• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.9-9
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• 2014

Null mutants generated by targeted gene replacement are frequently used to reveal function of the genes in fungi. However, targeted gene deletions may be difficult to obtain or it may not be applicable, such as in the case of redundant or lethal genes. Constitutive expression system could be an alternative to avoid these difficulties and to provide new platform in fungal functional genomics research. Here we developed a novel platform for functional analysis genes in Magnaporthe oryzae by constitutive expression under a strong promoter. Employing a binary vector (pGOF1), carrying $EF1{\beta}$ promoter, we generated a total of 4,432 transformants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We have analyzed a subset of 54 transformants that have the vector inserted in the promoter region of individual genes, at distances ranging from 44 to 1,479 bp. These transformants showed increased transcript levels of the genes that are found immediately adjacent to the vector, compared to those of wild type. Ten transformants showed higher levels of expression relative to the wild type not only in mycelial stage but also during infection-related development. Two transformants that T-DNA was inserted in the promotor regions of putative lethal genes, MoRPT4 and MoDBP5, showed decreased conidiation and pathogenicity, respectively. We also characterized two transformants that T-DNA was inserted in functionally redundant genes encoding alpha-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase. These transformants also showed decreased mycelial growth and pathogenicity, implying successful application of this platform in functional analysis of the genes. Our data also demonstrated that comparative phenotypic analysis under over-expression and suppression of gene expression could prove a highly efficient system for functional analysis of the genes. Our over-expressed transformants library would be a valuable resource for functional characterization of the redundant or lethal genes in M. oryzae and this system may be applicable in other fungi.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2018

Resilience has been widely used in various fields including design and operation of infrastructures. The resilient infrastructures not only reduce the damage scale of various disasters but also reduce the time and cost required for restoration. However, resilience rarely applied to promote efficient management of agricultural infrastructures. Recently, drought is an aggravating disaster by climate change and need countermeasures. Therefore, we tried to demonstrate evaluating measures in case of drought under consideration of resilience. This study applied the robustness-cost index (RCI) to evaluate alternative solution of the supply problem of a large agricultural reservoir under drought conditions. Four structural alternatives were selected to estimate the robustness index (RI) and the cost index (CI) to obtain the RCI values. Structural alternatives are classified into temporary measures and permanent measures. Temporary measures include the development of a tube wells and the installation of the portable pump, while the permanent measures include the installation of a pumping stations and the pumping water to the reservoir (Yeongsan River-Naju reservoir). RCI values were higher in permanent measures than those of temporary measures. Initial storage of the reservoir also affected RCI values of the drought measures. Permanent measures installation and management of early stage of the reservoir storage shortage was identified as the most resilient system.

• 농촌계획
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

This study focus on the pilot case of a scenic landscape agriculture in Go-Chang county for the innovative rural development strategy related the green tourism in Korea. The Go-Chang county in Jeon-Buk province has been progressed the diversified agricultural crops production region. The Go-Chang county is known as the famous cultural tour place that has the many historical and cultural resources (provincial natural park, traditional music, great stone cluster area, military castle walls, good tasted eel food and wine). But, today, the circumstances of global agricultural free trading situations is rapidly proliferated, it invited the depression of the agricultural incomes in rural regions in Korea. So, the Go-Chang county seeks trying to alternative development methods. The new frontier like scenic landscape agriculture is the one of the innovative strategies in this processes. The Go-Chang county selects and supports the scenic landscape agriculture for the new income production policy in connection with the green tourism. This study finds out the important components of the success of a scenic landscape agriculture for the introduction to the new frontier of peen tourism in Go-Chang county. First the scenic landscape agriculture development must be related the 4 season-ecological cultivation methods connected well-being trends. Second, it will be increased the income level of rural people by the competitive the rural green products and diversified green tourism programs which produced by the efforts of the rural people. Third, the success of scenic landscape agriculture and place marketing of rural green tourism depend on the creative community leaders.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.142-163
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• 2009

Taebaek city is located in the mountainous plateau area therefore the major industry was coal industry. According to dramatically declining of the major industry, Taebaek city is need to alternative industry which associated with considering the geographical characteristics of natural tourism resources for increasing the local economy. On the basis of these reasons, this study can be suggested ecological planning and mitigation of deterioration technique about the these study site. That is the reserved area for mountainous experience theme park. As the results of environmental ecology assessment are following as; The natural ecosystem areas, multi-layer structure forest such as forest of Pinus densiflora, forest of Quercus mongolica and deciduous forest have a high value of nature, diversity and potential. In addition, wild bird habitats were important area as a inhabitation, breeding, feeding and hiding. Therefore, on these areas should be preserved. Also, it needs to conserve on there such as more than three types of wild bird inhabitate areas, the fringe of high biological diversity, the wetland that have got good vegetation condition and the function of amphibia, reptiles crossing. In addition, inhabitation, the waterway of wetland form that have got wide waterside width needs to conserve. In conclusion, on the basis of analysis results such as conditions of plan, environment, ecological assessments, survey informations are able to suggest the connectivity of the axis of forest and management plan. Moreover, in the part of forest restoration plan, we suggest the plan of transplant for a compensation of damaged forest by land use.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2007

여주의 부위별 항산화 활성 및 비타민 C의 함량을 조사하였다. 각 부위별 비타민 C의 함량을 보면 미성숙과에서 92.2mg/100 g으로 가장 높게 나타났는데, 이는 줄기에서의 2.5mg/100 g 보다 40배 이상 높은 함량이다. 여주의 각 부위별 메탄올 추출물을 TBA 방법으로 항산화효과를 측정한 결과 잎 추출물에서 0,05로 가장 높은 항산화 효능을 나타냈으며, 이는 추출물이 ascorbic acid와 BHT보다도 항산화력이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 각 부위별 건조시료와 생체시료에서의 SOD, APX 그리고 CAT의 활성을 비교한 결과 건조시료인 경우가 생체시료에서보다 활성이 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 여주가 식물유래 천연 항산화제로서의 높은 가치를 지니고 있으며 앞으로 이에 대한 개발 가능성이 매우 높음을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2012

에너지의 효과적인 저장과 관리는 에너지 공급과 수요의 시간적 양적 불균형을 해소하고, 에너지 이용효율을 향상시킬 수 있다는 점에서 새로운 에너지원을 개발하는 일만큼 중요하다. 열에너지 저장 시스템은 산업폐열이나 태양열과 같은 열원 기반의 에너지를 저장하는 시스템으로서, 대용량 저장 시설에 암반 지하공동을 활용하는 경우 주변 암반의 낮은 열전달 특성과 높은 화학적 안정성을 통해 보다 효율적인 저장 시스템을 구축할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 열에너지 저장 방식과 저장 매질의 일반적인 특성과 열에너지 저장사례에 대하여 살펴보고, 지하공동을 활용한 열에너지 저장 시스템에 대한 각 저장 매질의 적용성에 대해 개괄적으로 검토하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.659-667
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• 2020

Muscle stem cells isolated from domestic animals, including cows and pigs, were recently spotlighted as candidates for the production of alternative protein resources, so-called cultured meat or lab-grown meat. In the present study, we aimed to optimize the in vitro culture conditions for the long-term expansion of pig muscle stem cells via the screening of various signaling molecules. Pig muscle stem cells were collected from the biceps femoris muscles of 3-d-old crossbred pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, LYD) and cultured in minimum essential medium-based growth media. However, the pig muscle stem cells gradually lost their proliferation ability and featured morphologies during the long-term culture over two weeks. To find suitable in vitro culture conditions for an extended period, skeletal muscle growth medium-2, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580), was used to support the stemness of the pig muscle stem cells. Interestingly, pig muscle stem cells were stably maintained in a long-term culture without loss of the expression of myogenic marker genes as determined by PCR analysis. Immunostaining analysis showed that the stem cells were capable of myogenic differentiation after multiple passaging. Therefore, we found that basal culture conditions containing EGF, dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor were suitable for maintaining pig muscle stem cells during expanded culture in vitro. This culture method may be applied for the production of cultured meat and further basic research on muscle development in the pig.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.53-53
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• 2022

Modem agricultural production needs to provide sustainable management practices that are eco-friendly and low cost. Plant extracts are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plant growth regulators. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of various plant extracts produced using different extraction methods on the vegetative growth of rice under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For this study, seventeen plant extracts were made from plant species such as leaves of M. arvense, C. asiatica, M. oleifera, V. radiata, V. unguiculate, P. guajava, A. vera, and A. tuberosum, aboveground plant parts of C. rotundus, M. sativa, and P. frutescens, roots of R. undulatum, tubers of A. sativum, leaves and stems of G. max (cv. Taegwang) as well as rice straw and hulls (cv. Hopyeong). As a test crop, we applied these extracts to rice plants. For the purpose of making our extracts, some plant materials and species were collected in fields and others were purchased from Chonnam Hanyaknonghyup Cooperation (South Korea). Leaves, roots, and aboveground plant parts of plant species were dried, ground, extracted (water, boiling water and ethanol) and fermented. Rice growth promotion effects were determined using plant extracts at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% concentrations under petri dish conditions. Seven selected plant extracts were applied to rice seeds with soil drench application or seedling at 3-4 leaf stages with soil and foliar applications under greenhouse conditions. For comparison with extracts, we used urea at 0.6%. Of the 17 water extracts used in this study, 10 extracts reduced rice growth, but the other 7 extracts (P. guajava, A. vera, A. tuberosum, M. sativa, A. sativum, and G. max) increased growth by 40-60% on compared to the control in Petri dish bioassay. Thus, these 7 extracts were selected for further study. Under greenhouse conditions, rice growth also increased by 20-40% when the same 7 extracts were applied to rice seeds using soil drench application. Furthermore, at the 3-4 leaf stage rice growth also increased 30-80% or 30-60% when the same 7 extracts were applied using soil and foliar applications. Overall, the 7 extracts produced higher rates of growth promotion when soil drench application was used than when foliar application was used. In the case of boiling water and ethanol extracts, rice growth increased only 20% in response to both soil drench and foliar application of the same 7 extracts. Rice growth promotion was greater when extracts were produced using water extraction method than boiling water and ethanol extraction methods. Most notably, the 7 water extracts used in this study produced higher rates of growth promotion than urea at 0.6% which is typically used for crop growth promotion. Overall, the 7 water extracts when applied using soil drenching method can be used as effective growth promotors of rice in organic agriculture.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.147-177
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• 2013

자연환경자산의 자산가치 측정을 위한 연간 총편익은 가구당 지불의사의 추정과 아울러 수혜 모집단, 즉 시장영역에 의해 결정된다. 국내의 기존문헌에서는 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 적용하되, 전국 가구 수를 일률적으로 비사용가치를 포함한 총편익 측정을 위한 목표 모집단으로 설정하였다. 본 연구는 전라북도 도립공원 4곳을 사례로 방문객들의 거주지 분포에 근거하여 잠재적 사용자 그룹을 시장영역으로 설정하였을 경우 연간 총편익과 자산가치 측정에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 전북지역 인근거주자들이 주를 이루는 모악산 방문객들의 지불의사 표본평균이 8,215원으로 가장 높았고, 전국에서 방문객들이 골고루 분포된 선운산의 경우 지불의사 표본평균이 4,693원으로 낮았다. 전국가구수를 목표모집단으로 적용했을 때 모악산의 연간 총편익과 자산가치가 860억원과 1조6천억원 정도로 가장 높은데 반하여 선운산은 각각 520억원과 1조원 정도로 낮았다. 반면에 잠재적 사용자 그룹을 산정하여 시장영역을 설정하였을 때, 선운산의 연간 총편익과 자산가치가 230억원과 4천억원 정도인데 반하여, 모악산은 100억원과 2천억원 정도로 선운산의 절반에도 미치지 못하였다. 나아가서 같은 도립공원에 대해서도 시장영역 설정방식에 따라 자산가치가 2배에서 8배까지 차이가 난다는 것을 실증적으로 분석하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.861-867
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• 2007

본 연구는 가뭄시 제한급수를 할 경우 이에 대한 소비자의 지불의사를 추정코자 하였다. 7대 특 광역시와 32개 가뭄상습지역에 거주하는 일반인을 대상으로 가정용수 수요패턴과 가뭄을 고려한 가정용수의 가치를 추정하였다. 조사결과 상대적으로 부유한 특 광역시 주민들은 수돗물의 수량보다는 수질을 더 중요하게 생각하였고 상습가뭄지역의 주민들은 수질도 중요하지만 수량의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 지불의사 추정을 위한 설문은 양분선택형과 개방형을 혼합하였고, 모형은 Tobit모형을 이용하였다. 예상대로 교육수준이 높을수록, 가구수가 많을수록, 소득이 높을수록 지불의사가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 가뭄으로 인해 가정용수의 25% 제한시 일인당 WTP가 약 2,010원으로 추정되었다. 그러나 예상과는 반대로, 50% 제한시에는 25% 경우 보다 조금밖에 증가하지 않았다. 이는 소비자들의 조세저항 때문이기도 하고 실제 그 같은 가뭄을 경험하지 못했기 때문일 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 실제 가뭄상황에 대한 소비자들의 WTP는 본 연구보다 훨씬 높을 것으로 판단된다. 중앙정부 및 지방정부들은 가까운 미래에 찾아올지도 모르는 가뭄으로 인한 물부족에 대비하여 보다 효율적인 물공급 및 분배체계를 갖추어야 할 것이며 소비자들 역시 생활용수의 확보를 위해 현재의 물 값 이상의 비용을 지불할 의사가 있음을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 정부는 상수도의 급수체계조정 및 비상시 대체수자원을 확보할 수 있는 대안을 시급히 강구해야 한다.