• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

Purpose: Recently there are scientific evidences for the health effects of Asian dust-storms. Particularly in 2002, the daily average of $PM_10$ exceeded 600 and 700 $\mu{g}/m^3$ in March and April respectively. We examined the effects of Asian dust‐storms on perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors among children, adults, and elders. Method: The subjects of this study were 425 children, 444 adults and 60 elders. A questionnaire survey was carried out on the children and the adults by teachers and on the elders by interviewers to obtain information on demographic variables, perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors, previous respiratory disease, environmental tobacco smoke, and proximity between the house and the road during Asian dust-storms. We analyzed using descriptive statistics, $X^2$ test and multiple logistic regression models. After adjustment for potential confounders, we estimated the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the children and the elders for perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors. Result: The elders had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than the other groups. The children had a significantly higher prevalence than the adults in getting URI (1.51), coughing (1.68), rhinorrhea (1.46), fever (2.39) and medication for allergy or asthma (1.90). The children had better behaviors than the elders in closing windows (3.57), taking less outdoor recreational activity (2.59) and staying home (2.60). Conclusion: This study suggested that children and elders are susceptible to the effects of Asian dust on health. Health educators should inform these populations about the influence of Asian dust and provide health education for preventive behaviors.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 1995

Hwamunsok(mat with flower design) is a special product of Kanghwa, which is made up of cyperus exaltatus. According to Allergy, cyperus exaltatus is one of the inhalant allergens and provokes respiratory symptoms and signs. There have been few reports about respiratory allergic disease or contact dermatitis occurring in farmers who cultivate the cyperus exaltatus or manufacture Hwamunsok with it. We studied the relationship between allergic symptoms and exposure to cyperus exaltatus. First, we questioned 141 voluntaries living in Kangwha on the symptoms of contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Secondly, open tests with cyperus exaltatus were done to permitted 73 voluntaries. Patch tests with the European standard series(23 antigens) were only done to exposure 49 subjects to cyperus exaltatus. The results were as follows : 1. As the manifestation rate of allergic symptoms by age, its of 60 years old over in male showed 333 per 1,000 persons. Its of 50 years old in female showed 412 per 1,000 persons. Those age groups in both genders exhibited the highest manifestation of allergic symptoms than all other age groups. Also, if age and sex were adjusted with the rural population of Kanghwagun('93 base population), the manifestation rate of allergic symptoms in male showed 283 per 1,000 persons. Its in female and totals of study populations showed which is each 206 and 234 per 1,000 persons. Specially, it showed that statistics significantly(p=0.002), exposured subjects by cultivation of cyperus exaltatus & manufacture of Hwamunsok have experienced symptoms of contact dermatitis more frequently than unexposured subjects. Secondly, it tested statistics significantly that the risk factor as manifestation of allergic symptoms was the exposure of cyperus exaltatus's allergen(p=0.024). The manifestation risk of allergic symptoms in exposure groups was 3.73 times higher than unexposured subjects. Thirdly, positive reactions in open tests with cyperus exaltatus were higher in exposured subjects than non-exposured subjects. After 72 and 96 hours, positive reactions in open tests were all 10 subjects(20.4%). Also, after 1 week, positive reactions were 8 subjects(16.4%). In conclusion there is a close relationship between contact dermatitis and exposure to cyperus exaltatus while cultivating it and manufacturing Hwamunsok. Therefore, various studies should be continued and a health education program undertaken on contact dermatitis with those who were be engaging in Hwamunsok's manufacture.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2014

식품 알레르기에 대한 유병률과 알레르기를 일으키는 식품의 종류를 알아내기 위해, 설문지 조사와 피부단자시험을 실시하였고, 또한 최근 국내외 식품 알레르기에 대한 자료 고찰을 하였다. 본 연구결과 설문지에 의한 성별 식품 알레르기 증상 유병률은 남자에서는 25.6%, 여자는 25.8%로 남녀 간에 별 차이가 없었으며, 연령별로는 남자는 40-49세가 31.8%, 여자에서는 30-39세가 32.6%로 가장 높았다. 성별과 식품 항목에 의한 식품 알레르기의 유병률은 남자는 고등어가 6.6%로 가장 높았고, 여자는 복숭아가 7.4%로 가장 높았다. 성별에 의한 식품 알레르기 증상 유병자 중 피부단자시험 양성률을 보면 남자에서 21.4%의 양성률을, 여자에 있어서는 14.7%의 양성률을 나타내 남녀간의 유의한 차이(p=0.018)가 있었다. 식품 항목별 양성률을 보면 남자에서는 호프가 58.9%로 가장 높았고, 여자에서는 계란이 36.4%로 가장 높은 양성률을 나타냈으며, 돼지고기, 새우 가재, 호프, 그리고 토마토에서 통계적으로 남녀 간 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 피부단자시험을 통하여 우리나라 식품 알레르기 증상 추정 유병률은 남자 5.0%, 여자 3.6%였으며, 알레르기를 일으키는 흔한 식품으로는 호프, 고등어, 새우, 가재, 게, 돼지고기, 우유, 계란 등이 포함된다고 생각한다. 최근 국내외 식품 알레르기에 관한 자료 분석에서 식품 알레르기 유병률은 1-35% 범위로 나타났으며, 알레르기를 일으키는 주요 식품은 우유, 계란, 견과류, 생선, 조개, 갑각류 그리고 과일 채소 등으로 확인 하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 지역사회 전 연령층을 대상으로 그리고 최근 국내외 식품 알레르기에 관한 자료를 분석한 첫 시도로써 향후 우리나라 식품 알레르기 질환을 예방하고 치료하는데 근거자료의 토대가 될 것이다. 또한 식품 알레르기 교육프로그램을 계획할 때는 식품 알레르기의 유병률과 알레르겐을 포함한 대처방안이 필요하다고 본다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2008

Background and Objective : Chungsangboha-tang (CSBHT) has analgesic, sedative, anti-convulsive and anti-histamine effects, so it alleviates the symptoms of asthma. For the comparison of anti-inflammatory effect(s) on CSBHT, PD098059 was used as a negative control. Materials and Methods : This study emphasized THP-1 cells, which had been well characterized as a human monocytic leukemic cell line. The cells resemble monocytes with respect to several criteria and can be differentiated into macrophage-like cells by treatment with PMA. By using the MTS assay, it was possible to prove the safety of CSBHT. Results : Results shows that the CSBHT did not affected cell survival within $10^{1}$ ng/ml to $10^{5}$ ng/ml. Especially, $10^{5}$ ng/ml CSBHT treated cells show 70% deduction of $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene expression against that of LPS treated group. Furthermore, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels are down-regulated when treated with CSBHT with concentrations up to 100 ug/ml on monocyte-derived macrophages. Interestingly, CSBHT-treated samples showed that overall transcriptional activities were down-regulated to 20% of that of PD098059 ($TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitor). At protein level, the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed similar results as that of transcriptional activity. Results show that the protein level decreased more in the CSBHT-treated group (487 ${\pm}$ 87 pg/ml) than in the LPS-treated group (703 ${\pm}$ 103 pg/ml). In addition, the protein level of IL-8 in the CSBHT treated-group (9.84 ${\pm}$ 3.28 ng/ml) decreased similar as the expression of the control and PD098059-treated groups. Conclusion : CSBHT affects immune response, especially allergic responses and suppression of inflammatory reaction. The results provide us an alternative way to care for clinical inflammatory diseases, not only asthma but also the other possible general inflammatory and allergic diseases.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.453-463
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) is a kind of phase II metabolism enzyme and plays an important role in the detoxification of various toxic chemicals. It was reported that the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes may be responsible for asthma development and susceptibility to allergy. Traditional oriental medicine uses a unique diagnostic technique. differentiation-syndrome. to analyze signs and symptoms of patients synthetically. Through differentiation-syndrome. asthma patients can be divided into two groups: the deficiency syndrome group (DSG) and the excess syndrome group (ESG). Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association of GST gene polymorphism with clinical phenotype by differentiation-syndrome of bronchial asthma patients. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ten participants were evaluated by pulmonary function test. Patients with 53 DSG and 31 ESG by differentiation-syndrome were assessed for genetic analysis. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results : GSTM1 gene deletion was detected in 43.4% of individuals in the DSG and in 38.71 % in the ESG. The distribution of GSTM1 polymorphism between DSG and ESG was not significantly different [$x^2$=0.1767, p=0.6742; OR(95% CI)=1.2139(0.4915-2.9979)]. The proportion of GSTT1 null genotypes was 41.51% in the DGS and 45.16% in the ESG. The distribution of GSTT1 polymorphism between DSG and ESG was also not significantly different [$x^2$=0.1065, p=0.7442; OR(95% CI)=0.8618(0.3525-2.1065)]. In the combined analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, the frequency of both null type of GSTM1/GSTT1 genes was not significantly different from both positive type of GSTM1/GSTT1 genes[$x^2$=0.0768, p=0.7817; OR(95% CI)=1.2000(0.3303-4.3602)] Conclusions : These results indicate that polymorphism of the GST gene might not be associated with the symptomatic classification of DSG and ESG by differentiation-syndrome in Korean asthmatics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2011

Purpose: A high level of air pollutants can increase the number of patients with allergy-related diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). To analyze the association between air pollution and allergic disease, we investigated 2 areas in Korea: Incheon, an industrial area, and Jeju, a non-industrialized area. Methods: Second grade students at elementary schools (11 schools in Incheon and 45 schools in Jeju) were examined in a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used and a skin prick test was performed. The levels of $NO_2$, $CO_2$, $O_3$, particulate matter (PM) $PM_{10/2.5}$, formaldehyde, tVOCs, and dust mites in the classrooms and grounds were determined. Results: The levels of outdoor CO, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). The levels of indoor CO, $CO_2$, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). The prevalence rates of AR symptoms at any time, AR symptoms during the last 12 months, diagnosis of rhinitis at any time, and AR treatment during the last 12 months were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). The prevalence rate of wheezing or whistling at any time, and wheezing during the last 12 months were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). Conclusion: We found that the children living in Incheon, which was more polluted than Jeju, had a higher rate of AR and asthma symptoms compared to children in Jeju. To determine the effect of air pollution on the development of the AR and asthma, further studies are needed.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.297-300
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• 2010

여러 가지 한약재의 추출물의 항알러지 활성을 증진시키기 위하여 장수상황버섯의 고체발효 중 시너지 효과를 확인하여 보았다. 그 결과 마황이 좋은 활성을 나타내어 DNFB (dinitrochlorobenzene)에 의해 유발된 접촉성 피부염 알러지 질환 동물모델에서 피부상피조직의 비후정도를 약 50%정도의 수준으로 완화시키며, 이는 면역조직화학적인 방법으로 확인하였다. 이 결과로, 마황 추출액의 장수상황버섯 고체발효의 최적 조건을 확립한다면 향장소재 또는 이의 조성물로 유용하게 이용될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.208-216
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Soshiho-tang on the patients who suffered from atopic dermatitis with gastrointestinal disorders.Methods : We diagnosed the symptoms and the signs of the patients who suffered from atopic dermatitis with gastrointestinal disorders as Soshiho-tang syndrome(嘔而發熱) according to 'Treatise on Cold Damage Disease(傷寒論)'. Patients are treated only with Soshiho-tang. The severity of Atopic dermatitis was evaluated by SCORAD index, visual analogue scale(VAS) and pictures. Gastrointestinal disorders(mainly food allergy, indigestion) were evaluated by patients' subjective complaint.Results : After the treatment, not only the severity of atopic dermatitis but gastrointestinal disorders were also improved.Conclusions : Soshiho-tang has improved the symptoms of Atopic dermatitis with gastrointestinal disorders in this study.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report two cases of breast cancer patients whose side effects after Tamoxifen were treated with traditional Korean medicine. Methods: Two breast cancer patients underwent Tamoxifen after breast-conserving surgery, and both were treated with traditional Korean medicine. Subjective discomfort symptoms were evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale. Adverse events were assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 5.0. Results: After treatment with traditional Korean medicine, the discomfort symptoms that occurred after Tamoxifen, such as osteoarthritis, hot flushes, and cold sweat, all gradually improved. In addition, no hematologic, hepatic, or renal side effects were observed from the traditional Korean medicine treatment. Conclusion: This case study suggests that traditional Korean medicine may contribute to the improvement of side effects caused by Tamoxifen and enhance the quality of life of patients.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

The objective of the study which utilised population based data was to determine the respiratory condition of elementary school children in Gangneung. From October 9th to December 14th, 2006, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratoy Volume in I Second $(FEV_1)$ were conducted on the target group of children using a spirometer. The prevalence of asthmatic symptoms was 29.8% among boys and 39.6% among girls. By using logistic regression, we found that family history of allergic rhinitis (OR=3.90, CI=1.05-14.51), experience of allergic conjunctivitis (OR=4.67, CI=1.54-14.16) and atopic dermatitis (OR=2.86, CI=1.17-7.05) significantly increased the asthmatic symptoms. Also, a family history of asthma and food allergy were associated with asthmatic symptoms. In relation to housing and environmental risk factors, residences under the ground (OR=3.59, CI=1.35-9.51) and big-size dolls (OR=2.71, CI=0.86-8.53) significantly increased the prevalence of asthmatic symptoms. For PFT, above four families, exposure of passive smoking and pets significantly reduced FVC in both groups (p<0.05). In girls, a big-size doll was significantly associated with decreased lung function (FVC and $FEV_1$). In boys, using bed significantly reduced $FEV_1$. Also, the risk of asthmatic symptoms was found to increase when the house has been built for 5 years or more, the house is close to a road $({\leq}100m)$, a gas/Kerosene heater or carpet is utilized within the house. However, their differences were not significant. It is concluded that genetic factor such as a family history of respiratory disease, allergic symptoms and housing risk factor are related to asthmatic symptoms. These results were worth noting because the findings will help address risk factors related respiratory symptoms especially in relation to housing and environment.