• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.102-115
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the various types of styles and characteristics of Japanese street fashion since the 1990's. The primary source of data has been a collection of visual materials which include snapshots of young men and women in the Japanese street scene starting in the 1990's. To approach the Japanese street fashion comprehensively, I have divided the background of the Japanese fashion into three parts: 1. The birth of various fashion markets like the Dankai junior generation, Hetauma generation and Shinjinrui junior generation. 2. The pursuit of fashion senses like the well-balanced sense of independence and commensalism, uncommon sense and sense of a tassel. 3. A boom in new fashion business types like SPA and select shop. After the 1990's, the Japanese street fashion has changed through the popularity of styles which include the conservative casual style, sexy casual style, Harajuku pop style, and 3 Re(revival, remake, recycle) fashion style. The characteristics of the Japanese street fashion reflects the performance of virtual reality, the sign of style culture, and the communication of process.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

Purpose: Compared with the past when Japanese retailers used to hesitate to open their shops in the Korean market, because of anti-Japan sentiment, they show confidence in Korea in recent. This study, thus, aims at examining how socio-demographic factors have an impact on customer attitudes towards a Japanese retailer as a shopping destination. Research design, data, and methodology: After the literature review process, the authors have developed a variety of questions to verify the relationship amongst the variables like nationalism, consumer ethnocentrism, war animosity, store country-of-origin and anti-Japan sentiment. Furthermore, after collected questionnaires, the authors used confirmative factor analysis (CFA), T test and linear regression analysis to verify the 25 hypotheses developed. Results: Except for a household size element, it is found that gender, age, education and income levels are related to the degree of nationalism, ethnocentrism, war animosity, store country-of-origin and anti-Japan sentiment. In other words, socio-economic elements influenced Korean customer attitudes towards Japanese retailers. Conclusions: Korean customers tend to show different shopping attitudes towards the Japanese retailers, depending on the characteristics of socio-demographic elements. Furthermore, changing socio-demographic factors will provide positive business opportunities for Japanese retailers in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2014

This study fundamentally is to develop standards and foundations for the establishment of traditional Korean gardens and aims to identify the mechanism and subsequent effect of fair gardens in American and Europe on the propagation and diffusion of the traditional Japanese garden. Fair gardens which were constructed between 1867 and 1939 were investigated to understand them and the ripple effect that they had on cultural dissemination. The results were as follows: Culturally, the Meiji government adopted Wagener's advice on the theme of display- including culture and handicraft-and the gardens with traditional buildings were perceived as one unit and then used as promotional tools as part of a national strategy. As a result, the stroll style garden in the Edo period and tea garden were recognized as the representative Japanese garden in America and Europe. Politically, the Japanese garden in the American context was adopted as examples of 'exotic beauty' and 'cultural heritage' which therefore allowed the Japanese government to achieve it's goal of encouraging friendly relations and the lessening of hostility towards them. Throughout the traditional Japanese garden, Japan with it's rich history presented an ideal - uniquely distinctive from the West. Using 'tradition' and 'nature' as keywords, the Japanese government set it's global image as 'perpetual tranquility'. Socioeconomically, the Japanese garden which was maintained after the fair, played a consistent role as a model of the Japanese culture. Many professionals from Japan who prepared the Japanese villages and gardens for the world fairs in America and Europe, remained in these countries following construction and it were these opportunities that allowed the Japanese garden to be integrated into local Western society.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1188-1195
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• 2001

A tetraparental chimeric bull was successfully produced by aggregating bovine IVF embryos of F1 (female Holstein${\times}$male Japanese Black) and F1(female Japanese Brown${\times}$male Limousin) and culturing in vitro without the zona pellucida at Yamaguchi Research Station in Japan. In the microsatellite genotyping, 12% (28/228) microsatellite primer sets ware potentially useful for this parentage analysis in the chimeric bull, 78.6% (22/28) of microsatellite present in the chimeric bull were uniquely contributed from the Japanese Black and 21.4% (6/28) from Limousin. This chimeric bull semen was used in producing IVF embryos. The chromosome preparations were made from peripheral lymphocytes. Based on chromosome analysis the Chimera had apparently normal chromosomes (29 acrocentric pairs, one large sub metacentric X chromosome and one small sub metacentric Y chromosome). The proportion of acrosome reacted spermatozoa after 1 h of incubation was higher (p<0.01) with the Chimera than with the Holstein and in Japanese Brown bulls. But did not differ from Japanese Black and Limousin bull sperm. Fertilization rates observed after 5 h of sperm-oocyte incubation with Chimera sperm were higher (p<0.05) than with Japanese Brown and (p<0.01) than with Holstein sperm, but did not differ from Japanese Black and Limousin sperm. The cleavage rates of IVF oocytes inseminated with Chimera sperm were also higher (p<0.001) compared with Holstein, (p<0.01) Japanese Brown and (p<0.05) Limousin, but did not differ from Japanese Black sperm. The blastocyst rates of IVM oocytes inseminated with sperm were higher (p<0.05) than in Limousin, Japanese Brown and Holstein, but did not differ from Japanese Black. Chimeric cattles were produced by aggregation of parthenogenetic (Japanese Brown) and in vitro fertilized (Holstein) bovine embryos at the Yamaguchi Research Station in Japan and by aggregation of parthenogenetic (Red Angus) and in vitro fertilized (Holstein) embryos at the St. Gabriel Research Station in Louisiana. The aggregation rate of the reconstructed demi-embryos cultured in vitro without agar embedding was significantly lower than with agar embedding. The aggregation was also lower when the aggregation resulted from a whole parthenogenetic and IVF-derieved embryos cultured without agar than when cultured with agar. The development rate to blastocysts, however, was not different among the treatment. To verify parthenogenetic and the cells derieved from the male IVF embryos in blastocyst formation, 51 embryos were karyotyped, resulting in 27 embryos having both XX and XY chromosome plates in the same sample, 14 embryos with XY and 10 embryos with XX. The viability and the percentage of zonafree chimeric embryos at 24 h following cryopreservation in EG plus T with 10% PVP were significantly greater than those cryopreserved without PVP. Pregnancies were diagnosed in both stations after the transfer of chimeric blastocysts. Twin male and single chimeric calves were delivered at the Yamaguchi station, with each having both XX and XY chromosomes detected. Three pregnancies resulted from the transfer of 40 chimeric embryos at the Louisiana station. Two pregnancies were Jost prior to 4 months and one phenotypically chimeric viable male born.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2002

This study proved that Japanese skirt(裳 'sang') during 5-8 century was introduced by korean emigrants. The skirt of the Tang dynasty(7C) which used to be worn among Japanese upper class in the Nara period(8C),is understood to be transferred through Korean as it was popularly worn in the Shilla Dynasty at the same time. Because Japan was not able to trade with Tang during 4-9 century, unless pass through the Korean peninsular, it suggests that Japanese costume was affected by Korean style of costume. At the later Heian period in Japan, Kosode was mainly worn among Japanese and wearing a skirt has to be abandoned. Instead, only the train, a part of skirt, remain as a decorative part on the back of Japanese woman's formal dress and it continued until now.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2012

This study is an historical consideration about the modern discourse of Japanese spacial tradition driven from cultural background. The purpose of this study is to establish a cartographic map of historical progress, and to shed light on the forming of identity in Japanese traditional space design on the schizo-analytical aspect. It adopts F. Guattari's psychoanalytic theory to the structural analysis of Japanese traditional space design. The process of this study is illustrated as follows: At first, it mentions Guattari's theory of Mechanical Unconscious, Schizo-analysis, Cartography, and Abstract machine as theoretical background. And, it considers the identity of Japanese traditional space constructed by various cultural sign over a long period of time as the statement of apriority. Secondly, it clarifies semiologic generation of Japanese traditional space design based on the analysis of spacial morphemes about each design stemmed from modernization process of Japan. Thirdly, it ascertains semiologic topography the representamens draw, i.e. schizo-analytic cartography from synchronic and diachronic point of view. Fourthly, it analyses traditional discourse structure in terms of generative schizo-analysis and transformational schizo-analysis with four categories- object, style, concept, strategy. Through this process, it studies the reproduction of Japanese tradition in terms of the 'social organization', and explores the way vitalized on the space-time coordinate system by the schizo-analysis of the mechanical unconscious. In conclusion, it clarifies Generative-schizo is accomplished in the level of formulating representamen, and Transformational-Schizo involves experimental mind that induce implantation of the heteromorphic elements and avant-garde experiments of abstract mechanical operation in the schizo-analysis of Japanese traditional space design. The significance of this study is to arrange an opportunity of introspection on Korean-ness seriously from inspecting logic of Japan-ness closely in traditional space design.

• Archives of design research
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• v.21
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• pp.195-204
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• 1997

This study is the comparative analysis of the image structure young korean and Japanese on the present day consumer goods. Korean young men and women have image structure with 3factors of "minute-simplicity" , "practical-nan-practical ", "light-heavy", Japanese young men have those with, "light-heavy", "gay-quiet", "graceful-unstylish". And Japanese young women have those with, "gay-quiet", "light-heavy", "graceful-unstylish". Korean men and women have the same image structure. While Japanese men and women have different image structures. Korean young men and women are sensitive to decoration elements of consumer goods. Japanese young women are also sensitive to the decoration element. Korean young men and women and the Japanese young women seem to grasp their image on the consumer goods at the level of recognition, However, Japanese young men seem to grasp their image on the consumer goods at the level of sense of value.er, Japanese young men seem to grasp their image on the consumer goods at the level of sense of value.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2020

This study focused on the Hwaho farm among Japanese farms that were at the center of rural exploitation during the Japanese colonial period. The contents of the study examined who Kumamoto, the owner of the farm, was, how he entered Chosun and Hwaho-ri, and how much land he owned. And what kind of buildings were in the Hwaho farm during the Japanese colonial period, how they were arranged, and how the space was organized according to the arrangement of buildings. Hwaho farm, the subject of the study, was the farm that managed the most land among Kumamoto's farms. Currently, farmer's housing, Japanese employee housing, warehouses, and medical examination centers remain. In addition to Kumamoto, other Japanese and related buildings remain throughout the town. However, in recent years, a number of houses of enemy property such as Daue House, Sowha Ryokan, and shops are being destroyed without any records or investigations, so this study aims to record academic records of houses of enemy property remaining in Hwaho-ri Village.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.4 s.36
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• pp.181-189
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• 2005

Due to grammatical similarities, even a one-to-one mapping between Korean and Japanese morphemes can usually result in a high quality Korean-to-Japanese machine translation. So most of Korean-to-Japanese machine translation are based on a one-to-one mapping relation. Most of Korean '-hada' verbs, which consist of a noun and '-hada', also correspond to Japanese '-suru' verbs, which consist of a noun and '-suru', so we generally use one-to-one mapping relation between them. However, the applications only by one-to-one mapping may sometimes result in incorrect Japanese correspondences in some cases that Korean 'hada' verbs don't correspond to Japanese 'suru' verbs. In these cases, we need to handle a noun and '-hada' as one translation unit. Therefore, this paper examined the characteristics of Korean '-hada' verb and proposed transfer rules of Korean 'hada' verb, applying for various states of input sentences such as discontinuity due to inserted words between a noun and '-hada', passivization, and modification of '-hada' verb. In an experimental evaluation, the proposed method was very effective for handling '-hada' verb in a Korean-to-Japanese machine translation, showing high quality of translation results.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-342
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• 2017

The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.