• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.989-994
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• 2011

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a common problem throughout intensive agriculture areas (non-point source pollution). Current processes (e.g. ion exchange and membrane separation) for nitrate removal have various disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate electrochemical method such as electroreduction using bipolar ZVI packed bed electrolytic cell to remove nitrate from groundwater at field pilot. In addition ammonia stripping tower continuously removed up to 77.0% of ammonia. Bipolar ZVI packed bed electrolytic cell also removed E.coli. In the field pilot experiment for groundwater in 'I' city (average nitrate 30~35 mg N/L, pH 6.4), maximum 99.9% removal of nitrate was achieved in the applied 600 V.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 석탄회로부터 물리화학적인 방법에 의해 제오라이트 펠렛을 제조하고 이를 이용하여 폐수중의 암모니아에 대한 흡착 제거능 및 그 제거 특성을 조사하였다. 암모니아 흡착 실험은 다단계 흡착방식으로 흡착용 시료는 본 실험에서 제조한 제오라이트 펠렛과 천연 제오라이트 2종을 흡착 제거에 대한 비교실험시료로 사용하였다. 흡착실험은 그 단계를 일정 시간동안에 흡착이 일어나기 시작하는 초기, 흡착이 진행되는 중기, 흡착이 종료되는 말기로 나누어 각 흡착의 단계 및 사용하는 컬럼의 수에 따른 흡착량의 변화 등을 조사하였다. 흡착이 종료된 후의 흡착 효율은 천연 제오라이트의 경우 64.5%와 78.5%였으며, 본 실험에서 제조한 제오라이트 펠렛은 80.5%로 다른 시료에 비해 많은 양의 암모니아를 흡착하였다. 처리수의 암모니아 농도에 따른 흡착량의 변화는 암모니아의 농도가 증가할수록 흡착량도 따라서 증가하였다. 처리수의 pH변화에 따른 흡착량의 변화는 pH가 산성영역에 서 보다는 중성이나 알칼리 영역에서 보다 많은 양의 암모니아를 흡착하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

This study aimed to obtain equilibrium concentration on adsorption removal of ammonia nitrogen by activated carbon, to express the adsorption characteristics following Freundlich isotherm and also, based on the value obtained, to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics of activated carbon and dynamics of ammonia nitrogen removal by obtaining rate constant and effective pore diffusivity. The results summarized from this study are as follows. It was noted that powdered activated carbon showed better adsorption ability than granular activated carbon. The value of constant (f) of Freundlich isotherm of powered activated carbon was $4.6{\times}10^{-8}$ which is bigger than that of granular activated carbon. The adsorption rate constant on ammonia nitrogen of powered activated carbon with high porosity and low effective diameter was highest as 0.416 hr-1 and the effective pore diffusivity ($D_e$) was lowest as $1.17{\times}10^{-6}cm^2/hr$, and the value of ammonia nitrogen adsorption rate constant of granular activated carbon was $0.149{\sim}0.195hr^{-1}$. It was revealed that, with the same amount of dosage, the adsorptive power of activated carbon with lower effective diameter and bigger porosity was better and its rate constant was also high. With a little adsorbent dosage of 2 g, there was no difference removal ability of ammonia nitrogen as change of adsorption properties.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.590-593
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• 2001

The effect of salinity on the nitrification efficiency of the nitrifier consortium was evaluated for the nitrification of saline wastewater. The nitrifier consortium, which was the activated sludge acclimated with ammonium as the only energy source, was used as the nitrifier for the salt acclimation. Airlift reactors for the nitrification of ammonia with increasing concentration in saline synthetic wastewater (35 g/I NaCD, and synthetic wastewater without salt as a control, were continuously operated with the nitrifier consortium for 43 days. The ammonia removal rate was about 23g ammonia-N/$m^3$/day in both the absence and presence of the salt. An accumulation of nitrite was observed in the saline nitrification reactor at an early period. However, the nitrite decreased to less than 1 mg/l after 39 days of operation. The salinity increased the acclimation time of the nitrifier consortium to obtain a stable marine nitrification system. However, the salt acclimated system showed the efficient removal of ammonia which was same as that without salt.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2002

제오라이트와 벤토나이트 시료를 사용하여 누용액중의 암모니아 성분을 제거하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 실점에 사용한 제오라이트와 벤토나이트 분말은 국내업체에서 제공한 시료를 별도의 정제과정을 거치지 않고 사용하였다. 수용액 pH측정결과 암모니아 수용액의 초기 pH 5.5~5.7에서 제오라이트 혹은 벤토나이트 첨가시 pH 가 상승하어 최대 pH 8.5까지 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다. ammonium acetate 용액을 사용한 침출법으로 제오라이트와 벤토나이트의 C.E.C.를 측정한 결과 제오라이트는 129.7 meq/100gr을 또한 벤토나이트는 65.1 meq/100 gr의 수치를 나타냈으며, 두 경우 모두 $Na^{+}$ 이온이 전체 C.E.C. 중 가장 많은 부분을 차지하였다. 제오근라이트와 벤토나이트에 의한 암모니아 제거시 순수 이온교환반웅에 의한 것과 함께 물리적 흡착에 의한 암모니아 제거현상도 동시에 나타나는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 벤토나이트 보다는 제오라이트에 의한 수용액중 암모니아 제거가 보다 효과적이었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.376-381
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• 2019

In this study, a poly(vinyl) alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) mixture was used to fabricate core-shell structured gel beads for autotrophic single-stage nitrogen removal (ASNR) using aerobic and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB and AnAOB, respectively). For stable ASNR process, the mechanical strength and oxygen penetration depth of the shell layer entrapping the AAOB are critical properties. The shell layer was constructed by an interfacial gelling reaction yielding thickness in the range of 2.01-3.63 mm, and a high PVA concentration of 12.5% resulted in the best mechanical strength of the shell layer. It was found that oxygen penetrated the shell layer at different depths depending on the PVA concentration, oxygen concentration in the bulk phase, and free ammonia concentration. The oxygen penetration depth was around $1,000{\mu}m$ when 8.0 mg/L dissolved oxygen was supplied from the bulk phase. This study reveals that the shell layer effectively protects the AnAOB from oxygen inhibition under the aerobic conditions because of the respiratory activity of the AAOB.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

Ammonia is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, refrigerants, stabilizers and many household cleaning agents. These wide applications resulted in ammonia contamination in water. Ammonia can be removed from water by physical, biological, and chemical methods. Ozonation is effictive in the treatment of water with low concentration of ammonia. This study is undertaken to provide kinetic data for the ozonation of ammonia with or without hydrogen peroxide. The results were as follows; The destruction rate of ammonia increased gradually with the influent hydrogen peroxide concentration up to 0.23 mM and inhibited in the range of 0.23~11.4mM, and the maximum removal rate of ammonia achieved at 0.23mM of hydrogen peroxide, and the overall kinetics was first order. The combination effect of hydrogen and ozone to oxide ammonia in aqueous solution was better than ozone alone. The reacted ammonia was converted completely to nitrate ion.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2008

In this paper an optimum design of a lab-scale biofilter for absorbing ammonia has been proposed and analyzed. This biofilter is using pine chaff and wood shaving as filter materials. It is assumed that the biofilter can be used as a storage tank of swine manure slurry or swine stall. To evaluate the biofilter performance, the ammonia, mainly offensive odor ingredient, was measured. Swine compost was mixed with filter materials in ratio of 1:1 on weight base. Each test continued for 20 days. The ammonia emissions were reduced by 97.9% and 98.3% in case of using biofilter filled with pine chaff and compost, and wood shaving and compost, respectively. The system was tested with and without adding compost. It was found that the biofilter with wood shaving and compost has an ammonia removal efficiency of 94.1%, while biofilter with wood shaving only has 85.3%. The biofilter with wood shaving and compost showed 8.8% higher removal efficiency than that of wood shaving only. By mixing the compost, the number of microorganism was found to be about 2.3 times more than that of wood shaving only. Therefore it can be concluded that adding compost has a positive effect on the formation of microorganism.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

Removal of ammonia using the porous ceramic biofilter inoculated with earthworm casts was characterized. By assuming a plug air flow in the biofilter and applying the Michaelis-Menten equation, the maximum removal rate of $NH_3$ was $280.7g-N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$($18.0g-N{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) at $30^{\circ}C$. $NH_3$ removal rate was increased as temperature increases from $15^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. The maximum removal rate was $285.8g-N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$($18.8g-N{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) at $35^{\circ}C$. At $15^{\circ}C$, the $NH_3$ removal rate was $122.8g-N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$($8.1g-N{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$). When 210 ppm $NH_3$ was supplied to the biofilter at space velocity of $220h^{-1}$, the removal efficiency of $NH_3$ at 15, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ was 80, 90, 95, and 96%, respectively. The removal rate of the ceramic biofilter was 3 to 15 times higher than other biofilters comparing the removal efficiency of $NH_3$ per unit volume of carrier. This result indicates that earthworm casts and porous ceramics are very good inoculum source and carrier, respectively, for the $NH_3$-degrading biofilter.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.508-514
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• 2017

부영양화로 인한 녹 적조류가 과잉 번식하여 다양한 환경문제를 야기해왔으나, 최근 조류를 에너지원으로 활용할 수 있는 바이오 디젤 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 특히 하수처리장의 산소공급을 위한 송풍에너지 절약을 위해 미세조류의 광합성 작용으로 발생하는 산소를 하수처리장에 적용시키는 연구도 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 조류광합성 산소를 질산화에 필요한 산소로 활용하고자 실험실 규모의 조류-질산화 반응조를 운영하였으며, 운전구간은 크게 3구간으로 운전하였다. MLSS(Mixed Liquer Suspended Solid) 농도에 변화를 준 구간에서 24~38 %, Micro-algae 농도에 변화를 준 구간에서는 38~50%, 그리고 HRT(Hydraulic Retention Time)에 변화를 준 구간에서 61~80%의 암모니아성 질소 제거율이 나타났다. 연구결과 MLSS 가 감소함에 따라, Algae Biomass가 증가함에 따라 암모니아성 질소 제거율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, MLSS에 의한 영향보다 Algae biomass 에 의한 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.