• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

Objectives : The Purpose of this study was to develop the occupation based grocery shopping skill training program for group of person with developmental disability and to test its effect. Methods : We set the grocery shopping task for the theme of the program and we applied this program for 9 sessions. There were initial, final, and follow-up evaluation and training sessions were provided 6 times. In the every session, group training program for grocery shopping skills was conducted. The performance of grocery shopping skills was evaluated by Test of Grocery Shopping Skills(TOGSS). Results : At the final assessment of grocery shopping skill, there were increased performance skills especially in item collection and size comparison. Among 3 subjects, two showed in improved navigation skills in order to search for target items. However, there was no improvement in comparing the optical price of items. For the last, it was significant that the total time to spend for shopping were commonly decreased. The performance of grocery shopping were maintained in 2 subjects and another subject was unable to perform it at the 5 month later follow-up evaluation. Conclusion : The occupation based grocery shopping skill training group program which was developed in this study is useful guide-line for occupational therapists who seek for the community based program. All 3 subjects showed the improved performance on shopping skill through this program.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.378-383
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• 1999

Changes of the spectroscopic characteristics of the organic matter fractions and circular filter paper chromatograph were assessed for the bark and piggery manure composts during the composting. as an approach to base the criteria of the compost maturity evaluation. Contents of humic acid-C (HA-C) and fulvic acid-C (FA-C) in both bark and piggery manure composts were decreased as the composting got closer to maturity, but the ratios of HA-C/FA-C were increased. During the composting. ${\Delta}log$ K values were decreased, but RF values were increased. Humic acid of the mature bark compost after 120 days of composting was A-type, as compared to Rp-type for the raw bark and B-type for the immature compost. However. humic acid of the mature piggery manure composts after 40 days of composting was B-type, indicating the humification of the organic matter fractions continued at this stage. Circular filter paper chromatograph of the mature bark compost exhibited the regular sawteeth pattern at the edge, but that of the mature piggery manure showed an irregular sawteeth pattern. Results demonstrated that spectroscopic characteristics and circular filter paper chromatograph of the organic by-product composts might be employed for the compost stability assessment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.274-280
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the average cost and present status of non-benefit medical expenses by using the data of tertiary hospitals released by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA), and to compare the data to find cost variations. The target of analysis was the present status of the non-benefit medical expenses reported by 41 tertiary hospitals among the 44 previously designated hospitals (three were excluded due to revocation or new designation) for 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 (until April). This study was conducted after approval of using the released data of the HIRA's data opening system. This study was analyzed by its general characteristics, annual non-benefit medical expenses by frequency analysis, and annual understanding of variation by designating Coefficient of Variation (C.V.). The research found out that the number of details of non-benefit medical expense was gradually increased: the numbers of categories were 51 in 2015, 53 in 2016, and 98 in 2017, but there was a rapid increase in 2018 by 193. As a result, to standardize non-benefit medical expense items across tertiary hospitals due to their variations in the expenses, the government should expand standardized non-benefit medical expenses and make it mandatory for medical institutions to use the standardized items or names of such expenses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.469-475
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• 2010

The railway signalling system plays an essential role in the safe and efficient train operation as serving control functions of train operation intervals and train routes. The reliability and safety of the system are very important because the failure of the railway signalling system can lead to train collision or derailment as well as train operation stop. Until now, in railway signalling system the conventional wayside signal mode has been used generally. There are, however, the risk of accidents such as human mistakes caused by that the driver identifies the signal lamp status and controls train speed with the naked eye. It is also necessary to refurbish the obsolete system. Thereby, It is being effective that the onboard signal mode has been recently introduced and applied in order to transmit the speed control information to train by using the computer and communication equipment. It is necessary to switch over the system in a way while providing passengers with an operation service to replace the obsolete signal system. In this paper, we verify the cases through trial assessment which are solved by the way of adding specific functionalities in the problems of interference among the procedure of switch-over processes and a serial of processes for system verification while a train is operated in the new system in parallel to the existing system.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2014

According to database of medical institutions of health insurance review & assessment service in 2013, 1118 hospitals and clinics have department of radiology in Korea. And there are CT, fluoroscopic and general radiographic equipment in those hospitals. Above all, general radiographic equipment is the most commonly used in the radiology department. And most of the general radiographic equipment are changing the digital radiography system from the film-screen types of the radiography system nowadays. However, most of the digital radiography department are used the film-screen types of the radiography system. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed present conditions of technical items for general radiography used in hospital and research on general radiographic techniques in domestic medical institutions. We analyzed 26 radiography projection method including chest, skull, spine and pelvis which are generally used in the radiography department.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2003

This study investigated the common features of the best practices in the science classroom, which is the core of school education. The underlying assumption of this research is that the fulfillment of school education is possible with substantial instruction of school curricular areas. The substantial learning of any curricular area depends on each classroom lesson. Data from classroom observations in-depth interviews with teachers and a group of students, a collection of instructional materials were used to extract common characteristics of best practices implemented by 10 exemplary secondary-school science teachers. Common features of best science practices were analyzed in terms of (1)reorganization of science content, (2)pedagogical skills, (3)evaluation, and (4)teachers' efforts for professional development. Results indicated that exemplary science teachers adapted curriculum and textbook content according to students' level and learning context, were able to use a variety of instructional methods and strategies, provided cooperative and intellectually challenging learning environment, and improved their instruction based on assessment results. Also, these exemplary teachers not only improved their own classroom practices, but also participated actively in various professional community of science teachers to share their practical knowledge with their colleagues. They took an active role in teachers' in-service education.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.195-218
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• 2017

The increase in medical expenses for convalescent hospitals is increasing abnormally, which puts enormous burden on the National health insurance finances. This is a phenomenon that has been associated with the social phenomenon of rapid aging. The fact that the convalescent hospitals are paid the fixed amount per day for hospitalization became the incentive for some hospitals to use the patients as means of making money. And these hospitals intend to get regular care or take medicines at other hospitals in order to reduce medical expenses, even when the medical fee is paid. In order to prevent such financial leaks, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service adjusted the patient group for inpatients in a hospital with the above behavior, and then cut the cost of medical care benefits. However, Above decision was canceled by the court on the grounds that there was no basis rule. However, based on the above case, I think that it can be an opportunity to draw up the problem and to improve of the Medical Fee System of hospital. The modified medical fee system can strengthen the medical function of the convalescent hospital. In addition, it seems reasonable to exclude admission for "physically disabled group". Even if admission is allowed for the physically disabled group due to social needs, it should be excluded from the National health insurance for the fianacial soundness and the sustainability of the system.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

Paeonia lactiflora is a valuable natural resource for horticulture and traditional Chinese medicine. To propose conservation strategy and future utility of the wild Paeonia lactiflora populations recently found around the Gyeongju National Park, genetic diversity analysis using microsatellite markers were performed. Three populations in and near the Gyeongju N.P. and one population from Jilin, China were analyzed for five microsatellite markers, producing 61 alleles with mean observed heterozygosity($H_o$) of 0.452. $F_{ST}$ value (0.11642) suggested moderate level of genetic differentiation among the populations, and hierarchical AMOVA suggested most of the genetic variation resides within/among the individuals rather than among-population. While AMOVA with $F_{ST}$ suggested lack of genetic differentiation between the regional (Korean vs. Chinese) populations, AMOVA with $R_{ST}$, which incorporates the allele sizes, suggested considerable differentiation between them, but without significant statistical support. STRUCTURE analysis also suggested segregation of regional populations with presence of gene flow among the three Gyeongju N.P. populations. Considering small population size and scarcity of mature individuals, further protection and long-term monitoring are needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.290-296
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to derive the proposals and to suggest the exposure dose reduction scheme on pediatric head CT scan by analyzing and comparing CT dose index (CTDI) and the national diagnostic reference levels. From January 2014 to December, 231 children under 10years who were requested a pediatric head CT scan with head injury were examined. Research methods were to research and analyze the general characteristics kVp, mA test coverage $CTDI_{vol}$ and DLP referring to dose reports and electronic medical record (EMR). As a result, 7.4%(17 patients) of the total subjects in $CTDI_{vol}$ showed a national diagnostic reference levels exceeding. For DLP 41.6%(96 patients) in excess was relatively higher than $CTDI_{vol}$. DLP was exceeded more than about 60% that is higher than the CT dose index presented by Korea Food & Drug Administration. it is cause of high DLP that scan range increased more than about 30% wider than the standard test coverage presented in Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. In conclusion, it is able to significantly lower the dose if it is complied with checking the baseline scan range of pediatric head CT scan and appropriately adjusting the protocol.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2017

Urinalysis is considered to be easier and simpler than other tests. It has been known to cause no burden to patients, while offering important information on diagnosing, treating, and determining the prognoses of kidney and urinary tract diseases. Urinary sediments are usually performed by microscopic examination of centrifuged urine by technologist. The guidelines proposed by the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service are actually different from those actually practiced by medical institutions and taught to biomedical students in textbooks. Therefore, we verified whether different sediment preparation methods lead different test results. Specimens that tested positive from the occult blood and leukocyte esterase in the urine dipstick test were randomly selected for a microscopic examination. The differences in the urine sediment preparation affected the sediment concentrations, which influenced the cell grade and cell number per HPF. The first factor in determining the sediment concentration is the centrifugal force. Many medical institutions use 1,500 rpm as the centrifugal speed without considering the radius of the centrifuge; such a value may not be accurate for 400 G. Consequently, there were differences in urine concentrations, which influenced the results. The second factor is the amount of sediment in urine. Different amounts of the remaining supernatant led to different sediment concentration factors, again, causing different results. Furthermore, not only by using a pipette to obtain an accurate amount as stipulated, but also by roughly obtaining a drop, the microscopic examination using such a volume of sediment examined affected the results. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of standardization of urine sediment preparation procedures to promote consistency and accuracy across institutions.