• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

기존의 경질유가 고갈됨에 따라 새로운 자원개발이 필요해지고 있다. 석유화학산업의 수요를 충족하기 위하여 중질유 혹은 비투맨 등과 같은 중질원료를 사용하고 있다. 비투맨은 복잡하고 고리가 긴 탄화수소의 일종으로 오일샌드로 부터 얻을 수 있는데, 캐나다 앨버타에 매장되어 있는 오일샌드로부터 약 8,300억 배럴의 오일을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 추정된다. 본 보문에서는 (1) 오일샌드, 비투맨, 중질유의 기본 개념, (2) 오일샌드에서 오일을 뽑아내는 방법들, (3) 업그레이드하여 합성원유(synthetic crude oil)를 만드는 방법, (4) 기술의 경제성 평가 등에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) used among degenerative arthritis patients in Korea. Method: This study used a descriptive survey method. Study subjects of the study were 278 degenerative arthritics selected from hospitals located in Kyungpook province and Daegu city. Data were collected between February 15, 2007 and March 31, 2007. Results: 62.6% of degenerative arthritics had used CAM. Manipulative Methods has shown to be one of the most effective methods on CAM. The utilization of CAM may be interpreted mainly due to the desperate need find therapeutics of their disease by all possible means (57.5%). Major factors that affect the decision of the patient include family, relatives, friends(42%), and the other patients who were in the similar circumstance (32.8%). Effectiveness of CAM has shown the following result "for complete cure of symptoms(77.0%), for health promotion (42.0%) and for psychological stabilization (29.9%)". 43.7% of the patients answered that they stopped of using CAM because of non-effectiveness. Conclusion: This study found that CAM among degenerative arthritic patients was a popular alternative method. Therefore, some nursing-oriented intervention method is needed together with a systematic guidelines of CAM usage is required.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2019

As online services become more and more popular due to the development of IT, non-face-to-face transactions are continuously increasing rather than face-to-face transactions. The personal identity proofing service(PIPS) based on the alternative method of the resident registration number is used for the purpose of confirming the identity of the other party on the Internet. However, in the case of the current PIPS, the personal information of the PIPS user is excessively provided to the online service provider. As a result, privacy problems of online users, shortage of choice of information providing options, and lack of differentiation of authentication methods are becoming problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to improve the PIPS based on the current resident registration number alternative method and to provide a method to differentiate the provision of excessive personal information. In the proposed method, we analyze trends and current status of overseas online PIPS in order to provide a method of providing differentiation of personal information and proposes an effective improvement method applicable to domestic.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2010

오늘날 현대인들은 건강한 삶, 질적인 삶을 영위하기 위하여 부작용 없이 손쉽게 자신을 관리하는 방법들을 모색하게 되었고 최근에는 각종 보완대체의학에 대한 관심이 점차 늘어나고 있다. 보완대체 의학이란 미국에서 사용되는 학술용어로서, 그동안 문제가 되어온 현대 의학적 난제들을 해결하는 대안으로 제시할 수 있는 자연치료의 의학적 방법들을 총칭하고 있다. 이러한 보완대체의학이 지금보다 더 활성화되기 위해서는 이용자의 주관성에 기초한 연구가 있어야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 주관적 유형분석 방법인 Q방법론을 활용하여, 보완대체요법 선호에 관한 유형과 유형에 따른 특성을 파악함으로써 특성에 대한 이해를 높이고 선호요인을 찾아내어 보완대체의학을 실제적으로 적용하기 위한 사정시 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 그 결과 3가지 유형-'생물/약용식물요법 선호형' (제1유형), '혼합 선호형' (제2유형), '수기요법 선호형' (제3유형)-으로 구조화됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

The intensive habitats loss of natural organisms as a consequence of anthropogenic activities has lead to the use of alternative habitats for species conservation. We reviewed the current status of alternative habitats and suggest the improvement of alternative habitats. Most of alternative habitats regarded in this study are not following the pre-arranged consultation at environmental impact assessment. These alternative habitats are rendered useless due to the insufficient consideration of ecological characteristics of species and lack of detailed plans. A number of alternative habitats are influenced by disturbance such as environmental pollution and construction. Post-monitoring of alternative habitats are needed to estimate immigration rate of species. Post management is also needed to assess the status of population stability. Overall, low effectiveness of alternative habitats is presented in this study. According to the status survey, methods for improvement of alternative habitats are required such as detailed guidelines, establishment of post-monitoring system, improvement of habitat restoration techniques, and guidelines for management and operation of alternative habitats.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.181-199
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• 2015

In a short history, RNA-seq data have established a revolutionary tool to directly decode various scenarios occurring on whole genome-wide expression profiles in regards with differential expression at gene, transcript, isoform, and exon specific quantification, genetic and genomic mutations, and etc. RNA-seq technique has been rapidly replacing arrays with seq-based platform experimental settings by revealing a couple of advantages such as identification of alternative splicing and allelic specific expression. The remarkable characteristics of high-throughput large-scale expression profile in RNA-seq are lied on expression levels of read counts, structure of correlated samples and genes, larger number of genes compared to sample size, different sampling rates, inevitable systematic RNA-seq biases, and etc. In this study, we will comprehensively review how robust Bayesian and non-parametric methods have a better performance than classical statistical approaches by explicitly incorporating such intrinsic RNA-seq specific features with flexible and more appropriate assumptions and distributions in practice.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1992

A great numbers of cultural properties destroyed though attack by insect pests and microorganisms. Biodeterioration damage is particularly serious in this country because many cultural propertiese are made of organic materials. Recently, there are various countermeasures of biodeterioration or alternative methods are reported, such as Gamma Radiation, Micro-wave Irridation, Freezing, Inert Atmosphere (Oxygen-less atmosphere), and Environmental Control. However its practical application are limited and some difficulties for treatment of large objects. Fumigation is one of the most useful and effective methods of control biodeterioration because it gives less damage of cultural properties but rapidly eradicate infesting organisms at one action. This paper evaluated selected fumigants and fumigation methods with emphasis on the following paragraph:1) Effectiveness of selected fumigants on insects and microbes involved inbiodeterioration.2) Physical and chemical characters of selected fumigants.3) Less toxic new alternative fumigant and its mixtures.4) Inert atmosphere (Oxygen-less atmosphere)5) Methods of fumigation : Sealed fumigation, Covered fumigation and Vacuum fumigation (Reduced-pressure fumigation)

• 약학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

Development of alternative testing methods for the replacement of hazardous reagents with less hazardous ones is strongly enforced because exposure of human and environment to hazardous reagents are restricted and hazardous reagents are gradually prohibited from using in various testing methods. Thus, in this study, we developed 8 monographs from the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex by substituting the use of the hazardous reagents including ICH class 1 such as benzene, chloroform and dioxane to the use of less toxic ones like ICH class 2 or 3 reagents. We also improved their qualification and quantification performance. Among 8 monographs, the 6 newly developed TLC methods for the identification of nifedipine, oxolamine citrate, ketoprofen lysinate, chlorquinaldol, retinol acetate, and riboflavin showed a clear spot of corresponding material without any interference in spite of the replacement with ICH class 2 or 3 reagents. For the quantification of domperidone and trimebutine, HPLC methods were developed for the substitution of UV/VIS spectrometry and titrimetry, respectively. These HPLC methods were validated for the linearity, recovery, reproducibility, and inter-laboratory variations. In conclusion, the newly developed methods could be expected to become valuable tools for revising the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2024

Background: The increasing need to minimize animal testing has sparked interest in alternative methods with more humane, cost-effective, and time-saving attributes. In particular, in silico-based computational toxicology is gaining prominence. Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a biological map depicting toxicological mechanisms, composed of molecular initiating events (MIEs), key events (KEs), and adverse outcomes (AOs). To understand toxicological mechanisms, predictive models are essential for AOP components in computational toxicology, including molecular structures. Objectives: This study reviewed the literature and investigated previous research cases related to AOP and in silico methodologies. We describe the results obtained from the analysis, including predictive techniques and approaches that can be used for future in silico-based alternative methods to animal testing using AOP. Methods: We analyzed in silico methods and databases used in the literature to identify trends in research on in silico prediction models. Results: We reviewed 26 studies related to AOP and in silico methodologies. The ToxCast/Tox21 database was commonly used for toxicity studies, and MIE was the most frequently used predictive factor among the AOP components. Machine learning was most widely used among prediction techniques, and various in silico methods, such as deep learning, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics, were also utilized. Conclusions: We analyzed the current research trends regarding in silico-based alternative methods for animal testing using AOPs. Developing predictive techniques that reflect toxicological mechanisms will be essential to replace animal testing with in silico methods. In the future, since the applicability of various predictive techniques is increasing, it will be necessary to continue monitoring the trend of predictive techniques and in silico-based approaches.

• Korean journal of medical education
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply alternative standard setting methods for the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE), a criterion-referenced written examination, and to compare them to the conventional cut score used on the KMLE. Methods: The process and results of criterion-referenced standard settings (i.e., the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods) were evaluated. The ratio of passing and failing examinees determined using these alternative standard setting methods was compared to the results of the conventional criteria. Additionally, the external, internal and procedural evaluation of these methods were reviewed. Results: The modified-Angoff method yielded the highest cut score, followed sequentially by the conventional method and the bookmark method. The classification agreement between the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods was 0.720 measured by Cohen's ${\kappa}$ coefficient. The intra-panelist classification consistency of modified-Angoff method was higher than bookmark method. However, the inter-panelist classification consistency was vice versa. The standard setting panelists' survey results showed that the procedures of both methods were satisfactory, but panelists had more confidence in the results of the modified-Angoff method. Conclusion: The modified-Angoff method showed results that were more similar to those of the conventional method. Both new methods showed very high concordance with the conventional method, as well as with each other. The modified-Angoff method was considered feasible for adoption on the KMLE. The standard setting panelists responded positively to the modified-Angoff method in terms of its practical applicability, despite certain advantages of the bookmark method.