in heights, fatter in weights. Twenties have long waist similar to forties and sixties, but had no significant difference in heights and weights.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.641-655
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• 2015

This study examined the ideal image and fashion of Korean women in the 1970s from a socio-cultural context. This study used information on the 1970s politics, economy, and culture provided by "Chosun Ilbo" and "Yosungjungang" as well as their presentation of the ideal image and fashion for Korean women in the 1970s. The ideal image and fashion of women were considered from the viewpoint of Hamilton's Meta-theory. The ideal image of women in the 1970s is divided into two aspects. The image from the traditional Confucian perspective was prevalent and restricted the lives of women to housekeeping chores. On the contrary, women have increasingly participated in society vis-$\grave{a}$-vis education and employment opportunities to present a progressive image of women. These aspects coexisted during the turmoil of social change. Progressive women had money to buy clothes because they were economically independent. These women embraced styles that included mini, midi, maxi, and bell-bottom pants. Further, pants were developed into different styles such as pant suits. T-shirts and blue jeans as casual wear were very popular among the youth. At the end of the 1970s, the tailored look and the big look (which copied men's clothing) were in fashion. Masculine styles such as wide shoulders with pads and neckties strengthened gender equality. Other fashions were dominated by feminine styles described as beautiful, sweet, and elegant that reflected Korean society's tendency to regard women as sex objects. Clothing that exposed the body highlights this sexual objectification aspect. Women wore miniskirts, hot pants, and bikinis because they wanted to enhance their sex appeal, propagating the view of women as sex objects. In conclusion, all aspects of society and culture were closely interrelated with a fashion style that reflected the values of those aspects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.700-710
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• 1999

Promoting women's health lifestyles are important due to their connection to family health. The purpose of this study was to analyse women's health lifestyles(HPL) and their effects on women's life-cycle, so in order to develop a program in a women's health care center. The subjects included were 1080 women over 18 years old living in Wonju city, and were selected by stratified and purposive sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. The Cronbach $\alpha$, %, mean, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression in SPSS PC Win. package was used to analyze the data. The sample was sepernted into three groups premarital group 20.2%(premarital women between 18 and 40 years old), delivery and children rearing group 49.9%(marital women between 18 and 40 years old), over middle agedelderly group 29.9%(women over 41 years old). Significant difference were found in the HPL according to group. Also, relating variables, such as self-efficacy, family functions, health locus of control and gender role perception that were considered relating variables to HPL significantly differed among the three groups. HPL significantly correlated with self-efficacy, family functions, HLOC and gender role perception in all participants and at all groups. The regression analysis of HPL was interpreted 40.6% with relating variables, self-efficacy, health attention, family functions, and internal locus of control, health perception, power other locus of control and chance locus of control in all participant. Self-efficacy, family functions, health attention were considered important variables in premarital group, self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, health perception and power of control were important in delivery-rearing group. Self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception were important in middle aged-elderly group. As a result, we found the differences HPL scores and relating variables according to life-cycle groups. Therefore, we should prepare health promoting education programs for women according to women's life cycles. Also we suggest that women's health care centers based on communities was needed for proper management of women's health.