• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.519-522
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify differences among the responses of users depending on variations in audio-visual landscape elements used to create amenities in residential areas. For the purpose, a laboratory experiment was performed to evaluate the emotions of subjects. As a result of subjective evaluation, it was found that the emotions of subjects were more significantly promoted in providing both sounds and images at the same time, than in providing images alone. In addition, as a result of comparing the variables of relativistic energy alpha waves have by measuring their brain waves, it was seen that alpha waves increased when providing harmonious sound sources with images, except for specific sound sources. Thus, it is considered that provision of sound sources capable of promoting human emotions can contribute greatly to improving the value of space for the sake of comfortable housing environment.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1687-1694
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• 2019

Background: Although cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is reported to have positive effects on mental functions such as depression and sleep improvement, detailed studies regarding awakening, attention and concentration among brain waves reflecting brain activity are lacking. Objective: To examine the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on various electroencephalograms (EEGs) reflecting brain activities. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: This study selected 30 healthy adult women in their 20s who volunteered for this experiment. A total of 30 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (Sham group, 0.5 Hz CES group, and 100 Hz CES group). EEGs were measured before and after the single CES, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results: The relative theta, alpha, and gamma waves indicated no significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group. The relative fast alpha wave only showed significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in P4. The relative slow beta wave only indicated statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in T3 and T4. The relative mid and fast beta waves showed statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in all areas. Conclusions: These results suggest that a CES of 0.5 Hz awakens consciousness and has a positive influence on brain activity, while a CES of 100 Hz has a positive influence on thinking activity accompanying mental load during concentrating on one subject.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2024

Walking can have a positive impact on cognitive function in adolescents. This study aimed to compare the effects of walking with sneakers and barefoot on cognitive ability in adolescents. Fifty-nine adolescent male students were included in the study and assigned to the control (n = 20), sneaker (n = 19), and barefoot (n = 20) groups. The barefoot and sneakers group performed a 40-min walking exercise four times a week for 12 weeks during the morning physical activity time, while the control group performed self-study. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain activity variables were measured before and after the exercise program. The results showed that after 12 weeks, the barefoot group had a significant decrease in Gamma and H-beta waves and a significant increase in sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) and Alpha waves. Conversely, the control group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves and increase in Theta waves. The sneaker group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves alone. In an eyes-open resting state, the barefoot group showed a significant increase in H-beta, M-beta, SMR, and Alpha waves. The barefoot group also had a significant increase in cognitive speed and concentration and a significant decrease in brain stress. Taken together, barefoot walking can effectively enhance cognitive ability in adolescents, as demonstrated by the significant variation in EEG activity. This research highlights the potential benefits of barefoot walking as a simple and effective form of exercise for enhancing cognitive function in adolescents.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.475-478
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• 2002

In zoological research, penetration of light has been reported of the frontal bones of fish, birds, and reptiles, suggesting the existence of physiologically direct photic routes to frontal lobes and/or deep parts of the brain. We studied the influences of frontal exposure to photodiode light on frontal alpha wave and peripheral NK cells. Repetitive exposure of the subject's forehead to a red light diode (660nm) significantly increased the effective amplitude of the frontal alpha waves (using a mean frequency with a range of +1.0 Hz), peripheral NK activity, and the level of CD57-CD16+. Frontal alpha wave activity and the level of CD57-CD16+ increased, suggesting the possibility of a non-invasive procedure for the activation of the frontal lobe and the increase of NK cells. This light is considered to penetrate the frontal bones of humans directly, and to act on the frontal lobe and/or other immunological regulatory centers in the brain, resulting in some neuro-immunological changes.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2003

This study is an experimental study about the relationship between EEG and personality dimensions. Subjects were 70 healthy undergraduate students (32 males, 38 females) The Korean version of Eysencks Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) were used. EEGs were recorded in two different conditions (eyes open and eyes closed). To obtain more tellable data, EEG recordings of subjects were replicated 6 weeks later. The analytical methods used in the present study rendered two coincident tendencies: Theta with neuroticism relationship in eyes closed condition, and alpha-delta with psychoticism relationship in eyes closed condition. These results generally support the theory of Robinson (2001) that delta, theta, and alpha waves are associated with activity of brainstem, limbic system, and thalamo-cortical arousal system, and that thalamo-cortical alpha system has inhibitory effects on brainstem delta system.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

In this study, human is the subject of driving a car, the actual EEG is a biological information in a number of reactions that are displayed while driving the vehicle by using a measuring device, occurs during travel of the road EEG to be collected, number of experiments the collected material on the basis of changes associated with running time, extracts the factors such as changes due to road geometry, and analysis was performed. The required changes in the EEG occurring during traveling experiment analysis alpha (${\alpha}$) waves, beta (${\beta}$) wave, after the primary extraction in the form of gamma (${\gamma}$) faction, the brain wave frequency of the entire period of the experiment change rate extracts, to calculate the change in frequency in response to EEG characteristics by applying the regression model to observe a learning effect in response to an increase in the number of experiments, as a result, depending on the number of experiments, EEG changes due to individual differences. The show, by repeatedly driving a section like this, it was possible to verify that comfortably travels driver accustomed in accordance with the stored road geometry and signal, safety facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.40-54
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• 1990

The author studied EEG differences among normal, children, children with emotional behavioral problems determined by Rutter's questionnaire and children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder according to DSM-III-R. The results are as follows ; There were no differences in incidence and pattern of abnormal EEG between normal control children and children with emotional behavioral problems. But children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder tend to show lower average amplitude, and less wave percentage time of alpha wave in occipital area than normal did, furdermore wave percentage time of alpha wave appeared more in left occipital area than in right occipital area, These results demonstrated that emotional behavioral problems in elementary school children may not be related to EEG abnormality, Where as children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder showed underdeveloped alpha waves as compared with normal control children.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.644-654
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma foot reflexology massage on mood states specifically depression and brain waves of elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: The study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The participants were 62 elderly women with osteoarthritis. The instruments were the Korean-Profile of Mood States-Brief for mood states and 8-channel EEG (Electroencephalogram) system for brain waves. Data were collected from March to May, 2012. Twenty-six participants were assigned to the treatment group and twenty-six to the comparison group. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 version program, and included descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA. The intervention was conducted three times a week for two weeks. Results: There were significantly improvement in reported depression. s. Brain waves (EEG) increased significantly in F3, T3 of ${\alpha}$ wave and in F4, T3, and P4 of ${\beta}$ wave between the two groups. Conclusion: Aroma foot reflexology massage can be utilized as an effective intervention to decrease depression of mood states, increase of ${\alpha}$, and ${\beta}$ brain wave on woman elderly with osteoarthritis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1113-1116
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to compare the follicular population during spontaneous and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ induced oestrous cycles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. In Exp.1, (n = 13 oestrous cycles) follicular population was monitored using ultrasonography on alternate days. Buffaloes were monitored for ovarian follicles from day 0 (first oestrus) until next oestrus. These animals were observed for oestrus twice daily using a teaser bull. Of 12 oestrous cycles, 9 (75%) had two waves of follicular activity and only 3 (25%) had three waves during the oestrous cycle. The mean number of small, medium and large follicles among various days of the oestrous cycle between two and three waves of follicular development were not significantly different (p>0.05). In Exp. 2, follicular population 3 days before oestrus was compared in buffaloes undergoing spontaneous (n = 12 oestrous cycles) and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ induced (n = 6) luteolysis. The mean number of small and large follicles increased (p<0.05) and the number of medium follicles decreased (p<0.05) during the 3 days before oestrus in buffaloes undergoing induced luteolysis as compared to those with spontaneous luteolysis. These results showed that the mean number of small, medium and large follicles among various days of the oestrous cycle were similar between the two and three waves of follicular development, and three days before oestrous the number of small, medium and large follicles altered due to induced luteolysis on day 9, compared to those with spontaneous luteolysis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2004

The study is one of fundamental researches for the development of future smart clothing and textile products with blocking properties from electromagnetic waves by analyzing human physical symptoms in using electromagnetic products in such an environments. Among various textiles in the experiment, nano silver has shown the best blocking performance from electromagnetic waves, which decreases depending on the distance. The power spectrum distribution and the incidence of electroencephalogram between blocking materials and aural stimuli has shown that, ${\beta}$, wave appeared to be active in all channels except for $T_4$, whereas all waves appeared with processed materials and especially with nano silver silk(NSS), ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\theta}$, ${\gamma}$ waves appeared active in all regions. As for the brain mapping of ${\alpha}$ wave according to time, there found a strong activity in $P_3$, $P_4$ of the parietal lobe, with all materials on all time regions. With silk nylon metal(SNM) and NSS, it appeared strong in $F_3$, $F_4$ as well. As for ${\beta}$, wave, the activity appeared strong in frontal lobe before 7min. 30sec, where it tends to diminish abruptly in 7min. 30sec. to 13min. 30sec. region. After 13min., it regained gradually. With NSS, it appeared strong in all areas except for the farthest $T_4$. The appearance of ${\nu}$ wave can be deduced as it can affect human body with its toxic property while the silver particles become nano-sized. Therefore, the study conducted with human participants requires a proper particle size of it which would not penetrate cellular tissues and a proper binder and binding treatment for it, to prevent the physical fatigues and the potential diseases. However, it is highly required for back-up researches to verify various aspects in applying nano silver to textile products.