• 제목/요약/키워드: analysis of science textbooks

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Analysis of Inquiry Activities in High School Biology Textbooks Used in China and Korea

  • Kim, Seju;Liu, Enshan
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제32권8호
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    • pp.1367-1377
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    • 2012
  • Inquiry activity is a major source of student investigation which both of the national curriculum standards strongly emphasize for achieving scientific literacy. The purpose of this study was to examine inquiry activities incorporated in high school biology textbooks used in China and Korea. The inquiry activities were examined with regard to inquiry level and science process skills. Bell's and a modification of Padilla's framework were used in these analyses. Results show that the Korean textbooks were more exclusively occupied by simple inquiry activities - None of them provided activity more complex than level 2 inquiry. In addition, the Korean textbooks had uniformly basic science process skills, whereas their Chinese counterparts gave students some challenges for higher level process skills. Therefore, it cannot be guaranteed that the activities in the Korean textbooks are helpful in guiding students toward a gradual progression to high-level inquiry. Implications for inquiry-based science education were suggested based on the results of the study.

물질의 입자적 관점 도입에 대한 초등과학 교육과정 및 교과서 국제 비교 (International Comparison of National Elementary Science Curriculum and Science Textbook on Introduction of Particulate Concept)

  • 심병주;윤희숙
    • 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.147-160
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to compare the elementary science curriculum and textbooks of Korea, the United States, Japan, and Singapore to know how the contents on particulate concept of matter is introduced and expressed. In Korea, particulate concept of matter was adopted as a term for 'molecules' in the 3rd through 6th curriculum, and the term for 'particles' was adopted in the 2009 revised curriculum. In the United States, NGSS adopted the term 'particle' in fifth grade. Japan presented the concept of 'particle' as a core concept of matter in the commentary, and the expressions 'particles' were being introduced in the textbooks. But it did not cover particulate nature of matter at the elementary school level in Singapore. An analysis of elementary textbooks in Korea, the United States and Japan except Singapore showed particulate expressions in 'dissolution', 'state change of water', 'gas pressure and volume', 'combustion and extinguishment' units. Korean textbook was only being introduced in 'dissolution' and 'gas pressure and volume', but in the textbooks of Japan and the United States, water was expressed as particles in 'state change of water' unit. Discussion and implication on the introduction of particulate concept to elementary science curriculum and textbooks were suggested based on the results.

한국과 미국의 초등학교 과학 교과서 분석 (Elementary Science Textbook Analysis of Korea and the United States)

  • 김효남;박도영
    • 과학교육연구지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.258-270
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    • 2009
  • 과학교과서는 한국과 미국에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 교수 학습 자료이다. 과학교육목표와 과학교과내용의 특징을 분석하기 위하여 한국과 미국의 초등학교 과학 교과서를 분석하였다. 한국과 미국의 1학년과 4학년 과학 교과서 각각 100 쪽을 무작위로 선택하여 과학교육목표를 분석하였다. 1학년에서 6학년까지의 생명 영역의 과학 내용이 분석되었다. 한국의 1학년 과학내용은 슬기로운 생활 교과서를 분석하였는데, 슬기로운 생활 교과는 과학교과와 사회교과의 통합교과이다. 미국에서 많이 쓰이고 있는 초등학교 교과서 중 하나인 Harcourt Science의 1학년과 4학년 교과서를 분석하였다. 과학교육목표분석체계는 과학 지식, 과학적 탐구, 과학적 태도, STS, 그리고 과학 철학과 역사로 구성되어 있다. 한국과 미국의 초등학교 과학 교과서의 내용을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 미국의 초등학교 과학 교과서는 과학적 탐구 보다 과학 지식을 더 많이 포함하고 있었다. 한국의 과학 교과서는 과학 지식 보다는 과학적 탐구를 더 많이 포함하고 있었다. 미국의 초등학교 과학 교과서는 생명 영역의 일부 주제에 대하여 한국 보다 더 어려운 내용을 다루었고, 세포나 생태계의 종류에 대해서는 여러 학년에 걸쳐 반복적으로 다루고 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

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중국 초등학교 과학교과서의 삽화 분석 (The Analysis on the Illustrations of the Chinese Elementary Science Textbooks)

  • 이형철
    • 대한지구과학교육학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 2010
  • This study was intended to survey and analyze the illustrations of Chinese elementary science textbooks. The analysis criterion was composed of two categories, the kind of illustration and the role of illustration. The kind of illustration was divided into six subcategories categories such as photograph, picture, illustration, cartoon, diagram and recording sheet. The role of illustration was divided into four subcategories such as motive induction, guidance for learning, the supply of learning material, the presentation of learning result. The findings of this study were as follows. Chinese elementary science textbooks have about 3.55 illustrations per page. Compared with Korean ones, Chinese ones have more illustrations. From the analysis of the kinds of the illustrations on grade basis, it was found that the order of percentage of illustrations of Chinese elementary science textbooks is photograph, cartoon et al.. Photograph is prominent in entire grade. And From the analysis of the kinds of the illustrations on domain basis, the same results was founded. From the analysis of the roles of the illustrations on grade basis showed that both supply of learning material and guidance for learning are dominant in entire grade. The role of supply of learning material is a little more major than that of guidance for learning. From the analysis of the roles of the illustrations on domain basis, it was found that in domain of physics and chemistry the role of guidance for learning is major, and in domain of biology and earth science the role of supply of learning material is major.

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교육과정의 변천에 따른 초등학교 과학과 교과서의 천문에 관한 내용 분석 (Contents Analysis of Astronomy in Science Textbooks of Elementary School according to the Changes of the Curriculum)

  • 최현동;권치순
    • 대한지구과학교육학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.32-42
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to provide meaningful basic materials for organizing a science curriculum in future by analyzing the status and changes of contents about astronomical phenomena in textbooks according to the changes of the science curriculum of elementary school. A main target of analysis is science textbooks of elementary school in curriculums from 1st to 7th. For the analysis, the analytic frame based on contents in astronomy textbooks of teachers colleges and colleges of education was used. The result of the analysis is as in the following. First, astronomy accounted for average about 7% of all pages of textbooks in all of science curriculums. The 1st educational curriculum had the most learning quantity of 10.40%, and the 6th curriculum had the least quantity of 4.39%. These results show that astronomy was not a small part and was considered important in each science curriculum of elementary school considering that earth science accounted for 17-26% of all pages in elementary school science curriculum. Second, the things that have been dealt with in common in all science curriculums from 1st to 7th of elementary school are the shape of the earth, the rotation and the revolution of the earth, the occurrence of the seasons, the apparent motion of the sun, the status and motion of the moon, the movement of a star, the brightness and distance of a star, constellations, the sun, planets and others. These contents are expected to be dealt with continuously as basic contents to organize astronomy regardless of the changes of curriculum. Third, in science curriculum of elementary school, astronomical phenomena based on life experiences regarding the earth, the moon and the sun are mainly dealt with in the first and the second grade. Contents requiring principles-understanding and research are dealt with in the fifth and sixth grade. These results show that elementary school science curriculum dealing with astronomy reflects the developmental stages of students and considers principle of learning possibility.

양성(兩性) 평등 교육의 관점에서 본 초등 학교 "자연" 교과서 분석 (An Analysis of Elementary $"Chay{\tilde{o}}n"$ Textbooks : From a Perspective of Gender Fairness)

  • 신동희
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 2000
  • The textbook is a predominant feature of most classrooms. Because the textbook is an important aspect of educational experience, it is essential that the content of the texts be carefully scrutinized. The purpose of this study was to examine the visual portrayal of gender groups in elementary $"Chay{\tilde{o}}n"$ textbooks developed by the 6th National Science Curriculum. An instrument was developed to analyze the nature and type of activity engaged in by these groups as well as how often members of these groups were portrayed. Data were collected from 8 elementary $"Chay{\tilde{o}}n"$ textbooks. The results show the following two different features. While the elementary $"Chay{\tilde{o}}n"$ textbooks do not show gender-biases in representing science learning activities such as observing, experimenting, measuring, they show distinct gender-stereotyped roles and activities. It is expected that the results of this study are considered in developing the new elementary "Science" textbooks which show gender-fairness.

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제6차, 제7차, 2007년 개정 교육과정 초등학교 과학 교과서의 STS 관련 내용 비교 분석 (Comparative Analysis of STS Contents on Elementary School Science Textbooks in 6th, 7th and Revision 2007 National Curriculum)

  • 이혜림;최현동
    • 대한지구과학교육학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.42-50
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    • 2012
  • The Purpose of this study was to analyze STS contents in elementary school science textbooks according to 6th, 7th and revision 2007 national curriculum. The contents of STS were analyzed by the STS elements of Yager and the STS topics of Piel's standard. Major findings from the analyses are as follows: (1) The STS contents in the science textbooks of the 6th curriculum took up 13.7% and increased to 18.3% in the 7th and 19.0% in the revision 2007, which showed that the textbooks followed the goal of the national curriculum faithfully. (2) Based on the STS elements by Yager's standard, most of STS content is focused on 'Application of science', 'Social problems and issues' and 'Local and community relevance'. (3) Based on the STS topics by Piel's standard, most of STS contents are focused on 'Effect of technological development' and 'Society of science'. These results indicate that recent STS education trends are reflected on the 6th, 7th and revision 2007 textbooks well. However, it is suggested that some improvement is needed, such as diversification of topic.

중학교 과학 교과서의 국제 비교 (International Comparison of Junior High School Science Textbooks)

  • 박윤배
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.19-34
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구는 한국, 미국, 호주, 일본의 중학교 ($7{\sim}9$학년) 과학 교과서를 한 종류씩 선택하여, 포함하고 있는 지식, 과정기능, 활동, 상황, 과학의 본성, 그리고 사용된 통합주제의 양과 형태를 국가별, 학년별, 내용별로 각각 비교해 보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 교과서의 분량은 미국의 경우가 가장 많아 한국의 두배 정도나 되었고, 한국을 제외한 세 나라의 교과서에는 색채인쇄가 많았고, 편집은 2단으로 되어 있었다. 내용별로는 한국과 일본의 교과서에서는 물리, 화학, 생물, 지학의 네 영역이 같은 분량을 차지하고 있었고, 미국의 교과서에는 생물과 지학이, 호주에서는 환경과 STS를 강조하고 있었다. 모든 나라의 교과서에서 '개념'올 가장 많이 사용하고 있었고, 학년이 올라갈수록 '법칙'을 점차 강조하고 있었다. 한국의 교과서는 다른 나라의 교과서에 비해 '법칙'을 많이 다루고 있었다. 한국의 교과서에서 가장 많은 과정기능이 사용되었다. 나라별로는 한국의 교과서에는 비례와 변인통제가, 일본의 교과서에는 상관/인과와 비례가, 미국과 호주의 교과서에는 변인통제와 자료변환이 많이 사용되었다. 미국과 한국의 교과서가 호주나 일본의 교과서보다 훨씬 많은 수의 활동들을 다루고 있었다. 한국, 일본, 호주의 교과서에서는 실험과 관찰 활동이 대부분을 차지하였고, 미국의 교과서에는 관찰, 실험, 조사, 실습, 측정 활동들이 고루 다루어지고 있었다. 한국과 일본, 호주의 교과서에서는 순수과학 상황이 가장 많이 사용되었고, 미국의 교과서에는자연환경 상황이 가장 많았으나, 미국과 호주의 교과서에서는 나머지 상황들이 골고루 사용되고 있었다. 과학의 본성을 상당한 정도로 다루고 있는 호주와 미국에 비해, 한국과 일본의 교과서에서는 이에 관한 부분이 극히 적거나 전혀 없었다. 과학과 기술 간의 통합소재가 가장 많이 사용되었으며, 과학내 소재는 가장 적게 사용되었다. 한국과 일본의 교과서에서는 다른 나라에 비해 적게 사용하고 있었다.

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제7차 초등학교 교육과정 교과서의 환경 관련 내용 분석 (The Analysis of Contents Related to Environmental Education in the Elementary School Textbooks of 7th Korea National Curriculum)

  • 최영분;노경임;민병미
    • 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this research is to analyze the contents related to environmental education(EE) in the elementary school textbooks for the following areas: well-balanced EE, and development of EE curriculum/teachers' guide in elementary school level. For the purpose of this analysis, elementary school teachers, education administrators and EE specialists were involved. Eleven content areas of EE, namely: natural environment, artificial environment, population, industrialization, natural resources, pollution, environmental conservation, environment sanitation, environment ethics, environmentally sound and sustainable development(ESSD), and daily li(e as a consumer, were analyzed. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1. There are total 1,140 contents related to EE in the elementary school textbooks of 7th Korea National Curriculum. 2. The textbooks of grade 6 contain the most number of EE contents, while the least number is in the textbooks of grade 3. 3. The subject that includes EE contents equally in its textbooks is social studies, and the subjects that relate a lot to EE are Korean language, science, and social studies respectively. 4. The content areas that are included a lot in textbooks are' natural environment', 'pollution', and' environmental conservation' respectively, while the contents of 'population','industrialization', 'ESSD' are included to a lesser degree. The content area most frequently mentioned in the textbooks is 'pollution', and the number of the contents are increasing along with the grade level. 5. Generally, the content areas of 'population', 'industrialization', and 'natural resources' are reflected in the textbooks to a lesser degree than others. 'Industrialization' is not included in the textbooks of grade 2, while 'population' is not included in ones of grade 4. According to the result, more concern about balanced EE in content areas is needed at the elementary school level. Similar studies tot K and secondary school levels are needed. The developmental study of EE guide book and teacher training for teaching EE using the book are also recommended.

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Analysis of the oral health unit of elementary school health textbooks

  • Park, Jung-Eun;Hwang, Su-Yeon;Jang, Jong-Hwa
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the textbook content, specifically that of the oral health units, of Korean elementary health textbooks in order to discuss oral health education in elementary schools through textbooks. Methods: The study analyzed the "oral health" units of six health textbooks for students in the fifth and sixth grades of elementary school in Korea. It identified the number of pictures, practice contents, and summaries in the textbooks, calculating the proportion of oral health units relative to the total number of pages in the textbook and comparing the learning goals provided by the WHO with the education contents. In addition, the study also analyzed several keywords from the textbooks in terms of whether they relate to oral health. Results: The comprehensive analysis on the oral health units within the three health textbooks analyzed revealed that all three were similar, except that the textbook from publisher A did not include an introduction. The three textbooks also had differences in terms of the organization of the contents. In terms of the learning goals of the oral health units, there were differences between the WHO standards and the learning goals from the textbooks, with the WHO standards only partially reflected. The analysis also showed that there were more keywords on oral diseases than those related to oral health management and prevention. Conclusions: Improvements should be made regarding the learning goals and education topics of health education in order to ensure that children receive a more systematic oral health education in their earlier years, which will help to develop and correct oral health management habits among elementary school students.