• Title/Summary/Keyword: alzheimer disease

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Cognitive Improvement Effect of Resplex Alpha A in the Scopolamine-induced Mouse Model

  • Bong-geun Jang;Youngsun Kwon;Sunyoung Park;Gunwoo Lee;Hyeyeon Kang;Jeom-Yong Kim
    • CELLMED
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    • v.13 no.14
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    • pp.14.1-14.9
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    • 2023
  • Administration of Scopolamine can be considered a psychopharmacological model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We made an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by administering Scopolamine to Blab/c mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of Resplex Alpha on memory impairment and cognitive function in mice in a mouse animal model of Scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Through Y-mazed and passive avoidance behavioral assays, we observed that Resplex Alpha recovered Scopolamine-induced short-term memory and cognitive functions. The results of our study imply that Resplex Alpha may be beneficial in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The Effect of Bee Venom on Acetylcholine Esterase Activity during Scopolamine Induced Memorial Impairment (봉약침액(蜂藥鍼液)이 Scopolamine으로 기억장애(記憶障碍) 유발(誘發) 시 Acetylcholine Esterase 활성에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Song, Jeong-Yeol;Song, Ho-Sueb
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.117-127
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    • 2006
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease associated with aging in the human population. This disease is characterized by the following 4 structural changes : Atrophy of the Cortex, Parasympathetic, and other neural cells, the existence of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and the accumulation of Senile plaques. NFTs and Senile plaques is known to be the index of this disease. Senile plaques disturbs the neutro transmission and depletes of Acetylcholine. So, Recovery of Acetylcholine is the primal objective for treating Alzheimer's disease. So, Inhibiting the activity of Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE), which causes the hydrolysus of acetylcholine into choline and acetate, can be seen as a key role for treating Alzheimer's disease. Increasing body of evidence has been demonstrated that Bee Venom Acupuncture (BV) could compete with complex protein involving in multiple step of $NF-_{\kappa}B$ activation and exert the anti-inflammatory potential of combined inhibition of the prostanoid and nitric oxide synthesis systems by inhibition of IKK and $NF-_{\kappa}B$. BV dose-dependently attenuated Scopolamine-induced Acetylcholine esterase activities in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the mice brain. This study therefore suggests that BV acupuncture method may be useful for prevention of development or progression of AD.

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The Association of Heavy Metal of Blood and Serum in the Alzheimer's Diseases

  • Lee, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Jae-Hoon;Choi, Dal-Woong;Lee, Dong-Woo;Park, Jun-Hyun;Yoon, Hye-Jung;Pyo, Hee-Soo;Kwon, Ho-Jang;Park, Kyung-Su
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2012
  • This study has attempted to establish an analysis method through validation against heavy metals in the body (Pb, Cd and Hg) using ICP-MS and Gold amalgamation and find out the relevance between heavy metal and Alzheimer's disease after analyzing the distribution of heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd and Hg) and correlations between a control group and Alzheimer's disease group. In this study, Pb and Cd levels in the blood and serum were validation using ICP-MS. For analysis of Hg levels in the blood and serum, the gold amalgamation-based 'Direct Mercury Analyzer' has been used. According to an analysis on the heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd and Hg concentration) in the blood, Cd concentration was high in the Alzheimer's disease group. In the serum, on the contrary, Pb and Hg were high in the Alzheimer's disease group. For analysis of correlations between heavy metal levels in the blood and serum and Alzheimer's disease, t-test has been performed. Even though correlations were observed between the blood lead levels and Alzheimer's disease, they were statistically insignificant because the concentration was higher in a control group. No significance was found in Cd and Hg. In the serum, on the other hand, no statistical significance was found between the heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Hg) and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, no statistical significance was observed between heavy metal and decrease in cognitive intelligence. However, it appears that a further study needs to be performed because the results of the conventional studies were inconsistent.

Development of Biochip Sensors for Blood Biomarkers Specific to Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostics (알츠하이머 질병 진단을 위한 혈액 바이오마커 검출용 바이오칩 센서 개발)

  • Kim, Suhee;Lee, Sang Hyuk;Lee, Hye Jin
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.397-403
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    • 2017
  • The number of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease is increasing year after year and almost approaching 15% of the total elderly population. Although it is critical to detect the early stage of Alzheimer's disease, which is a serious illness causing cognitive deficits, various existing diagnosis methods such as MRI, PET and CSF analysis could be the burdens for patients due to their high costs and long time to diagnosis. In order to tackle some of challenging issues for such existing diagnosis methods, extensive efforts have been made on developing fast and convenient biochip sensing methodologies for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with a droplet of patient biofluids (e.g., blood). In this mini-review, we highlight some of the latest biochip sensing technologies that could qualitatively and quantitatively analyze blood biomarkers used for Alzheimer's disease diagnostics and discuss briefly related research trends and future aspects.

Systemic Literature Review Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Novel Alzheimer's Disease Treatments (새로운 알츠하이머 치료제의 안전성 유효성에 관한 체계적 문헌고찰)

  • Shinung Park;Harin Chang;HyunSoon Sohn;MiKyong Shim
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.290-304
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    • 2023
  • Background: Innovative Alzheimer's disease drugs received approval in the United States in 2021 and 2023. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of these novel treatments, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and compare their impact on cognitive function improvement with approved drugs. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of pivotal clinical studies related to Alzheimer's disease treatments in PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from January 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this systematic review. When compared to the placebo, the new drugs did not exhibit a statistically significant effect on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) (mean difference= -0.04, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -0.31, 0.23, N=3662, I2=0%). However, they demonstrated a significant impact on ADAS-cog (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale) (standardized mean difference= -0.15, 95% CIs: -0.2, -0.1, N=6710, I2=17%). When compared to the approved drugs, the new drugs showed a statistically significantly lower effect on MMSE (test for subgroup difference Chi2=23.13, N = 5870, p<0.00001) but showed only a trend of decreased efficacy on ADAS-cog (Chi2=1.16, N = 8670, p=0.28). Conclusion: New drugs yielded diverse clinical endpoint results compared to the placebo, and in comparison to existing approved drugs, they exhibited lower efficacy in improving cognitive function. The safety profile of these new drugs, as reported in clinical trials, was generally well-tolerated.

A Comparative Study of [F-18] Florbetaben (FBB) PET Imaging, Pathology, and Cognition between Normal and Alzheimer Transgenic Mice

  • Thapa, Ngeemasara;Jeong, Young-Jin;Kang, Hyeon;Choi, Go-Eun;Yoon, Hyun-Jin;Kang, Do-Young
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2019
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly prevalent in dementia, with no specifically effective treatment having yet been discovered. Amyloid plaques are one of the key hallmarks of AD. Transgenic mouse models exhibiting Alzheimer's disease-like pathology have been widely used to study the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we showed an age-dependent correlation between cognitive function, pathological findings, and [F-18] Florbetaben (FBB) PET images. Nineteen transgenic mice (12 with AD, 7 with controls) were used for this study. We observed an increase in ${\beta}$-Amyloid deposition ($A{\beta}$) in brain tissue and [F-18] FBB amyloid PET imaging in the AD group. The [F-18] FBB data showed a mildly negative trend with cognitive function. Pathological findings were negatively correlated with cognitive functions. These finding suggests that amyloid beta deposition can be well-monitored with [F-18] FBB PET and a decline in cognitive function is related to the increase in amyloid plaque burden.

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract reduces amyloid-β aggregation and delays cognitive impairment in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease

  • Miyazaki, Honami;Okamoto, Yoko;Motoi, Aya;Watanabe, Takafumi;Katayama, Shigeru;Kawahara, Sei-ichi;Makabe, Hidefumi;Fujii, Hiroshi;Yonekura, Shinichi
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that induces symptoms such as a decrease in motor function and cognitive impairment. Increases in the aggregation and deposition of amyloid beta protein ($A{\beta}$) in the brain may be closely correlated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the effects of an adzuki bean extract on the aggregation of $A{\beta}$ were examined; moreover, the anti-Alzheimer's activity of the adzuki extract was examined. MATERIALS/METHODS: First, we undertook thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the effect of an adzuki bean extract on $A{\beta}_{42}$ aggregation. To evaluate the effects of the adzuki extract on the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in vivo, $A{\beta}_{42}$-overexpressing Drosophila were used. In these flies, overexpression of $A{\beta}_{42}$ induced the formation of $A{\beta}_{42}$ aggregates in the brain, decreased motor function, and resulted in cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Based on the results obtained by ThT fluorescence assays and TEM, the adzuki bean extract inhibited the formation of $A{\beta}_{42}$ aggregates in a concentration-dependent manner. When $A{\beta}_{42}$-overexpressing flies were fed regular medium containing adzuki extract, the $A{\beta}_{42}$ level in the brain was significantly lower than that in the group fed regular medium only. Furthermore, suppression of the decrease in motor function, suppression of cognitive impairment, and improvement in lifespan were observed in $A{\beta}_{42}$-overexpressing flies fed regular medium with adzuki extract. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal the delaying effects of an adzuki bean extract on the progression of Alzheimer's disease and provide useful information for identifying novel prevention treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

Platelets as a Source of Peripheral Aβ Production and Its Potential as a Blood-based Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease (말초 아밀로이드 베타 원천으로서의 혈소판과 알츠하이머병의 혈액 바이오마커로서의 가능성)

  • Kang, Jae Seon;Choi, Yun-Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.12
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    • pp.1118-1127
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    • 2020
  • Alzheimer's disease causes progressive neuronal loss that leads to cognitive disturbances. It is not currently curable, and there is no way to stop its progression. However, since medical treatment for Alzheimer's disease is most effective in the early stages, early detection can provide the best chance for symptom management. Biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, pathologic tau, and neurodegeneration. Aβ deposition and phosphorylated tau can be detected by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis or positron emission tomography (PET). However, CSF sampling is quite invasive, and PET analysis needs specialized and expensive equipment. During the last decades, blood-based biomarker analysis has been studied to develop fast and minimally invasive biomarker analysis method. And one of the remarkable findings is the involvement of platelets as a primary source of Aβ in plasma. Aβ can be transported across the blood - brain barrier, creating an equilibrium of Aβ levels between the brain and blood under normal condition. Interestingly, a number of clinical studies have unequivocally demonstrated that plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios are reduced in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Together, these recent findings may lead to the development of a fast and minimally invasive early diagnostic approach to Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, especially the involvement of platelets as a source of peripheral Aβ production and its potential as a blood-based biomarker.

PET studies in Alzheimer Disease and Other Degenerative Dementias (알쯔하이머병과 다른 퇴행성 치매에서의 양전자방출단층촬영)

  • Jeong, Yong;Na, Duk-L.
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2003
  • Neurodegenerative disorders cause a variety of dementia including Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's disease. PET scan is useful for early detection and differential diagnosis of these dementing disorders. Also, it provides valuable information about clinico-anatomical correlation, allowing better understanding of function of brain. Here we discuss recent achievements PET studies regarding these dementing disorders. Future progress in PET technology, new tracers, and image analysis will play an important role in further clarifying the disease pathophysiology and brain functions.

Alzheimer Disease detection and analysis using P300 componenet of ERP in Alzheimer type Dementia (사상관련전위 P300 요소를 이용한 알츠하이머형 치매의 탐지와 분석)

  • 박은혜;이영혁;임재환;김종우;황의완;김현택
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.148-152
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    • 2002
  • This study is to develop the Alzheimers disease (AD) detection and analysis system using event-related potential (ERP) of AD patients. We recorded ERP in an auditory oddball paradigm in mild AD (n=25), severe AD (n=12), age-matched normal aged controls (n=17), and young controls (n=7). The amplitude and latency of target P300 components were compared among 4 groups. The relationship between P300 measures and neuro psychological test (K-DRS) scores were evaluated by correlations. The latency of P300 was prolonged in AD and the effects were correlated with the severity of dementia. The P300 amplitude was not affected significantly in AD. Theres no difference between normal aged group and young group. These results suggest that the P300 component is specifically affected by Alzheimer type dementia.

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