• 멤브레인
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.456-464
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• 2022

본 실험에서는 무전해 도금을 통하여 Pd 및 Pd-Cu 분리막을 제조하여 수소 투과 성능을 분석하였다. 분리막의 지지체는 α-Al₂O₃ 세라믹 중공사를 사용하였다. Pd-Cu 분리막은 무전해 도금을 실시하였고 Pd-Cu 합금을 만들기 위하여 수소 분위기에서 500°C, 18 h 동안의 열처리 과정을 거쳤다. 그 후, Pd-Cu 분리막은 EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction) 분석을 통해 합금이 형성된 것을 확인하였다. Pd 및 Pd-Cu 도금층의 두께는 SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) 분석을 통해 각각 약 3.21, 3.72 µm으로 측정되었다. 수소 투과 성능은 수소 단일 가스, 혼합가스(H₂, N₂)에서 350~450°C, 1~4 bar의 범위에서 수소 투과 실험을 진행하였다. 수소 단일 가스에서 Pd 및 Pd-Cu 분리막은 450°C, 4 bar에서 최대 54.42, 67.17 ml/cm²⋅min의 flux를 가지며, 혼합가스에서는 450°C, 4 bar의 조건일 때, 각각 1308, 453의 separation factor가 나오는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) surface treatment of magnesium alloy, an optical analysis method through reflection spectra were measured. As a result, the sample is formed on the membrane form of MgO or $Mg(OH)_2$ is in the form of oxide. The wavelength energy of surface treatment of magnesium alloy sample observed 0.23eV red shift. The measured reflectance spectra observed with the three different signals. This is due to $Mg(OH)_2$ oxide layer formed on porous hole.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.38-47
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• 1996

Sectional analysis program for plane strain or axisymmetric geometry of aluminum alloy sheet metals was developed. For modeling the anomalous behavior of aluminum alloy, Barlat's strain rate potential and Hill's 1990 non-quadratic yield theory arranged under the plane stress assumption were employed. 2-D rigid-viscoplastic FEM formulation based on the bending-augmented membrane theory was derived, solving simultaneously force equilibrium as well as non-penetration condition. Isotropic hardening law was also assumed for yielding behavior. To verify the validity and availability of the developed program, 2-D stretch/draw forming process for plane strain geometry and cylindrical cup deep drawing process for axisymmetric geometry were simulated.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.598-605
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• 2016

V-Cr-Y 합금은 높은 투과도와 선택도를 가진 수소 분리막 재료이다. V-Cr-Y 분리막의 투과속도를 증가시키기 위하여 sputtering을 이용한 V-Cr-Y 박막을 제조하고 그 특성을 연구하였다. V-Cr-Y 성분이 각각 89.8%, 10.0%, 0.2%인 타겟을 이용하여 실리콘웨이퍼 위에 박막을 증착시켰으며, EDS 분석을 통해 박막조성이 타겟조성과 일치함을 확인하였다. 스퍼터링 온도와 출력이 증가할수록 박막의 성장속도와 결정크기가 증가하였으며, 압력이 감소할수록 결정구조가 보다 미세하고 치밀해졌다. 최적 스퍼터링 조건은 교류 고주파(RF), 2mTorr, 300W, 상온이었으며, 이 조건으로 제조한 박막을 열처리 하여 수소분리에 적합한 박막을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2009

The electrocatalytic characteristics of oxygen reduction reaction of the $PtxM_{(1-x)}$ (M = Co, Cu, Ni) supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been evaluated in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The $Pt_xM_{(1-x)}$/MWNTs catalysts with a Pt : M atomic ratio of about 3 : 1 were synthesized and applied to the cathode of PEMFC. The crystalline structure and morphology images of the $Pt_xM_{(1-x)}$ particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that the crystalline structure of the Pt alloy particles in Pt/MWNTs and $Pt_xM_{(1-x)}$/MWNTs catalysts are seen as FCC, and synthesized $Pt_xM_{(1-x)}$ crystals have lattice parameters smaller than the pure Pt crystal. According to the electrochemical surface area (ESA) calculated with cyclic voltammetry analysis, $Pt_{0.77}Co_{0.23}$/MWNTs catalyst has higher ESA than the other catalysts. The evaluation of a unit cell test using Pt/MWNTs or $Pt_xM_{(1-x)}$/MWNTs as the cathode catalysts demonstrated higher cell performance than did a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Among the MWNTs-supported Pt and $Pt_xM_{(1-x)}$ (M = Co, Cu, Ni) catalysts, the $Pt_{0.77}Co_{0.23}$/MWNTs shows the highest performance with the cathode catalyst of PEMFC because they had the largest ESA.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2006

The thermomechanical behaviors of SMA thin film actuator and their application are investigated. The numerical algorithm of the 2-D SMA thermomechanical constitutive equation is developed and implemented into the ABAQUS finite element program by using the user defined material (UMAT) subroutine. To verify the numerical algorithm of SMAs, the results are compared with experimental data. For the application of SMA thin film actuator, the methodology to maintain the precise configuration of inflatable membrane structure is demonstrated.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1996년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.86-87
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• 1996

IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) is a mixture of two or more crosslinked polymers with physically interlocked network structures between the component polymers. IPN can be classified as an alloy of thermosets and has the characteristics of thermosets such as the thermal resistance and chemical resistance and also has the characteristics of polymer alloys with enhanced impact resistance and amphoteric properties. The physical interlocking during the synthesis restricts the phase separation of the component polymer with chemical pinning process, thus the control of morphology is possible through variations of the reaction temperature and pressure, catalyst concentration and crosslinking agent concentration. Finely dispersed domain structure can be obtained through IPN synthesis of polymer components with gross immiscibility. In membrane applications, particularly for the separation of liquid mixtures, crosslinked polymer component with specific affinity to the permeate is needed. With the presence of the permeant-inert polymer component, the mechanical strength and the selectivity of the membranes are enhanced by restricting the swelling of the transporting polymer component networks.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

In order to improve the current efficiency and reduce the energy consumption in the electrosynthesis of ammonium persulfate, electrolytic properties of a perfluorosulfonic cation exchange membrane named PGN membrane and the $Al_2O_3$ ceramic membrane in the electrosynthesis of ammonium persulfate were studied and compared in a pilot electrolytic cell using a welded platinum titanium as the anode and a Pb-Sb alloy as the cathode. The effect of cell voltage, electrolyte flow rate and electrolysis time of the electrolytes on the current efficiency and the energy consumption were studied. The results indicated that the PGN membrane could improve current efficiency to 95.12% and reduce energy consumption to $1110kWh\;t^{-1}$ (energy consumption per ton of the ammonium persulfate generated) under the optimal operating conditions and the highest current efficiency of the $Al_2O_3$ ceramic membrane was 72.61% with its lowest energy consumption of $1779kWh\;t^{-1}$. Among 5 times of the electrolysis of the electrolytes, the lowest current efficiency of the PGN membrane was 85.25% with the highest energy consumption of $1244kWh\;t^{-1}$ while the lowest current efficiency of the $Al_2O_3$ ceramic membrane was 67.44% with the highest energy consumption of $1915kWh\;t^{-1}$, which suggested the PGN membrane could be used in the 5-stage electrolytic cell for the industrially continuous electrosynthesis of ammonium persulfate. Therefore the PGN membrane can be efficient to improve the current efficiency and reduce the energy consumption and can be applied in the industrial electrosynthesis of ammonium persulfate.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.133-133
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• 2013

For both oxygen reduction (ORR) and hydrogen oxidation reactions (HOR) of proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), alloying Pt with another transition metal usually results in a higher activity relative to pure Pt, mainly due to electronic modification of Pt and bifunctional behaviour of alloy surface for ORR and HOR, respectively. However, activity and stability are closely related to the preparation of alloy nanoparticles. Preparation conditions of alloy nanoparticles have strong influence on surface composition, oxidation state, nanoparticle size, shape, and contamination, which result from a large difference in redox priority of metal precursors, intrinsic properties of metals, increasedreactivity of nanocrystallites, and interactions with constituents for the synthesis such as solvent, stabilizer, and reducing agent, etc. Carbon-supported Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles were prepared by the borohydride reduction method in anhydrous solvent. Pt-Ru alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon black were also prepared by the similar synthetic method to that of Pt-Ni. Since electrocatalytic reactions are strongly dependent on the surface structure of metal catalysts, the atom-leveled design of the surface structure plays a significant role in a high catalytic activity and the utilization of electrocatalysts. Therefore, surface-modified electrocatalysts have attracted much attention due to their unique structure and new electronic and electrocatalytic properties. The carbon-supported Au and Pd nanoparticles were adapted as the substrate and the successive reduction process was used for depositing Pt and PtM (M=Ru, Pd, and Rh) bimetallic elements on the surface of Au and Pd nanoparticles. Distinct features of the overlayers for electrocatalytic activities including methanol oxidation, formic acid oxidation, and oxygen reduction were investigated.

• 멤브레인
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2024

본 실험에서는 α-Al₂O₃ 지지체에 무전해도금을 이용하여 Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막을 제조하였다. Pd, Ag, Cu는 각각 무전해도금을 통해 지지체 표면에 코팅하였고, 합금의 형성을 위해 무전해도금 중간에 H₂, 500℃의 조건에서 18 h 동안 열처리를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 제조된 Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막은 SEM을 통해 표면을 관찰하였으며, Pd 분리막의 두께는 7.82 ㎛, Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막의 두께는 3.54 ㎛로 측정되었다. EDS와 XRD 분석을 통해 Pd-Ag-Cu 합금이 Pd-78%, Ag-8.81%, Cu-13.19%의 조성으로 형성된 것을 확인하였다. 기체투과 실험은 H₂ 단일가스와 H₂/N₂ 혼합가스에서 실험을 진행하였다. H₂ 단일가스에서 측정한 수소 분리막의 최대 H₂ flux는 Pd 분리막의 경우 450℃, 4 bar에서 74.16 ml/cm²·min이고, Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막의 경우 450℃, 4 bar에서 113.64 ml/cm²·min인 것을 확인하였고, H₂/N₂ 혼합가스에서 측정한 separation factor의 경우 450℃, 4 bar에서 각각 2437, 11032의 separation factor가 측정되었다.