• 한국보건간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2002

Alcoholism affects not only the individuals who depend on it, but also their families. Children who have an alcohol dependent parent have various problems and need help, but little attention has been given to them. Many references report only negative characteristics of these children. In order to help the children of alcohol dependent parents, health professionals need more information. A wholistic understanding and analysis of these children is needed as a basis for the development of suitable programs of help them. A phenomenological methodology was used to identify the experience of children whose fathers were addicted to alcohol. The findings portray the essence of the lived experience of children of alcohol dependent fathers. Nine adolescents participated in in-depth inverviews and observation with the researcher, done between October and December 2001. The data were recorded on audio tape and transcribed. Sampling was continued until the data were theorectically saturated. The Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Three themes and twenty six meanings were identified. The first theme is Living Alone: living abusively as partner to an alcohol dependent father, living dangerously like an explosive fury, living as an object that ha no self, living with rejection of fatherly being, living with felt responsibility but having no power to help mother who suffers patiently with pain and abuse, living along with no shoulder to lean on, and living with the prejudice of sex discrimination. The second theme is Paradoxical Coping in Life. The meanings are obsessive behavior as a way to control father's behavior, always on the defensive due to anxiety and tension, being afraid of life alone due to paranoid thoughts, contradictory expectation about father's drinking behavior due to life with chronic tension, stress becoming familiar and life being boring and tendious without stimulation, life that is fake and filled with misinterpretations about reality, affection sought from others due to loneliness, compensatory life within peer group, negative expectation about the future due to negative experiences, controling others to protect ego, denial of real emotion to protect self from hurt, life of regretting self, and strong need for approval from others. The third theme is sustaining life. The meanings are ambivalence between revenge on father and pity, struggle for desirable self against fear of gather-like image, understanding father through self reflection, hope to find fatherly being through father's recovery, being able to stand through emotional control and cognitive restructuring, nurturing the seed of hope for the future while in a situation of desperation. The contribution of this study is to give a wholistic understanding of the empirical reality of children of alcohol dependent parents and to develop substantive theory in nursing knowledge. In nursing practice, the results of this study can provide a foundation for the development of programs for children of alcohol dependent parents.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.127-153
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• 2004

In the absence of a male provider the state must decide how far and under what conditions it will provide for the mother and her children. In the case of lone mothers, there are three main possible sources of income: the labour market, the absent father, and the state. However, the relative proportions of these three sources vary significantly from country to country as well as from individual to individual within the group of lone parents. Until very recently the UK has been alone among countries of the EU in allowing lone parents to draw benefits without making themselves available for work so long as they have dependent children. However, in the 1990s, the UK government introduced major changes to his policies regarding lone parents. The UK government attempted to restrict the role of the state as a source of income for lone parent families. At the beginning of the 1990s, the emphasis in the UK was put on securing more money from 'absent fathers' to maintain. However, the policy was unsuccessful and by the mid-1990s attention to the only other possible source of income for lone parent families, the labour market, was stepped up, notwithstanding the ambivalence of politicians about the desirability of women with young children entering employment. From 1998 the Labour government introduced a series of reforms aimed at reducing both worklessness and poverty by raising welfare payments to families both in and out of work, improving financial incentives to work and introducing a more proactive welfare system. The results presented here suggest that these policies have raised the employment rates of lone parents by around 5 percentage points, or 80,000. These employment gains have come from a welfare reform package that does not require lone parents to search for jobs, or uses time limits in welfare programmes. In addition these gains have been achieved despite generous increases in welfare payments for lone parents who do not work. These earnings gains combined with the more generous welfare are making rapid progress in reducing lone parents' poverty.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2017

It is to provide the basic materials for the development of a cadaver practice program, the anatomical, educational programs, etc. by confirming the experiences by the nursing college students of the human body anatomy observations using the Cadaver Model. It was intended to understand the meaning and the essence of the experiences by the nursing college students of the human body anatomy observations using the Cadaver Model by selecting the Colaizzi Analysis Method with the materials collected from the interviews with 2 focus group teams. Regarding the essential structure, 6 categories were arrived at, including 'The ambivalence regarding the cadaver practice', 'Running into the true reality', 'Learning a valuable thing', 'The mind for facing the human beings has become deep', 'The feeling that I am gradually becoming a person who tends the sick', and 'The deliberations regarding the sound giving. It was confirmed that, not only with the understanding of anatomy through the cadaver practices, but, also by experiencing and worrying about the understanding, the life and the respect, the death, the ethics regarding the job, etc. the nursing college students were gradually becoming the persons tending the sick.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.81-107
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• 2009

This study is to understand, in the view of resilience, the experience of military widows, whose husbands died while on active military duty and have lived as single mothers for a long time. This study using a qualitative research method based on Phenomenology, especially using Colaizzi's process of data analysis. 99 meaningful sentences, 26 themes, and 10 theme clusters has been categorized from the interview of 9 military widows, who has been participated a self-help group for them. The 10 theme clusters are 'denial and grief over the death of spouse', 'ambivalence over the duty of their husbands', 'acceptance of the helpless fate and arduous fight to live', 'sorrow in the social and historical context', 'responsibility and endeavoring of parenting', 'self-existential challenge', 'immanent belief system as a military widow'. 'effort to find self-identity in the outer systems', 'wish to reassure their existence', and 'to find the meaning of life after husband's dead'. These their self respect and feeling of honor have become their belief system in their life, which they have raised their children and take their responsibilities with their best effort. The self-help group has helped them to find their self-identity and has sustained emotionally healthy. This group has been also empowering them through their voices being heard to the outside society. They have made an effort which their existence is recognized by the country and the military system. The findings of this study can be used as a system to gather opinions and to provide information and program which may be accepted politically and then applicable and integrated social work service through the social support system and networking.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.301-322
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• 2008

Pauline Hopkins's Of One Blood; Or, the Hidden Self was published in the Colored American Magazine during 1902-03. As a literary experimentalist and a political protester, Hopkins uses her fiction as a medium to overcome and ameliorate the violently racialized surroundings of the turn-of-the-century America. Having been faced with racist rhetorics and theories growing on biological differences between races, Hopkins must have felt an overwhelming urgency to challenge the heritage of slavery in American history. In order to speak out her political agenda in such a milieu, she needed a new setting as well as new narrative materials for the new era. She had to move the setting from America to Africa, the ancient utopian Ethiopia; her interest in the ancient African civilization reflects both a popular African-American vision of Africa and the movement of "black nationalism" of the time. She also needed materials from nineteenthcentury sciences, the newly evolving theories of psychology and mysticism (spiritualism/mesmerism), to explore the meaning of "the hidden self" which unfolds the complex nature of Hopkin's position on race, "blood," and African-American racial subjectivity. Hopkins in the novel explores not the color line but the bloodline. Tracing the horrific legacy of incest in the history of slavery, she attempts to redefine the true racial identity of African-Americans in America and to reconstruct their past, both family and race history. At the very center of her major tropes in the novel-such as "of one blood," "the hidden self," and incest-exists female body. Black female body, though it represents the violent site of sexual body (rape and incest) in slavery, ultimately becomes a vehicle to convey and preserve the truth of racial memory/past/history for African-Americans. As a conveyor of the past, black women not just connect the past and the present but also reawaken AfricanAmericans with the legacy of the African 'pure' bloodline. Hopkins's vision here necessitates the reevaluation of black women's role in family and history, heralding the 20th-century black feminine writing. With the major tropes, Hopkins clearly suggests that the blood of (African-)Americans is unrecognizably intermixed. Although the novel ends with ambivalence and without resolution on what Africa signifies, those tropes certainly offer her a vehicle for criticizing as well as for challenging the racial reality of America.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.54
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• pp.107-153
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the marriage decision-making process and experience of the 'Older women-Younger men couple' and presenting a substantive theory to explain the decision-making process that married women experience of 'Older women-Younger men couple'. This in-depth interviews were conducted 11 female people among 32-48 years of 'Older women-Younger men couple.' Analysis of the data was applied to the "grounded theory" method of Qualitative research methods suggested by Strauss and Corbin(1998). Research questions of this study is that what is the experience of the marriage decision-making process to 'Older women-Younger men couple?'. After analyzing the data to the grounded theory method 75 concepts and 29 sub-categories, 14 categories were derived. Older women experienced a central phenomenon of 'ambivalence of love and anxiety'.'Older women-Younger men couple's marriage decision-making process of the women had to 'step adjustment', 'acceptable level', 'Step enacted', and 'Older women-Younger men couple's core category of married women in the decision-making process' was 'Intimacy based on the trust each other beyond the prejudices of the differences'. This study is meant by presenting the basic data provided professional counseling intervention measures for 'Older women-Younger men' couple by collectively Understanding the decision-making process of Older women-Younger men couple married.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.35-69
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• 2014

This study was conducted to explore initial motherhood experience of non-married mothers who decided to raise their babies. We applied Rennie's hermeneutic grounded theory for this study in which 7 non-married mothers participated. 9 hermeneutic categories which are 'decision to give birth', 'feeling of hitting bottom', 'ambivalence toward a life in stomach', 'realization of motherhood', 'motherhood anxiety', 'the bridle of social tag', 'hope of motherhood', 'encounter with new self' and 'visage of weary life' were constructed based on 145 meaning units, 34 subordinate categories. The core category that integrates motherhood experiences of participants was postulated as living with two conflicting visages of motherhood which are a cure and a poison at the same time. Motherhood experience processes were emerged in five stages which are decision to give birth, psychological frustration, realization of motherhood, confusion, and hope and discouragement of motherhood. Three types of motherhood experience were analyzed in the study which are adaptative, conflictive, and resistant. Based on the result of the study, the motherhood experience of non-married mother who decided to raise their babies are the process of emergence of new identity called mother. The non-married mothers formed their motherhood identities as they internalize socioculturally granted motherhood ideology. Moreover, the gap between socially oriented motherhood and realistic role of motherhood led to confusion. Based on this study, we suggest intervention plans to the field of social welfare practice that will support initial motherhood of non-married mothers who decided to keep their babies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.195-205
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• 2021

As Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a pandemic, most nursing departments in Korea implemented online non-face-to-face practices rather than the existing practice method. This study was a qualitative study that analyzed the reflection diaries written by participants to understand what they experienced in the online non-face-to-face adult nursing practice process. The online non-face-to-face adult nursing practice was 90 hours for two credits and nine hours per day for a total of 10 days. This online practice consisted of computer-based simulation practice, computer-based nursing skills practice, video and educational material production, real-time online quiz, online lecture video, and discussion. As a result of analyzing the reflection diary, six categories, 13 subcategories, and 33 codes were derived. The six categories were 'Experience of various situations', 'Experience of new study', 'Fulfillment for the clinical practice', 'Building relations with professors', 'Fear of being a pre-nurse', and 'Ambivalence for the non-face-to-face practice'. These results are significant in that in the post-corona era, adult nursing practice was conducted as a non-face-to-face practice rather than a clinical practice institution, and various educational methods were operated. This study is expected to provide important basic data for the development and operation of non-face-to-face adult nursing practice.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.59-93
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• 2017

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the relationship between cinema and Giorgio Agamben's aesthetics and philosophy. Intersecting Agamben's key concepts including gesture, mediality, biopolitics, historicity, and profanation with historical and aesthetic dimensions of cinema, I argue for his ambivalent view on cinema and visual media. On the one hand, Agamben linked cinema and visual media to his discussion on biopolitics and spectacle as he considered them as apparatus for capturing and controlling gestures. On the other hand, he also argued that cinema could restore the image with capacity to preserve and recuperate gestures based on his consideration of montage as cinema's key aesthetic and technical component (an operation of profanation) and his Benjaminian thought on the ways in which montage suspended linear flow of images and activated an alternative memory of them. Drawing on history of cinema and optical devices in the 19th and early 20th centuries as well as examples of found footages of filmmaking predicated upon stoppage and repetition of images, I argue that Agamben's concept of potentialities can be extended into his thought on cinema and visual media apparatuses in general.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.252-264
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of the essence through the parenting experience of the mother with ADHD child and to divide the parenting experience into the domains and categories. The data was collected through several depth interviews with 12 semi-structured questionnaires of the mother with ADHD child. The analysis of the data has adopted a consensus qualitative research method(CQR) that describes the phenomenon based on the collected data and can deduce inductive conclusions. Through CQR, various experiences of ADHD mothers were deeply analyzed. Through the consensus process, 12 cases were combined and quantified to understand the overall pattern and specificity. As a result, 11 domains and 51 categories were derived. The 11 areas were classified as 'Ignorance of ADHD symptom', 'Confronting ADHD diagnosis', 'Peripheral reaction after ADHD diagnosis', 'Acceptance of ADHD diagnosis', 'Ambivalence for medication', 'ADHD active treatment intervention', 'Family support','Social support', 'Social perception change', and 'Mature parent'. This suggests that early treatment and intervention for ADHD child is significant. Also, appropriate intervention is required based on accurate understanding through acceptance of ADHD diagnosis and that parent education can lead to positive life for child and mother of ADHD. Finally, based on this, I made suggestions the future research.