• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.563-571
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• 1995

The recent work of Hopkins, Kuhn and Ravenel [H-K-R] indicates the Morava K-theory, $K(n)^*(-)$, occupy an important and fundamental place in homology theory. In particular $K(n)^*(BG)$ for classifying spaces of finite groups are studied by many authors [H-K-R], [R], [T-Y 1, 2] and [Hu].

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.449-463
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• 2011

A free vibration analysis is made of a moderately-thick toroidal shell based on a shear deformation (Timoshenko-Mindlin) shell theory. This work represents an extension of earlier work by the authors which was based on a thin (Kirchoff-Love) shell theory. The analysis uses a modal approach in the circumferential direction, and numerical results are found using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The analysis is first developed for a shell of revolution of arbitrary meridian, and then specialized to a complete circular toroidal shell. A second analysis, based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity, is presented to cover thick shells. The shear deformation theory is validated by comparing calculated results with previously published results for fifteen cases, found using thin shell theory, moderately-thick shell theory, and the theory of elasticity. Consistent agreement is observed in the comparison of different results. New frequency results are then given for moderately-thick and thick toroidal shells, considered to be completely free. The results indicate the usefulness of the shear deformation theory in determining natural frequencies for toroidal shells.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.409-423
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• 2015

In the present work, a simple and refined trigonometric higher-order beam theory is developed for bending and vibration of functionally graded beams. The beauty of this theory is that, in addition to modeling the displacement field with only 3 unknowns as in Timoshenko beam theory, the thickness stretching effect (${\varepsilon}_Z{\neq}0$) is also included in the present theory. Thus, the present refined beam theory has fewer number of unknowns and equations of motion than the other shear and normal deformations theories, and it considers also the transverse shear deformation effects without requiring shear correction factors. The neutral surface position for such beams in which the material properties vary in the thickness direction is determined. Based on the present refined trigonometric higher-order beam theory and the neutral surface concept, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Numerical results of the present theory are compared with other theories to show the effect of the inclusion of transverse normal strain on the deflections and stresses.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.295-316
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• 2016

This paper presents the results of experimental investigation, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis on axial compression ratio limit values for steel reinforced concrete (SRC) special shaped columns. 17 specimens were firstly intensively carried out to investigate the hysteretic behavior of SRC special shaped columns subjected to a constant axial load and cyclic reversed loads. Two theories were used to calculate the limits of axial compression ratio for all the specimens, including the balanced failure theory and superposition theory. It was found that the results of balanced failure theory by numerical integration method cannot conform the reality of test results, while the calculation results by employing the superposition theory can agree well with the test results. On the basis of superposition theory, the design limit values of axial compression ratio under different seismic grades were proposed for SRC special shaped columns.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.64-74
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• 2015

Despite the number of developed theories, it still remains a difficult task for some established and emerging scholars in various academic fields to clearly articulate new theories from research studies. This paper reviews and collates the views of scholars on what a theory is and how a good theory can be developed. It explains the concept of a theory, and the different components that make up a theory. The paper discusses the different processes of theory development by emphasizing what theory is and what theory is not. This review found that scholars differ in their definition of a theory, which leads to using terms such as model, paradigm, framework, and theory interchangeably. It found the lack of theoretical constructs in a study to be one of the factors which explains why articles are rejected for publication. This paper may be of benefit to established researchers who may be struggling with theory development, and especially younger academics who are the future of scholarship in various academic fields, particularly in information science.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

This study investigated commercial power theory of traditional market through the analysis of literature review. Consumers' store selection models are made up a theory based on normative hypothesis, theory of mutual reaction, utility function estimation model, and cognitive-behavioral model. Detailed models are as follows. Normative hypothesis based theory is divided into Reilly's retail gratification theory and Converse's revised retail g ratification theory. Interaction theory is composed of Huff's probability gratification theory, MCI model and Multi-nominal Logit Model (MNL model). There are four models in retail organization position theory such as central place theories, single store position theory, multi store position - assign model, and retail growth potential model. In case of single store position theory, theoretical and empirical techniques have developed for a decision to optimum single store position. Those are like these, a check list, the most simple and systematic method, analogy, and microanalysis technique. Aforementioned models are theoretical and mathematical commercial power measurement and/or model. The study has rather limitations because the variation factors included in formula are only a part of actual commercial power. Therefore, further study shall be made continuously to commercial power areas and variables.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to review of mechanism and application methodology about mental practice. The mental practice is symbolic rehearsal of physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements. Human have the ability to generate mental correlates of perceptual and motor events without any triggering external stimulus, a function known as imagery, Practice produces both internal and external sensory consequences which are thought to be essential for learning to occur, It is for this reason that mental practice, rehearsal of skill in imagination rather than by overt physical activity, has intrigued theorists, especially those interested in cognitive process. Several studies in sport psychology have shown that mental practice can be effective in optimizing the execution of movements in athletes and help novice learner in the incremental acquisition of new skilled behaviors. There are many theories of mental practice for explaining the positive effect In skill learning and performance. Most tenable theories are symbolic learning theory, psyconeuromuscular theory, Paivio's theory, regional cerebral blood flow theory, motivation theory, modeling theory, mental and muscle movement nodes theory, insight theory, selective attention theory, and attention-arousal set theory etc.. The factors for influencing to effects of mental practice are application form, application period, time for length of the mental practice, number of repetition, existence of physical practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.257-276
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• 2016

In this paper, a new simple higher-order shear deformation theory for bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates is developed. The significant feature of this formulation is that, in addition to including a sinusoidal variation of transverse shear strains through the thickness of the plate, it deals with only three unknowns as the classical plate theory (CPT), instead of five as in the well-known first shear deformation theory (FSDT) and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). A shear correction factor is, therefore, not required. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for the bending and free vibration analysis are obtained for simply supported plates. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with those predicted by classical theory, first-order shear deformation theory, and higher-order shear deformation theory. Verification studies show that the proposed theory is not only accurate and simple in solving the bending and free vibration behaviours of FG plates, but also comparable with the other higher-order shear deformation theories which contain more number of unknowns.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.857-863
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• 2002

The meteorological elements were measured to investigate cause of summertime ice formation at Unchiri, Gangwon Province. The cause of freezing at valley was conformed as adiabatic expansion theory, latent heat of evaporation, natural convective theory, cold air remain theory, and convective freezing theory according to former study. However nither theory produced a satisfactory explanation. This studying area is not valley but ridge, and underground water surface exists at below than freezing height. wintertime temperature drop and summertime cold air spouting were explain as natural convective theory, generation of water drop on the rock was explained as cooling theory by air expansion, and ice formation on the rock was explained as adiabatic expansion theory. In conclusion, formation of ice valley at Unchiri was formed by natural convective theory, adiabatic expansion theory, and latent heat of evaporation successively.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

The study attempts to show that the theory of critical environmental variation quantum(CEVQ) has a sound logical basis and empirical support. It is well known that the theory of critical environmental variation quantum is derived from the theory of biological probability distibution function and the central limit theorem(CLT) in statistics. The study uses the case study of fisheries damages compensation caused br the public marine construction undertaken in the area do Anjeong Bay in the city of Tongyeong for empirical test of theory of CEVQ. The results shows that the CEVQ theory perfoms a good job in measuring quantatively fjsheries damages caused by outflow of cold water due to the operation of LNG company since 2002. Therefore the study proves that the CEVQ theory is a good theory having internal consistency and empirical applicability.