• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.454-461
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• 2010

The new SOLAS regulation permits the alternative design approach for the approval of designs which deviate from those where prescriptive rules apply. The new approach is being promoted by recent advances of noble designs such as those employing large public spaces in passenger ships. From the respect of fire safety, it is needed to show that the level of safety of new design is equivalent to what can be achieved from the prescriptive rules where the fire simulation is regarded to be the essential tool. This paper provides an overview of the process of performance-based design of the smoke extraction system in a cafeteria of a ROPAX. FDS, a CFD fire simulation software is used to show that the field-model software can improve the fire safety over what are expected from prescriptive rule sets or zone-model application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.387-392
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• 2005

Double-deck train have studied in the next generation train in KRRI. Double-deck train have more seat capacities compared with single deck vehicles and is a efficient, reliable and comfortable alternative train. Because of heavy weight, weight minimization of double-deck train carbody is imperative to reduce cost and extend life-time of train. Weight minimization problem of the double-deck train car-body is required to decide 66 design variables of thicknesses for large aluminum extruded panel while satisfying stress constraints. Design variables are too many and one execution of structural analysis of double-deck train carbody is time-consuming. Therefore, we adopt approximation technique to save computational cost of optimization process. Metamodels such as response surface model (RSM) and kriging model are used to approximate model-based optimization is described. RSM is easy to obtain and expressed explicit function, but this is not suitable for highly nonlinear and large scaled problems. Kriging model employs an interpolation scheme and is developed in the fields of spatial statistics and geostatistics. Target of this design is to find optimum thickness of AEP to minimize weight of doulbe-deck train carbody. In this study, meta model techniques are introduced to carry out weight minimization of a double-deck train car-body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.303-306
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• 2003

To reduce the storage space of spent fuels used at the atomic power plants all over the world, the uranium elements contained in the spent fuels is being extracted and effectively stored. For this, the spent fuel are oxidized and deoxidized. In this study, it is produced conceptual design specification about the spent fuel management technology research and test facilities have been produced. The first considered processes in the facilities is the metal conversion furnace in the dry environment. Since this process is operates at the high temperature range, we have to consider heat-resisting designs for the device. For the heat-resisting designs, we have surveyed and analyzed technical references for material properties. Also, we have determined the temperature distribution condition of the device based on experimental results. We have calculated thermal stress and strain of each devices by the commercial analysis software, I-DEAS. By using the results, we have analyzed design configurations of the point at issue by thermal effects, and suggested alternative design configurations. It is experimented for inspecting confidence rate of heat strain. Based on these results, necessary design specifications for heat-resisting design have been produced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to discuss how make-up materials were used for the design techniques of special make-up that is part of impersonation, what kinds of materials were applied to special make-up design and how they were utilized, in a bid to find out more materials available for each of diverse design techniques in pursuit of better make-up design. The most widely used materials were divided into transformational and supplementary types, and the focus of this study was placed on two different design techniques. One put transformational materials to use, and the other utilized supplementary materials that also could serve as alternative and effect materials. Unlike general make-up that pursues beauty, special make-up focuses on realistic effect, and it cannot make any progress without newer, diverse materials which are increasingly gaining in importance. Although special make-up designing is a skilled technique that requires systematic knowledge of theories, proper materials and repeated practice, there is no absolute standard for it, since it is a product of imagination and depends on delicate hand skills and its effect hinges on individual viewer's visual perspective. In the future, more comprehensive and broader-scale experiments are called for to tackle this problem.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.33-36
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• 2015

PURPOSES : It is desirable for buses to be parallel to the face of the bus shelter at a bus stop. In this way, passengers can safely use the buses without moving into the vehicle area. The study was a review of the current bus bay geometric guidelines, to determine whether they lead buses to stop parallel to the face of the bus shelter by analyzing vehicle trajectory. METHODS : A commercial software program for vehicle trajectory analysis was used under our assumptions about bus dimensions and geometric values. The final position of the bus was analyzed for multiple trajectory simulations, reflecting various geometric alternatives. RESULTS : Within the scope of the study, we concluded that the current design guidelines need to be revised by the design values suggested by the study. CONCLUSIONS : The results of the study suggested alternative design values for bus bay geometry, based on the assumption that buses should be parallel to the face of the bus shelter in order to prevent passengers from moving into the vehicle area.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-70
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• 2012

To enhance cable stiffness, this paper proposed a combined application of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and steel materials, resulting in a novel type of hybrid stay cable system especially for the cable-stayed bridges with main span lengths of 1400~2800 m. In this combination, CFRP materials can conserve all their advantages such as light weight and high strength; while steel materials help increase the equivalent stiffness to compensate for the low elastic modulus of CFRP materials. An increase of the equivalent stiffness of the hybrid stay cable system could be further obtained with a reasonable increase of its safety factor. Following this concept, a series of parametric studies for the hybrid stay cable system with the consideration of stiffness and cost were carried out. Three design strategies/criteria, namely, best equivalent stiffness with a given safety factor, highest ratio of equivalent stiffness to material cost with a given safety factor, and best equivalent stiffness under a given cost were proposed from the stiffness and cost viewpoints. Finally, a comprehensive design procedure following the proposed design strategies was suggested. It was shown that the proposed hybrid stay cable system could be a good alternative to the pure CFRP or traditional steel stay cables in the future applications of super long span bridges.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.118-123
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to define the plans of eco-friendly housing and the meaning of architectural imagination, and to classify diverse sources of the origins of architect's imagination to propose a desirable green housing plan. Generally, imagination which means the process of forming in the mind based on one's previous experience had been perceived negatively for a long time, however, today this perception has changed as new valuation that imagination is the only the motive of human being's behavior patterns comes out. Meanwhile, green design means planning the healthy life in the future by finding the way that people and environment can live together. In order to realize green design in our lives, some plans which concern environment, style, and alternative technology of housing. Especially, in interior design, not only by technology skills but also by green visual environment, eco-friendly houses exist. Therefore, this study examines several elements which gives green atmosphere into the house, and understands how architectural imagination comes out in eco-friendly housing design through verify some examples.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2006

Various indirect power cycle options for a helium cooled gas cooled fast reactor (GFR) with particular focus on a supercritical $CO_2(SCO_2)$ indirect cycle are investigated as an alternative to a helium cooled direct cycle GFR. The balance of plant (BOP) options include helium-nitrogen Brayton cycle, supercritical water Rankine cycle, and $SCO_2$ recompression Brayton power cycle in three versions: (1) basic design with turbine inlet temperature of $550^{\circ}C$, (2) advanced design with turbine inlet temperature of $650^{\circ}C$ and (3) advanced design with the same turbine inlet temperature and reduced compressor inlet temperature. The indirect $SCO_2$ recompression cycle is found attractive since in addition to easier BOP maintenance it allows significant reduction of core outlet temperature, making design of the primary system easier while achieving very attractive efficiencies comparable to or slightly lower than, the efficiency of the reference GFR direct cycle design. In addition, the indirect cycle arrangement allows significant reduction of the GFR &proximate-containment& and the BOP for the $SCO_2$ cycle is very compact. Both these factors will lead to reduced capital cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.992-999
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• 2011

The recent power add-on drive wheelchairs (PADWs) provide greater physical activity, are easier to transport, and may be an excellent alternative for the typical manual or electric wheelchairs. The development of in-wheel motor for a PADW is the principal issues. In this paper, design, implementation, and testing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for a PADW are presented. To design output power and torque of the motor, the equation of motion has been investigated. The design parameters were calculated and the dimension and shape of the motor which was limited by the In-wheel mechanism of the PADW were done by applying FEM and optimal design technique. The prototype of the motor mentioned above was fabricated with precise machining and assembling. Then the motor tested on dynamometer and the measured results of the motor were verified by comparing the design results. The fabricated motor was 80 mm in length with a diameter of 110 mm and small enough to be attached the driving unit of the PADW.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2010

This paper dealt with an alternative for maximizing mass savings in spacecraft design by replacing conventional aluminum alloy housing used for various spacecraft avionics by composite materials. Key requirements were defined for the purpose of composite housing design with sufficient durability and various functionalities as well as more lightweight characteristics as compared with aluminum alloy widely-used for conventional electronics housing. Conceptual design was also carried out for manufacturing modular, lightweight composite electronic housing equipped with high thermal and electrical conductivities, EMI protection, and radiation shielding characteristics as well as excellent structural performance; feasibility of enhancing mass savings in spacecraft design was presented.