• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of wilting and additives on fermetation characteristics, quality and aerobic stability of silage of rye(Seca1e cereale L.) harvested at the early heading stage. Harvested rye was wilted or mixed with beet pulp and then treated with formic acid or lactic acid bacteria(LAB) inoculant. Treatments were consisted of direct cut(DC), wilted(WT), beet pulp added(BP), direct cut and formate applied(DF), wilted and formate applied(WF), beet pulp and formate applied(BF), direct cut and LAB inoculated(DL), beet pulp added and LAB inoculated(BL), and wilted and LAB inoculated(WL) silages. Afler 70 days of ensiling period, the silages were opened and exposed to air for 7 days, and the silages of opening day(0 day) were compared with the silages exposed to air for 7 days(7 day). 1. LAB inoculated rye silages(DL, WL, BL) lowered pH values effectively eom the third day of ensiling and showed most stable pattern of pH changes during the initial fermentation process. Direct cut and formate applied(DF), beet pulp and formate applied(BF) and beet pulp added(BP) silages were also effective in lowering pH from the seventh day thai direct cut treatment(DC). 2. pH was low below 3.7 in all treatments of 0 day. After 7-day period of aerobic exposure, DL and WL showed considerable increases in pH from 3.5 and 3.4 to 8.3 and 6.4, respectively. 3. Direct cut rye silages(DF, DC, DL) and beet pulp and formate treatment(BF) produced effluent of 121.2, 85.9, 80.3 and 34.2 mlkg, respectively and these were greater than others(P<0.01). Beet pulp retained 1.61 I/kg of effluent at the application rate of 50 kg/t in comparing BP with DC, and formate application increased the amount of effluent in comparing DF and BF with DC and BP, respectively(P<0.01). 4. Beet pulp and LAB treatment(B1) was highest in content of lactate as 3.1% and formate treated silages(DF, WF, BF) showed lower content of lactate and total acid than others. LAB inoculated(D1, WL, BL) and wilted (WT) silages were graded to be good quality as a second group by the Flieg's score. Formate applied silages (DF, WF, BF) were graded as a foum group lower than DC by one. 5. Residual content of WSC of rye silage was higher in BP, BF, DL and BL than direct cut treatment(M3) (P< 0.01). Formate application had a tendency to increase the content of residual content of WSC. 6. For the ratio of NH3-N to Total N, wilted and LAB inoculated(W1) and direct cut and LAB inoculated(D1) silages were lowest on 0 day as 8.9 and 9.3% respectively. But after 7-day period of aerobic exposure, WL and DL showed largest increase of the ratio of $NH_3-N$ to Total N from 0 day(P<0.01). 7. On 0 day wilted(WT), beet pulp and formate treatment(BF), and beet pulp and LAB treatment(B1) were lower than direct cut treatment(DC) for NDF and ADF concentrations consistently. Formate applied silages (DF, WF, BF) made little change in ADF and NDF concentrations during 7 day period of aerobic exposure. DL and WL showed a large increase in ADF and NDF concentrations under aerobic condition(P<0.01). 8. IVDMD values of wilted(WT), beet pulp added(BP), wilted and LAB inoculated(W1) and beet pulp added and LAB inoculated(B1) silages were higher than direct-cut treatmentPC) as 84.7, 84.7, 84.4 and 83.0%, respectively on 0 day. But during 7-day period of aerobic exposure, a great decreae in IVDMD of WL was showed(P<0.01). The experimental results indicate that wilted silage(WT) could be recommended as the most effective treatment for reducing efluent and increasing quality and feed value of rye silage without deteriorating aerobic stability more than direct cut treatment(DC). Additionally, under unfavorable weather condition beet pulp added and LAB inoculated treatment(T3L) might be the possible alternative for successful ensiling of forage rye.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2019년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.421-422
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• 2019

영화에서 비선형적 플롯의 대표작인 <펄프픽션>은 전통적인 3막 구조 내에서는 평이할 수 있는 사건을 비선형적 플롯팅 설계를 통해, 극적 사건으로 변화시키고 캐릭터를 강조하고 있다. 따라서 <펄프픽션>의 플롯팅은 보다 입체적인 사건 설계를 위한 대안을 제시하고 있다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

The crop production technologies keep in improving and the cultivation becomes more standardization owing to the significant developments of various agricultural materials. The artificial soil and base system for root could be one of the major technologies for the modern cultivation especially for controlled horticulture. Although the perlite, cocopeat, and peat moss are the major components of the artificial soil and are broadly used for various application, there is a great need for the new alternative materials for overcoming the low nutrition and the possible shortage of raw materials. In this study, the application of oil palm EFB fiber as an alternative materials for artificial soil especially for the seeding pad components was evaluated. The changes in the structural properties and the functional properties such as moisture holding properties were compared by laboratory produced seeding pads with different mixture of oil palm EFB fiber. The addition of fibrillated EFB fiber resulted in the significant increase in durability of the seeding pad, which showed the possible application of EFB fiber to the seeding pad instead of the wood fiber (UBKP). The moisture holding properties and the germination condition characteristics of the EFB fiber showed the slight less than those of the cocopeat, which require more sophisticated study for improving the functional properties of seeding pad made of the EFB fiber.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the possible use of a new inorganic material as alternative filler in the paper industry. The inorganic material is a mineral composed of calcium sulfate, that is generated when manufacturing phosphate fertilizer. The inorganic material was dehydrated by the thermal treatment to $200^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, $700^{\circ}C$, and $900^{\circ}C$ to prepare white filler powders. Their basic properties, including color, particle shape, elements, and average particle size were identified. To determine the effect of new inorganic filler on paper's physical properties and strength, handsheets were prepared from HwBKP, SwBKP, and thermal treated inorganic fillers. Handsheets' ISO brightness, opacity, bulk, breaking length, and stiffness were measured. Results confirmed that thermal treated inorganic filler could be beneficial to the bulk and opacity of paper while maintaining higher level of breaking length and stiffness that is achieved using talc.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2007

Statement of problem: A tenderness of the dentin after tapering of teeth for dental prosthesis is a common phenomenon. In practice, the alternative desensitizer may be used for minor pain after tapering of teeth. Purpose: In this study, the desensitizers were used to investigate the affect decreasing of shear bond strength according to the use of various cement, such as resin, Glass Ionomer, and phosphate cement. Material and method: Three different desensitizers were used on this study Compositions of two dentin desensitizers were HEMA(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) and glutaraldehyde. The other one is oxalic acid. Three dentin desensitizers applied on 12 degrees taper teeth. Then, Ni-Cr crowns were bonded with Resin cement, Zinc Phosphate (ZPC) cement and Glass Ionomer (GIC) cement. 120 human premolar teeth were used for specimens. The specimens were divided into four group as the reference and the empirical each with thirty specimens, then further divided into 12 group according to type of desensitizers and cement types. The shear bond strength were measured by Instron multi task instrument. Results: According to the result, the measured shear bond strength in order from the weakest to the strongest in general was ZPC, Resin, and GIC. And it is found that the application of desensitizers on dentin surface does not affect the shear bond strength. Conclusion: Dentin desensitizers that alleviate or prevent a dentin tenderness, usually contains HEMA and glutaraldehyde compounds. Such desensitizers are widely used in clinical studies. By applying the dentin desensitizer on the exposed dentin surface, the dentin capillary are blocked and periodontal membrane and cementum can not be drawn in pulp cavity. Since HEMA and glutaraldehyde may cause harm to the pulp cavity, an alternative desensitizer was developed.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2014

The applicability of oil palm EFB(Empty Fiber Bunch) to the papermaking process as a functional organic filler was investigated in this study. Since the EFB has similar chemical composition to the lignocellulose materials such as wood fiber, the fines of EFB was applied to the handsheet paper as an alternative to wood powder which were used as an organic filler to improve water removal efficiency and bulk. The experiments showed that the EFB fines resulted in the higher water removal efficiency at the wet pressing process and leaded to the higher bulk than those of wood powder. In case of 10 % addition of organic filler, the strength properties were not significantly changed. Those results suggested that the EFB could be used as a new organic filler for improving water removal efficiency and bulk property.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

During the last decades, global warming from the increased amount of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide has become a major political and scientific issue. Burning fossil fuels (natural gas, coal and oil) releases $CO_2$, which is also a major cause of global warming. Among the clean environment, wood pellets are considered as promising renewable fossil fuels because of clean burning characteristics, reduction of particulate and NOx emission from combustion. In Korea, more than 50% pellets have to be imported every year because of shortage of feedstocks. On the other hand, about 80% of wood pulps are greatly dependent upon overseas products due to limited forest resources. Under this situation, this study explored how efficiently we have to use forest biomass instead of total dependence on wood as raw materials for pellets.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

Corn stalk, one of the most abundant agricultural residue in the world, was examined in this study to use it as an alternative fiber source of wood fiber. In order to find the proper way to utilize corn stalk more efficiently, the morphological properties and the papermaking properties of the, bast fibers and the corn pith, were evaluated respectively. Although the bast fiber fraction showed comparable properties to those for hardwoods in the fiber properties and the papermaking properties, the pith resulted in low brightness and low drainage rate. But the short and flexible fibers in pith fraction led to dense and compact handsheet structure, correspondingly the higher sheet strength. There big differences in properties between bast fiber and pith should be considered for the fully utilization of corn stalk.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

Mulching technique is used to control the temperature and moisture content of soil by covering the ground surface. Most kinds of mulching film are made of polyethylene which is non-biodegradable synthetic polymer. Utilizing these films has been one of the main sources in soil pollution. Thus residual films under the ground should be removed after a certain period of time. Therefore, an alternative mulching material made of biodegradable functional paper is considered instead of non-biodegradable films. The mulching sheet produced from paper basis has a functionality to be naturally degraded and then recycled to the bio-materials on soil. In this study, the paper based-mulching sheet coated with biodegradable polymer was specially produced using a laboratory bar coater. Coating colors prepared by dissolving PBS/PLA in chloroform were applied to kraft paper. The mechanical strength and aging properties of this mulching sheet were investigated. The burst strength of polymer-coated paper was decreased with the increase of the PBS ratio in PBS/PLA blends, and, in particular, 30/70 blending condition led to good stability in heat-aging atmosphere for 60 days.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

Optical property improvements for ONP (old newspaper) and OMG (old magazine) were attempted by application of in-situ $CaCO_3$ formation process on recycled fiber surfaces. Washing treatment of ONP and OMG resulted in 35~40% yield loss for around 6% brightness improvement. Washing plus bleaching process with $H_2O_2$ and FAS (formamidine sulfinic acid) improved brightness and ERIC values a little more with the same amount of yield loss as washing treatment. In-situ $CaCO_3$ formation method improved those optical properties much better than the washing plus bleaching method without loss of yield, and better than the case of adding high brightness PCC up to the same ash level. It can be said that the in-situ $CaCO_3$ formation method may be used as an effective alternative for upgrading optical properties of recycled fibers.