• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of surgical castration on behavior, physiological and inflammatory indicators, and leukocyte cytokine mRNA levels in Korean cattle bull calves. Methods: Nineteen Korean cattle bull calves (average body weight, 254.5 kg; average age, 8.2 months) were divided into two treatment groups: control (n = 9) and castration (n = 10). Surgical castration was performed using Newberry knives and a Henderson castrating tool. Blood was obtained just before castration (0 h) and at 0.5 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after castration. Plasma cortisol (PC), saliva cortisol (SC), plasma substance P, and plasma haptoglobin concentrations, and the leucocyte mRNA levels of the interleukin-1-alpha (IL1A), interleukin-1-beta (IL1B), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), and interleukin-6 (IL6) genes were analyzed. Results: Castration decreased (p<0.01) the average daily gain and gain/feed ratio. Castration reduced the time spent eating (p<0.001) and the eating frequency (p<0.01) and increased (p<0.001) the lying frequency. Castration temporarily increased (p<0.05) circulating PC and SC concentrations at 0.5 h after castration. Castration temporarily increased (p<0.05) plasma substance P concentrations at 1 d after castration. Castration increased (p<0.05) plasma haptoglobin concentrations at 1 and 3 d after castration. Castration increased (p<0.05) leukocyte mRNA levels of the IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, and IL6 genes at 6 h after castration. Conclusion: Castration temporarily induced stress and expression of leucocyte inflammatory cytokine genes in Korean cattle bull calves.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.195-200
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• 2003

The growth of S. aureus was inhibited by combination of natural products bearing antioxidative capacity and combined two, three and four kinds of them. S. aureus was controlled by Paeonia Japonica, Galla Rhois, Geranii Herba, alone, and two mixed combinations of Paeonia japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George, Paeonia japonica and Theae Folium, Paeonia japonica and Chelidonium Majus L, Paeonia japonica and Geranii Herba, Paeonia japonica and Schizandrae Fructus, and three mixed combinations of Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Geranii Herba, Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Chelidonium Majus L., Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Theae Folium, and four mixed combinations of Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Chelidonium Majus L. and Theae Folium and Schizandrae Fructus, Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Chelidonium Majus L. and Schizandrae Fructus, Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Geranii Herba and Theae Folium and Schizandrae Fructus. As these combinations of natural products will activate some parts of body, they may be applied to pharmaceutical applications, functional foods, antiaging tea, also expected to control bacterial growth for fermentative beverage bearing multifunction.

• 복식
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

From the ancient Korea to the late Joseon Korean fur and leather had been preferred in and out of Korea for their good quality and excellent manufacturing skill. Since Unified Silla (A.D.676${\sim}$A.D.936) Korean fur and leather were manufactured divisionally by workmen specialized in materials and products, and such manufacturing process was succeeded to Goryeo and Joseon. Manufacturing of fur and leather was consisted of as follows: hunting and butchering - peeling - beating with a paddle and removing fat - oil manufacturing - drying - tanning, then cutting and sewing, and there was a special caring method. In order to make good fur and leather, each process of manufacturing needed particular techniques and all available methods were tried to have tender fur and leather by using smoking, excrement, lime, vegetable tannin and even cerebral liquid. And also required mouth-chewing and hand-pounding with a lot of time and of labor Keeping furs resilience and flexibility, sowing several skins together, even when the after-all-process skin was converted into clothes, was much more difficult than sewing fabric. Thus, the manufacturing cost was as much expensive as skin materials, and the volume of manufacturing of fur and leather was also limited. Therefore, fur and leather must have been popular for scarcity value in the manufacturing process, and this scarcity must have caused an extreme luxury of fur.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2009년도 창립 20주년기념 특별학술발표회
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• pp.90-91
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• 2009

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate community health status and related factors using community health and social indicators. Method: Data sources were reviewed and data for 10 categories, 75 indicators were collected. Community health status and health-related factors were categorized, and the means and standard deviation of individual indicators were obtained and standardized scores were calculated. In addition, through factor analysis of individual indicators by category using the scores and using the resultant factor coefficients as weights, indexes were calculated by area. Correlation and regression were analyzed. Result: Each indicator was highly correlated with each index, and the indexes were highly correlated with one another. Correlation coefficients were above 0.8 between community health index and population, education, housing, and economy, between population and education, housing and economy, between education and housing and economy, and between housing and economy, environment and industry. But multicollinearity was not found in the result. Significant factors on community health index were population, health personnel and facilities, education, housing and economy, and R-square were 92.4%. Conclusion: Health determinants such as population, health personnel and facilities, education, housing and economy could be influencing factors on community health in community level. These results showed the importance of intersectoral collaboration within a local government. Overall community health can be enhanced by intersectoral collaboration.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2010

Underground constructions continue to provide challenges to Geotechnical Engineers yet they pose the best opportunities for development and deployment of advance technologies for analysis, design and construction. The reason for this is that, by virtue of the nature of underground constructions, more data and information on ground characteristics and response become available as the construction progresses. However, due to several barriers, these data and information are rarely, if ever, utilized to modify and improve project design and construction during the construction stage. To enable the use of evolving realtime data and information, and adaptively modify and improve design and construction, the paper presents an analysis and design system, called AMADEUS, for underground projects. AMADEUS stands for Adaptive, real-time and geologic Mapping, Analysis and Design of Underground Space. AMADEUS relies on recent advances in IT (Information Technology), particularly in digital imaging, data management, visualization and computation to significantly improve analysis, design and construction of underground projects. Using IT and remote sensors, real-time data on geology and excavation response are gathered during the construction using non-intrusive techniques which do not require expensive and time-consuming monitoring. The real-time data are then used to update geological and geomechanical models of the excavation, and to determine the optimal, construction sequences and stages, and structural support. Virtual environment (VE) systems are employed to allow virtual walk-throughs inside an excavation, observe geologic conditions, perform virtual construction operations, and investigate stability of the excavation via computer simulation to steer the next stages of construction.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2001

Biometabolic assessment was made in early and late embryonic stage (just before hatching) of one poly, one bi and their hybrids (DP, YPe, DP ${\times} Ype, and YPe ${\times} DP respectively ) of Bombyx mori to observe the racial differences. Protein and nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) concentrations were recorded to be significantly higher in bivoltine breed (YPe) and also in the hybrid than the polyvoltine (DP) strain in both the stages of embryonic development. The single egg weight of polyvoltine race was lower as compared to that of bivoltine and the hybrid studied. Age specific changes in all the biomolecules were evident where protein and RNA concentrations were elevated sharply in prehatched larvae while in case of DNA it was observed to be just reverse. The differences in protein, RNA and DNA composition between breeds and hybrids reflect the racial variations in biometabolic demands responsible for differential growth and development of the breeds and hybrids.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-33
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• 1991

The purpose of the study was to investigate attitudes toward to, values and expectations of environmental education of Korean students and teachers and to provide basic data and reference materials needed to development of environmental education curricula for primary and secondary schools. A review of the related literature, a series of conferences with teachers and specialists in environmental education and environmental sciences. and questionnaire survey were methods employed in this study. Survey question were developed to explore attitude and responses of primary and secondary school students and teachers on various types of issues and problems of environmental education at personal level as well as on their future prospects attitudes values and expectations with which had been dealt in this study were categorized into personal feeling on environmental issues and problems at both national and regional levels issues and problems of current environmental education pre service and in service training of teachers for environmental education instruction and so on. The sample population for the survey was selected by using the stratified cluster and random sampling techniques with respect to regional area, school level, sex and grade, The subjects used in this study were 1,633 students and 385 teachers of primary and secondary schools across the country. The results of the survey were summed up and recommendations to be considered in the revision of sixth national curricula for primary and secondary schools were also suggested.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2018

Background: Roots of Withania somnifera (WS) are a celebrated medicinal ingredient in Ayurvedic and many other indigenous systems of medicine. The present study investigates the effect of the phytochemical composition of the extracts on their antioxidant and reducing activities. Methods: WS roots were extracted with water, acetone, aqueous methanol (1:1), and methanol:-chloroform:water (1:1:1) to obtain aqueous, acetone, hydro-methanolic, and methanol-chloroform-water extracts. Thereafter, phytochemical constitution and antioxidant and reducing activities of the extracts were compared using different qualitative and quantitative tests. Results: Maximum extraction recovery was obtained with 50% aqueous methanol whereas extraction with acetone yielded the poorest recovery. Methanol-chloroform-water extract had the highest content of phytochemical constituents, except tannins, and also exhibited the highest antioxidant and reducing activities. Conclusion: Phytochemical composition and antioxidant and reducing activities of the extracts were positively associated with the use of organic solvents during the extraction process. Alkaloids and flavonoids were the most important contributors in the antioxidant and reducing activities of the extracts.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the physical surroundings and the salesperson's service in apparel stores, and to examine their effects on customer satisfaction and the intention to repurchase. The data was collected from a questionnaire conducted on 312 female adults who had just finished shopping, and was analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regressive analysis and ANOVA analysis with SPSS 10.0. The results were as follows: (1) As a result of the factor analysis, five factors were identified with regard to physical surroundings: spatial layout and functionality, presentation and aesthetics, ambience, convenience, and information. The factors pertaining to the salesperson's service in apparel stores were divided into four dimensions: knowledge and assurance, convenience and responsiveness, etiquette, and empathy. (2) As far as physical surroundings are concerned, spatial layout and functionality, presentation and aesthetics, ambience, and convenience were all found to influence customer satisfaction. In terms of salesperson's service, convenience and responsiveness, etiquette, and empathy each had an influence on customer satisfaction. (3) Furthermore, physical surroundings and the salesperson's service influenced the intention to repurchase. The intention to repurchase is influenced by spatial layout and functionality, ambience, convenience, and information with regard to physical surroundings, by knowledge and assurance, convenience and responsiveness, and empathy with regard to the salesperson's service. (4) It was revealed that the significance of the physical surroundings and salesperson service factors varies depending on the consumer's age, level of education, and income.