• 제목/요약/키워드: anatomical characteristics by age

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병원 및 의원급 일일사용량 기준 항생제 사용량에 영향을 미치는 요인 (Analysis of factors affecting antibiotic use at hospitals and clinics based on the defined daily dose)

  • 이은지;이근우;박주희;김동숙;안형식
    • 대한의사협회지
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    • 제61권11호
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    • pp.687-698
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    • 2018
  • Inappropriate antibiotic use significantly contributes to antibiotic resistance, resulting in reduced antibiotic efficacy and an increased burden of disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of prescribers whose antibiotics use was high and to explore factors affecting the use of antibiotics by medical institutions. This study analyzed the National Health Insurance claims data from 2015. Antibiotic prescription data were analyzed in terms of the number of defined daily doses per 1,000 patients per day, according to the World Health Organization anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification and methodologies for measuring the defined daily dose. We investigated the characteristics of prescribers and medical institutions with high antibiotic use. Multivariate regression analyses were performed on the basis of characteristics of the medical institution (number of patients, type of medical institution [hospital or clinic], age of the physician, etc.). The number of patients and number of beds were found to be significant factors affecting antibiotic use in hospitals, and the number of patients, region, and medical department were significant factors affecting antibiotic use at the level of medical institutions. These findings are expected to help policy-makers to better target future interventions to promote prudent antibiotic prescription.

Clinical Features of Wrist Drop Caused by Compressive Radial Neuropathy and Its Anatomical Considerations

  • Han, Bo Ram;Cho, Yong Jun;Yang, Jin Seo;Kang, Suk Hyung;Choi, Hyuk Jai
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제55권3호
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    • pp.148-151
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    • 2014
  • Objective : Posture-induced radial neuropathy, known as Saturday night palsy, occurs because of compression of the radial nerve. The clinical symptoms of radial neuropathy are similar to stroke or a herniated cervical disk, which makes it difficult to diagnose and sometimes leads to inappropriate evaluations. The purpose of our study was to establish the clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment of compressive radial neuropathy. Methods : Retrospectively, we reviewed neurophysiologic studies on 25 patients diagnosed with radial nerve palsy, who experienced wrist drop after maintaining a certain posture for an extended period. The neurologic presentations, clinical prognosis, and electrophysiology of the patients were obtained from medical records. Results : Subjects were 19 males and 6 females. The median age at diagnosis was 46 years. The right arm was affected in 13 patients and the left arm in 12 patients. The condition was induced by sleeping with the arms hanging over the armrest of a chair because of drunkenness, sleeping while bending the arm under the pillow, during drinking, and unknown. The most common clinical presentation was a wrist drop and paresthesia on the dorsum of the 1st to 3rd fingers. Improvement began after a mean of 2.4 weeks. Electrophysiologic evaluation was performed after 2 weeks that revealed delayed nerve conduction velocity in all patients. Conclusion : Wrist drop is an entrapment syndrome that has a good prognosis within several weeks. Awareness of its clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment methods may help clinicians make diagnosis of radial neuropathy and exclude irrelevant evaluations.

한국 여성 노인 3D 스캔 데이터를 활용한 피트니스 동작별 체표면적 분석 (Analysis of Body Surface Area by Fitness Motion Using 3D Scan Data of Korean Elderly Female)

  • 전은진;정하영;김희은;유희천
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.650-659
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    • 2020
  • The present study provides reference data required for the design of clothing for the elderly by analyzing the body surface area during fitness motion based on 3D scan data of Korean elderly women. This study was conducted with the procedures of (1) survey of motions and main muscles for fitness, (2) acquisition of 3D scan data, and (3) analysis of rate of change for body surface area during fitness motion. Acquisition of 3D body scan data was obtained from seven elderly females (age: 64-77). We selected 66 anatomical landmarks (40 upper body and 22 lower body) by referring to previous studies. Body surface was segmented by connecting the landmarks marked on the 3D scan data acquired. Analysis of body surface area was conducted in terms of the change rate of surface area in 9 postures of elbow 0°, 90° and 180° for flexion, shoulder 90°, 180° for flexion, shoulder 0°, 180° for abduction, hip 90° for flexion, and knee 90° for flexion compared to the those in the standing posture. The amount of changes in body surface area were 12%-62% in the upper body, 15%-77% in the arm, and 10%-51% in the lower body. A future study on the rate of change of body surface length is needed; in addition, a study on how to apply the results of body surface area and body surface length analysis to clothing pattern design is also necessary.

임플랜트 시술을 위한 치조돌기와 상악동 주변 구조물의 형태계측적 연구 (MORPHOMETRICS OF ALVEOLAR PROCESS AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES AROUND INFERIOR MAXILLARY SINUS FOR MAXILLARY IMPLANTATION)

  • 박주진;이영수;백두진;박원희;유동엽
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.228-239
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    • 2007
  • Statement of problem: Following tooth loss, the edentulous alveolar process of maxilla is affected by irreversible reabsorption process, with progressive sinus pneumatization leads to leaving inadquate bone height for placement of endosseous implants. Grafting the floor of maxillary sinus by sinus lifting surgery and augmentation of autologous bone or alternative bone material is a method of attaining sufficient bone height for maxillary implants placement and has proven to be a highty successful. Purpose: This study was undertaken to clarify the morphometric characteristics of inferior maxillary sinus and alveolar process for installation of implants. Material and method: Nineteen skulls (37 sinuses, 10M / 9F) obtained from the collection of the department of anatomy and cell biology of Hanyang medical school were studied. The mean age of the deceased was 69.9 years (range 44 to 88 years). The distance between alveolar border and inferior sinus margin at each tooth, the height of alveolar process and the thickness of cortical bone of the outer and inner table of alveolar process and the inferior wall of maxillary sinus were measured. Results and Conclusion: 1. The septum of inferior maxillary sinus were observe 28 sides (76.%) and located at the third molar (52.6%) and the second molar (26.3%). The deepest points of inferior border of maxillary sinus were located the first or second molar. The distance between alveolar margin and the deepest point of inferior maxillary sinus is $9.7{\pm}4.9mm$. 2. The length of the outer table of alveolar process were $4.9\sim28.2mm$ and the shortest point was between the first and the second molors. The thickness of them were $0.9\sim3.2mm$. The length of the inner table of alveolar process were $7.4\sim25.8mm$ and the shortest point was between the first and the second molars. The thickness of the were $0.9\sim4.6mm$. The results of this study are useful anatomical data for installing of maxillary implants.

족근골 유합의 발생 빈도: 단일 기관 자기공명영상 분석 (Incidence of Tarsal Coalition: An Institutional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis)

  • 김정한;곽희철;이창락;김영준;김전교;이선주;이정한;박준호
    • 대한족부족관절학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.116-120
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: Tarsal coalition results from defects during the developmental stage and produes ankle pain and limitations in the range of motions. Its incidence has been reported to be 1%, but there has not been any reports with respect to Koreans. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of tarsal coalition in Koreans. Materials and Methods: Between 2005 and 2014, we analyzed a total of 733 cases of foot and ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our hospital. There were 391 men and 342 women. All MRI readings were read by a radiologist in our hospital. We classified the coalitions in accordance with the histological and anatomical characteristics, and calculated the prevalence in each group. Moreover, we tried to determine the prevalence of tarsal coalitions in accordance with sex, age, and proportion of the symptomatic tarsal coalitions. Results: There were a total of 11 MRIs of tarsal coalition - 9 talocalcaneal coalitions, 1 calcaneocuboidal coalition, and 1 calcaneonavicular coalition. Nine tarsal coalitions were observed in men and 2 in women. Conclusion: Through this study, we found that the prevalence of tarsal coalition, including the asymptomatic patients, is similar to the previously known prevalence (1%). By getting more MRIs of the foot and ankle, we could better represent the prevalence of tarsal coalitions in Koreans.

A practical approach to nasal reconstruction in Asian patients

  • Koh, In Suk;Sun, Hook
    • 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.268-275
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    • 2021
  • Background: The study aimed to evaluate nasal reconstruction techniques customized for Asians. The currently available nasal reconstruction guidelines are based on Caucasian patients, and their applicability is limited in Asian patients due to differences in anatomical and structural features. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of 76 patients who underwent nasal reconstruction at a single center between January 2010 and June 2020. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted of patients' baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, medical history, defect size and location, reconstructive procedure, pathological diagnosis, postoperative complications, and recurrence. Results: In 59 cases (77%), nasal defects resulted from tumor ablation, and the remaining 17 cases involved post-traumatic (20%) and infection-induced (3%) tissue damage. The most common defect location was the alae, followed by the sidewalls, tip, and dorsum. Forehead flaps were the most commonly used reconstructive technique, followed by nasolabial advancement flaps, rotation flaps, and skin grafts. Each procedure was applied considering aspects of structural anatomy and healing physiology specific to Asians. Complications included nasal deformity, hypertrophic scarring, secondary infection, and partial flap necrosis, but no cases required additional surgical procedures. Tumors recurred in two cases, but tumor recurrence did not significantly affect flap integrity. Conclusion: Nasal reconstruction techniques applied considering Asians' facial features resulted in fewer postoperative complications and higher patient satisfaction than the approaches that are currently in widespread use. Therefore, this study is expected to serve as an essential reference for establishing treatment guidelines for nasal reconstruction in Asians.

1개 종합병원 환자의 낙상에 관한 조사 (A Study on Fall Accident)

  • 이현숙;김매자
    • 대한간호
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.45-62
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    • 1998
  • The study was conducted from November 1995 to May 1996 at the one general hospital in Seoul. The total subjects of this study were 412 patients who have the experience of fall accident, among them 31 was who have fallen during hospitalization and 381 was who visited emergency room and out patient clinic. The purposes of this study were to determine the characteristics, risk factors and results of fall accident and to suggest the nursing strategies for prevention of fall. Data were collected by reviewing the medical records and interviewing with the fallers and their family members. For data analysis, spss/pc+ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, adjusted standardized $X^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Total subjects were 412 fallers, of which 245(59.5%) were men and 167(40.5%) were women. Age were 0-14 years 79(19.2%), 15-44 years 125(30.4%), 45-64 years 104(25.2%), over 65 years 104(25.2%). 2) There was significant association between age and the sexes ($X^2$=39.17, P=0.00). 3) There was significant association between age and history of falls ($X^2$=44.41. P= .00). And history of falls in the elderly was significantly associated with falls. 4) There was significant association with age and medical diagnosis ($X^2$=140.66, P= .00), chief medical diagnosis were hypertension(34), diabetis mellitus(22), arthritis(11), stroke(8), fracture(7), pulmonary tuberculosis(6), dementia(5) and cataract(5), 5) There was significant association between age and intrinsic factors: cognitive impairment, mobility impairment, insomnia, emotional problems, urinary difficulty, visual impairments, hearing impairments, use of drugs (sedatives , antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, antidepressants) (P < 0.05). But there was no significant association between age and dizziness ($X^2$=2.87, P=.41). 6) 15.3% of total fallers were drunken state when they were fallen. 7) Environmental factors of fall accident were unusual posture (50.9%), slips(35.2%), trips (9.5%) and collision(4.4%). 8) Most of falls occurred during the day time, peak frequencies of falls occurred from 1pm to 6pm and 7am to 12am. 9) The places of fall accident were roads(22.6%), house-stairs 06.7%), rooms, floors, kitchen (11.2%), the roof-top, veranda, windows(10.9%), hospital(7.5%), ice or snowy ways(5.8%), bathroom(4.9%), playground, park(4.9%), subway-stairs(4.4%) and public-bathrooms (2.2%). 10) Activities at the time of fall accident were walking(37.6%), turning around or reaching for something(20.9%), going up or down stairs09.2%), exereise, working07.4%), up or down from a bed(2.7%), using wheelchair or walking aids, standing up or down from a chair(2.2%) and standing still(2.2%). 11) Anatomical locations of injuries by falls were head, face, neck(31.3%), lower extremities (29.9%). upper extremities(20.6%), spine, thorax, abdomen or pelvic contents(l1.4%) and unspecified(2.9%). 12) Types of injures were fracture(47.6%), bruises03.8%), laceration (13.3%), sprains(9.0%), headache(6.6%), abrasions(2.9%), intracranial hemorrage(2.4%) and burns(0.5%). 13) 41.5% of the fallers were hospitalized and average of hospitalization was 22.3 days. 14) The six fallers(1.46%) died from fall injuries. The two fallers died from intracranial hemorrage and the four fallers died of secondary infection; pneumonia(2), sepsis(1) and cell lulitis(1). It is suggested that 1) Further study is needed with larger sample size to identify the fall risk factors. 2) After the fall accident, comprehensive nursing care and regular physical exercise should be emphasized for the elderly person. 3) Safety education and safety facilities of the public place and home is necessary for fall prevention.

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소아 요골 원위부 불안정 골절의 캐스트 후 안정성에 영향을 미치는 요소 (Risk Factors in Stability after Immobilization of the Distal Radius in Unstable Fractures in Children)

  • 신용운;손종민;박상윤
    • 대한정형외과학회지
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.215-223
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    • 2021
  • 목적: 소아 요골 원위부 골절은 가장 흔한 골절이면서 불안정 골절의 경우 정복 후에도 재전위 위험성이 높아 주의가 요망된다. 이러한 재전위에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대하여 평가해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2011년 2월부터 2018년 6월까지 완전 전위된 소아 요골 원위부 불안정 골절로 본원 외래에서 보존적 치료한 6세에서 14세까지의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 하였다. 전체 대상 환자 44예 중 재전위된 환자들에서 연령, 성별, 석고 지표, 간격 지표, 3점 고정 지표, 골절면 경사도, 관절면에서 골절선까지 거리를 환산한 골절 높이 비, 요골-제2 중수골 각도 등을 측정하여 마지막 골유합 상태에서 남은 각형성의 정도로 결과를 평가하여 비교를 하였다. 결과: 평균 9.2도(0-32.8도) 각형성이 남았으며 범주 내의 결과를 기준으로 하여 10도 미만이 29예, 10도 이상이 15예로 확인되었다. 정복 후 재전위가 발생한 군과 대조군 사이에 평가된 요소들 중 석고 지표들은 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 연령, 성별에서도 군 간에 차이가 없었고, 골절면 경사도, 요골-제2 중수골 각도도 차이가 없었다. 관절면에서 골절선까지의 거리를 환산한 골절 높이 비가 가장 의미 있는 안정요소로 평가되었고(p=0.001) 척골 골절이 동반된 경우도 불안정한 요소로 평가되었다(p=0.019). 결론: 소아 요골 간단부 완전 전위 골절, 특히 요골 골간단-골간 이행부의 골절의 경우 불안정한 골절로 평가되므로 좀 더 주의가 필요하며 충분한 재형성을 기대하기 어려운 연령에서는 만족스러운 결과를 위하여 수술적 치료가 선호될 수 있다.

골반골절 환자의 골절위치와 출혈량간의 상관관계 분석을 통한 대량수혈 필요에 대한 간단한 예측도구 개발: 골반골 출혈 지수 (Development of Simple Prediction Method for Injury Severity and Amount of Traumatic Hemorrhage via Analysis of the Correlation between Site of Pelvic Bone Fracture and Amount of Transfusion: Pelvic Bleeding Score)

  • 이상식;배병관;한상균;박성욱;류지호;정진우;염석란
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.139-144
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: Hypovolemic shock is the leading cause of death in multiple trauma patients with pelvic bone fracures. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple prediction method for injury severity and amount of hemorrhage via an analysis of the correlation between the site of pelvic bone fracture and the amount of transfusion and to verify the usefulness of the such a simple scoring system. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the medical records and radiologic examination of 102 patients who had been diagnosed as having a pelvic bone fracture and who had visited the Emergency Department between January 2007 and December 2011. Fracture sites in the pelvis were confirmed and re-classified anatomically as pubis, ilium or sacrum. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the amount of transfusion, and a simplified scoring system was developed. The predictive value of the amount of transfusion for the scoring system as verified by using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The area under the curve of the ROC was compared with the injury severity score (ISS). Results: From among the 102 patients, 97 patients (M:F=68:29, mean $age=46.7{\pm}16.6years$) were enrolled for analysis. The average ISS of the patients was $16.2{\pm}7.9$, and the average amount of packed RBC transfusion for 24 hr was $3.9{\pm}4.6units$. The regression equation resulting from the multiple linear regression analysis was 'packed RBC units=1.40${\times}$(sacrum fracture)+1.72${\times}$(pubis fracture)+1.67${\times}$(ilium fracture)+0.36' and was found to be suitable (p=0.005). We simplified the regression equation to 'Pelvic Bleeding Score=sacrum+pubis+ilium.' Each fractured site was scored as 0(no fracture) point, 1(right or left) point, or 2(both) points. Sacrum had only 0 or 1 point. The score ranged from 0 to 5. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC was 0.718 (95% CI: 0.588-0.848, p=0.009). For an upper Pelvis Bleeding Score of 3 points, the sensitivity of the prediction for a massive transfusion was 71.4%, and the specificity was 69.9%. Conclusion: We developed a simplified scoring system for the anatomical fracture sites in the pelvis to predict the requirement for a transfusion (Pelvis Bleeding Score (PBS)). The PBS, compared with the ISS, is considered a useful predictor of the need for a transfusion during initial management.

Ebstein 기형의 외과적 치험 (Surgical Treatment of Ebstein Anomaly)

  • 이종호;김병렬
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 1999
  • 배경: Ebstein 기형은 삼첨판, 우심실 및 우심방의 특징적인 변형을 보이는 희귀한 선천성 심질환이다. 이 질환의 외과적인 치료는 삼첨판성형술과 판막치환술로 두가지가 시행되고있으나 가장 좋은 술식에 대해서는 의견이 일치되고 있지는 않다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 1984년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 Ebstein기형의 수술적 교정을 한 8례를 대상으로 하였으며 대상 환자의 연령 및 성별분포, 임상증상, 흉부 방사선학적 소견, 술전 검사소견, 수술소견, 수술방법, 수술 결과등을 비교검토하였다. 결과: 성비는 남자 5명, 여자 3명이었고, 연령분포는 최소 2세에서 최고 28세로 평균연령은 17.6세였다. 모든예에서 전형적인 삼첨판의 변형을 보였으며 동반된 심기형으로는 개방성 난원창, 심방중격 결손증, 폐동맥 협착증이 있었다. 수술적 방법으로는 삼첨판막 치환술과 삼첨판륜 성형술 및 주름 성형술을 각각 4례씩 실시하였다. 술후 합병증으로 Danielson 술식을 받은 2례에서 빈맥이 있었으며 삼첨판 치환술을 받은 2례에서 완전 방실차단이 생겨 인공심박동기를 설치하였다. 2례의 술후 사망례가 있었으며 생존한 6례에서는 술후 평균 64.83 개월간 추적 관찰결과 NYHA class I-II로 별문제 없이 지내고 있고 술전보다 양호한 심기능을 보였다. 술후 5례에서 심초음파를 실시하였고 삼첨판의 역류정도는 술전 중등도이상에서 술후 경증도로 개선되었다. 결론: Ebstein 기형의 수술적 방법의 선택은 각환자의 해부학적 특성에 따라 다르지만, 삼첨판의 기형과 변형이 작고 판막치환이 필요하지않다면 삼첨판륜성형과 주름성형술이 좋은 술식이라고 판단된다.

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