• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.467-474
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• 1999

Objectives: Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 770 women with primary (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210) to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of amenorrhea. Materials and Methods: In 770 women with primary amenorrhea (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210), chromosomal analysis were performed. Results: 1) The most prevalent age group is 16-20 years of age group with primary amenorrhea and 26-30 years of age group with secondary amenorrhea. 2) Out of 560 cases of primary amenorrhea, 343 cases (61.3%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 217 cases (38.7%) had the abnormal chromosome constitution including 46,XY. 3) In 217 cases of abnormal chromosome of primary amenorrhea, 57 cases (26.3%) had 45,X and 34 cases (15.8%) had the 46,XY, 24 cases (11.0%) had 45,X/46,X,i (Xq), 23 cases (10.6%) had 45,X/46,X,+mar and 14 cases (6.6%) had 45,X/46,XY. 4) Out of 210 cases of secondary amenorrhea, 181 cases (86.2%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 29 cases (13.8%) had the abnormal chromosome. 5) In 29 cases of abnormal chromosome of secondary amenorrhea, 7 cases (24.1%) had 45,X/46, X,i (Xq), 4 cases (13.8%) had 45,X/46,XX. Conclusion: High percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was diagnosed in primary amenorrhea and most of them were sex chromosome anomalies. In secondary amenorrhea, the prevalence was lower than primary amenorrhea, so a preselection of patients with secondary amenorrhea for cytogenetic investigations seems to be necessary.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate the causes of amenorrhea in Korean women. Methods: Medical records from 1,212 women with amenorrhea who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, between January 1989 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Amenorrhea was categorized as either primary or secondary. Results: Primary amenorrhea was identified in 132 of the patients (10.9%) and secondary amenorrhea in 1,080 (89.1%). The most frequent causes of primary amenorrhea were gonadal dysgenesis (28.0%, 37/132); Mayer-Rokitansky-K$\ddot{u}$ster-Hauser syndrome (20.0%, 27/132); and constitutional delay and androgen insensitivity syndrome (8.3%, 11/132; 8.3%, 11/132, respectively). Secondary amenorrhea was due to polycystic ovary syndrome (48.4%, 523/1,080); premature ovarian insufficiency (14.0%, 151/1,080); and nutrition-related hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (8.3%, 90/1,080). Conclusion: In this retrospective study, gonadal dysgenesis was the most common cause of primary amenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome was the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea in Korean women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.47-56
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• 2016

Objectives: We evaluated the effect of Korean medical treatment in case of irregular menstruation (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea) due to Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods: 20 Amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea Patients with PCOS were treated with Korean medical treatment at least 3 months. We analyzed clinical data of 20 patients and checked effectiveness of treatment through the change of menstrual pattern.Results: After Korean medical treatment, Patients who complained menstrual irregularity due to PCOS were improved in menstrual condition. Among 14 amenorrhea patients, 12 patients (85.7%) started menstruation within 3 months. Among 6 Oligomenorrhea patients, 4 patients (66.7%) got better menstruation pattern than before.Conclusions: PCOS Patients who got Korean medical treatment showed better condition in menstruation pattern. Amenorrhea patients started menstruation without contraceptive pill and oligomenorrhea patients got better menstruation cycle.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.192-200
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• 2006

Women with moderate weight loss have secondary or primary amenorrhea. The amenorrhea. which is usually reversible with weight gain, decreased exercise. or both, is due to hypothalamic dysfunction. But 30% of amenorrheic women with weight gain is irreversible. Recently we experienced one case of secondary amenorrhea with severe weight loss, as oriental medicine treatment secondary amenorrhea is cured, so report a medical treatment course and result.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2003

Objective:To find out the optimal assessment that can relieve amenorrhea associated with risperidone. Methods:Sixteen female outpatients who have taken risperidone for more than 3 months reported voluntarily amenorrhea during Nov 2001 to May 2002. Since the reports of the amenorrhea, the resolution of amenorrhea has been prospectively followed during the next six months. The dosage of risperidone was reduced or discontinued in nine of sixteen patients, while risperidone was switched to olanzapine or quetiapine in other 7 patients according to the clinician's decision. Results:Fourteen of 16 patients showed higher levels of prolactin than normal level. Five patients of the risperidone-reduction group recovered from the amenorrhea while all subjects of the drug-switch group recovered. The resolved patients of the former group recovered from amenorrhea in the dosage below 3mg per day of risperidone. Two patients of the risperidone-reduction group were dropped out during the reduction. Conclusion:These findings suggest that risperidone-induced amenorrhea may be alleviated by reducing dosage to less 3mg per day(including discontinuation) or by switching to other antipsychotic drugs. Whether we would choose which method depends on patient's clinical status, diagnosis, and dose of medication and so on.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-171
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• 2001

Objective: To study the etiology of primary amenorrhea in 19-aged woman. Materials and Methods: Case report. Results: I found that there were not gonads and organ of mullerian ducts origin on diagnostic laparoscopy. She was normal 46XX on chromosomal study and normal external genitalia except short vaginal canal. Conclusion: It is very rare that absent gonads and lack of mullerian ducts with 46XX female and primary amenorrhea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental medicine on 2 patients with secondary amenorrhea. Methods: The patients who had secondary amenorrhea were treated by oriental medical treatments such as herbal medication(Gami-joukyung-tang, Gwibi-tanggagam-bang), acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Results: After oriental medical treatments, the patients could have their periods again and their menstrual condition was improved. Conclusion: This case report shows that the oriental medical therapy is effective for treating secondary amenorrhea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2011

Objectives: To report the effect of oriental medicine on 2 patients with secondary amenorrhea caused by autoimmune disease and thyroid grand disease. Methods: The patients who had secondary amenorrhea caused by autoimmune disease and thyroid grand disease were treated with the oriental medical treatments such as herbal medication, herbal acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Results: After the oriental medical treatments, the patients could have their menstrual cycle again and menstrual condition was also improved. Conclusion: This case report shows that the oriental medical therapy is effective for curing secondary amenorrhea caused by autoimmune disease and thyroid grand disease.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) on amenorrhea which oligomenorrhea has become worse. and to investigate the change of body temperature measured by Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI). Methods : The patient in this case was 29-year-old female. The chief complain was amenorrhea which oligomenorrhea has become worse. We treated her by TKM. and evaluated the progress of symptoms by DITI. And then We compared DITI before treatment and after treatment. Results :After TKM treatment. the differences of temperature between Indang(印堂) and the four abdominal sites(CV4,6,12,17) were decreased on DITI. respectively. Conclusion : TKM treatment is effective on amenorrhea which oligomenorrhea has become worse. And DITI could be useful to assess the amenorrhea objectively. But more research should be needed.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is investigate the characters of DITI, HRV and Body composition analysis in Amenorrhea. Methods : We studied 47 patients visiting OO hospital from 1st October 2007 to 19st September 2009. The subjects were categorized in two groups, amenorrhea group(26) and normal group(21). We studied the difference of DITI, HRV and Body composition analysis between two groups by Mann-whitney test using SPSS for windows(version 12.0). Results : there is not statistically significant difference of DITI, HRV and BMI between amenorrhea group and normal group. But there is statistically significant difference of percent body fat and waist-hip ratio between amenorrhea group and normal group. Conclusion : Percent body fat and Waist-Hip ratio of amenorrhea groups is lower than normal groups. Percent body fat and Waist-Hip ratio can be diagnosis index.