• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate the differences and interaction effects on the perceived financial risk between Korean and Thai consumers according to the types of product(utilitarian and hedonic) and price discount (bundle and 50%off). Research design, Data and Methodology - This paper sets up 6 research subjects. Data collection was carried out in Korea and Thailand. Data was made of 154 Korean and 147 Thai consumers. As for the independent variables for this study, consumer types are composed of Korean and Thai consumers, price discount types were bundle(1+1) and 50% off price, and product types consist of utilitarian and hedonic product. The dependent variable is perceived as a financial risk. Each question is measured as a Likert-type five-point scale. Results - According to the price discount and product type, perceived financial risk of Thai consumers is confirmed to be a larger one than that of Korean consumers. Also, there are interaction effects in the perceived financial risk. Conclusion - Our findings can be used as useful information for global retail markets as marketing strategies in future Korean enterprise through a comparative study on Korean and Thai consumers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.826-840
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• 2008

It has been important for retailers to create and maintain strong brand image and brand loyalty in highly competitive markets. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of VMD(Visual Merchandising) image and brand recognition on consumers' perceived risk, brand image and brand loyalty. A 2(VMD image: positive vs. negative) $\times$ 2(brand recognition: high vs. low) between-subjects factorial design experiment was conducted. College students(n=308) participated in the experiment. The results of this study revealed: (1) Positive VMD image reduced perceived risk and increased positive brand image and brand loyalty compared to low VMD image; (2) High brand recognition had a negative impact on perceived risk and positive effects on brand image and brand loyalty; (3) The less risk and the more positive brand image were perceived, the higher brand loyalty were generated. The study provided theoretical and practical implications and future research regarding VMD, brand recognition, and brand loyalty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

The purposes of this syudy were to identify the factors of perceived risk, satisfaction, and intention on rental clothing. The subjects were 767 adults residing in Jeonbuk province. The research was made from February 20 to March 19, 2003. Fof data analysis. frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviations were calculated. Also, factor analysis and stepwise multiple-regression analysis were done. The results were as follows: 1. Approximately half of the respondents had experiences of rental clothing, and the most frequent items were wedding dress, degree gown, performance dress, and sports wear in descending order. 2. The factors of perceived risk of rental clothing were divided into lost, appropriateness, and damage, and total variance was 62.51%. The perceived risk about damage of rental clothing was the highest, and lost was the lowest. 3. The factors of rental clothing satisfaction were divided into appearances, store status, function, and fitness, and total variance was 59.96%. The satisfaction of function of rental clothing was the highest, and the store status was the lowest. 4. The intention on rental clothing was high in case of higher interest in rental clothing, higher educational level. more experiences in rental clothing, lower perceived risk of damage on the rental clothing, and younger person, and these variables explained 54.00% of the intention on rental clothing.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.205-222
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• 2021

Purpose - Due to the Covic-19 pandemic, the perceived value of video conferencing platforms has been increased drastically. However, there is little guidance on how service providers can improve video conferencing platforms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the users' perceived value of video conferencing services based on the heuristic-systematic model and the value-based adoption model. Design/Methodology/Approach - In this paper, we theoretically explore the relationship of the antecedents of perceived value(credibility, expertise, attractiveness, economic feasibility, security, and interactivity) and its outcomes (perceived usefulness, perceived risk and perceived value). The outcomes of this research is a conceptualization of antecedents of perceived value supported by research hypothesis based on the existing literature. A total of 100 valid questionnaires were collected to empirically test the research model. Findings - The analysis results showed that credibility, economic feasibility, and interactivity positively influenced perceived usefulness. On the other hand, credibility, professionalism and interactivity negatively influenced perceived risk. Perceived usefulness positively affects perceived value and perceived risk has a negative effect on perceived value. The brand image as a moderating variable was found to decrease the effect of perceived risk on perceived value. Research Implications - The contribution of this study is significant for video conferencing providers as follows. First, a service provider can actively utilize influencers or referees with high credibility and expertise to maximize the perceived usefulness of users. Second, economic feasibility should be ensured in respect of users through various alliance discount strategies. Third, a video conferencing service company needs to build a positive brand image in order to increase users' perceived value.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.195-212
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze consumers' perceived risk and information search behaviors in internet shopping. For this purpose, survey was conducted on 302 consumers in their 20s and 30s who had internet shopping experience. This study found that consumers' perceived risk was significantly related to their gender, educational level, income, credit card use, period of internet un, number of internet shopping experiences, and purchased product. Consumers' search behaviors were also significantly affected by gender, age, educational level, income, period of internet use, and purchased product. In addition, a higher level of consumers' perceived risk was significantly related to the amount of information search on product attributes themselves rather than on general information search such as the number of sites or the number of brands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.574-589
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• 2016

This research investigates the characteristics of the mobile social commerce and explores the moderating effects of perceived risk and price sensitivity. This survey targeted consumers in their 20s to 30s who use mobile social commerce applications. We used 261 questionnaires for the final statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were applied in the data analysis. The results are summarized as follows. First, characteristics of mobile social commerce are composed of economics, informativeness, entertainment and promotion. Second, perceived risk (which had a negative effect on purchase intention) had moderating effects between perceived risk and economics or entertainment. Third, price sensitivity (which had a positive effect on purchase intention) had a moderating effect between price sensitivity and promotion. This study contributes to the disclosure of the role of perceived risk and price sensitivity as moderating factors between the characteristics of mobile social commerce and purchase intention. Finally, useful implications (both academic and practical) are provided for fashion retail managers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.273-290
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• 2022

Localization of e-commerce websites is a useful tool for providing the world with business organizations and money-making enterprises. However, studies on e-Commerce website localization within the language domain are still quite limited. Thus, the study aims to investigate the relationship between the Arabic language and a wide range of e-Commerce website intentions, clarifying the indirect effects of the Arabic language on intentions to use e-Commerce websites using perceived risk and trust as mediating variables, and determining whether trust and perceived risk work as mediating variables between the Arabic language and e-Commerce website intentions. Survey data collated from participants totaling up to 264 has been used to test the research framework. The selection of these participants is based on their experiences employing e-Commerce websites. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through partial least square (PLS) software was used for the data analysis. The results show that the Arabic language, trust, and perceived risk play effective roles for e-Commerce websites adoption. More importantly, trust and perceived risk positively mediate the relationship between the Arabic language and intentions to use e-Commerce websites. Implications of the study's findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.232-243
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate Korean wine consumers' perceived risk dimensions affecting wine purchasing behavior and identify the differences in the dimensions by wine involvement. Questionnaires were collected from the wine purchasers of wine retailer shops in Seoul. 230 data were analysed using SPSS package(v. 12.0). Findings were as follows: (1) There were 5 dimensions in the perceived risk of wine purchasing: functional, social, physical, psychological, financial. Social dimension was the most serious risk for wine consumers, then come psychological, functional, financial, and physical ones. (2) There were significant differences in the perceived risk dimensions by involvement level except the financial dimension. The perception level of wine purchasing risk was relatively low in the high involvement group while high in the middle and low involvement groups.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

Purpose: This article presents the relationship among the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout, job insecurity, and employees' job performance in Vietnam. Research design, data, and methodology: The dataset included 310 samples from Vietnamese employees through the internet (Gmail, Facebook, Google form). PLS-SEM is used on Smart-PLS software. Results: Research results show that the perceived risk of COVID-19 has a positive impact on job performance and burnout. At the same time, job insecurity positively impacts burnout and has a negative impact on job performance. The distribution of resources to many jobs (both working and worrying about losing jobs) will reduce job performance. Furthermore, the study shows that workers exposed to COVID-19 risks have higher job performance. At the same time, burnout is not a factor that reduces employees' job performance. Finally, the perceived risk of COVID-19 and job insecurity have nothing to do with each other (perceived risk of COVID-19 does not affect job insecurity). These are two factors that exist independently and in parallel. Conclusions: The authors also suggest some implications in theory and practice from these research results. The implications will reduce anxiety about risks due to COVID-19 and job security for employees.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2017

TVarious studies in different industries have proven the effectiveness of nanotechnology, which is considered as a representative technology that makes lives faster and more convenient and economical. However, as nanomaterials are tiny, consumers are concerned on whether they can do any physical harm. Therefore, based on the perceived usefulness and ease of use from the generally used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study added additional variables including perceived risk. Moreover, this study introduced three kinds of trust (institution, people, and technology trust) as moderating variables, which can reduce the negative effect of perceived risk. Based on the analysis using the Structural Equation Model, we determined that perceived usefulness and ease of use positively influenced the intention to adopt nanotechnology products. Thus, when consumers regarded nanotechnology products as efficient and convenient, they showed increased intention to adopt the technology. Furthermore, perceived risk negatively affected the intention to adopt nanotechnology products, that is, when customers' perceived risk increased, the adoption intention of nanotechnology product decreases because of the potential risk from nanotechnology. On the one hand, the negative effect of perceived risk on adoption intention decreased when trust in nanotechnology washigh and when consumers highlytrust experts or administrators. On the other hand, trust in government, public institutions, and companies which produce nanotechnology products showed no significant moderating effect. This study is meaningful as it generalized TAM by applying the model to new nanotechnology products and extended existing studies by the addition of perceived risk and various trust factors to the model.