• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2019

Background: Allelopathy has been suggested as one potential mechanism facilitating the successful colonisation and expansion of invasive plants. The impacts of the ongoing elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) on the production of allelochemicals by invasive species are of great importance because they play a potential role in promoting biological invasion at the global scale. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior), one of the most notorious invasive exotic plant species, was used to assess changes in foliar mono- and sesquiterpene production in response to CO₂ elevation (389.12 ± 2.55 vs. 802.08 ± 2.69 ppm). Results: The plant growth of common ragweed significantly increased in elevated CO₂. The major monoterpenes in the essential oil extracted from common ragweed leaves were β-myrcene, DL-limonene and 1,3,6-octatriene, and the major sesquiterpenes were β-caryophyllene and germacrene-D. The concentrations of 1,3,6-octatriene (258%) and β-caryophyllene (421%) significantly increased with CO₂ elevation. Conclusions: These findings improve our understanding of how allelochemicals in common ragweed respond to CO₂ elevation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

A series of aqueous or methanol extracts from four different Korean salad plants were assayed to determine their allelopathy and antioxidant activity. The extracts applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings. Leaf extracts from 40 g dry tissue $L^{-1}$ of Aster yomena was most phytotoxic to alfalfa root growth, and followed by that of Cirsium japonicum, Taraxacum officinale, and Ixeris dentate. Methanol extracts of plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vitro. Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from the same plant species was investigated, and the result showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity in Cirsium japonicum, Aster yomena, and Ixeris dentate, however, in Taraxacum officinale was least activity. By means of HPLC analysis, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and total phenolics with 7.68, 17.47 and 18.64 mg, $100g^{-1}$, respectively, showed the highest amounts in methanol extracts from Cirsium japonicum leaves. These results suggest that Compositae salad plants contain water-soluble substances with allelopathic potential as well as antioxidant activity.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) on seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The aqueous extracts treatment of red pepper and coriander showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in root, shoot and seedling length, number of leaves and seedling dry weight of wheat (T. aestivum) as compared to control. The inhibitory different effect on growth of wheat (T. aestivum) was directly proportional to the increasing concentration (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of aqueous extracts of red pepper and coriander as compared to control treatment (0%). The root, shoot, seedling length and number of leaves of T. aestivum significantly p < 0.05 decreased at 5% concentration of red pepper as compared to control. The root, shoot and seedling growth of T. aestivum was also significantly reduced at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% concentration of coriander as compared to control. The root, shoot and leaves dry weight of T. aestivum at 5% coriander extract treatment concentration decreased as compared to control. The tolerance in seedlings of T. aestivum to red pepper and coriander extract treatment was dose dependent as compared to control. The seedlings of T. aestivum showed low percentage of tolerance to pepper extract treatment than coriander extract treatment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-82
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• 2011

본 연구는 왕도깨비가지(Solanum viarum Dunal) 군반 형성에 따른 하부식생에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 연접식생법(belt-transect)을 이용한 종 다양성 변화와 제초제와 항균제에 대한 자원화방안의 기초자료로 제공하고자 왕도깨비가지의 수용성 추출액에 대한 알레로패시 효과를 조사하였다. 왕도깨비가지 군반에 근접할수록 1번 조사구($7.7{\pm}2.0$종, $1.5{\pm}0.2$), 2번 조사구($5.3{\pm}1.2$종, $1.2{\pm}0.2$), 3번 조사구($4.0{\pm}1.7$종, $0.9{\pm}0.1$) 순으로 출현종수, 종 다양도가 감소하는 경향을 보였고 조사지역의 토양 내 총 페놀 함량은 1번 조사구($0.16{\pm}0.01mg\;g^{-1}$), 2번 조사구($0.17{\pm}0.01mg\;g^{-1}$), 3번 조사구($0.22{\pm}0.02mg\;g^{-1}$) 순으로 증가되어 토양 내 총 페놀 함량과 조사지역의 종 다양도는 부의 상관(r = -0.692, P<0.05)을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 왕도깨비가지의 수용성 추출액에 대한 검정식물의 상대발아율, 평균발아일수, 상대신장율, 생중량, 건중량은 추출액 농도가 증가할수록 전반적으로 감소되었고 검정식물의 종류에 따라 다소 차이를 보였다. 수용성 추출액 동일 농도에서는 시료의 처리 상태에 따라 생전초, 건전초, 종자의 수용성 추출액 순으로 감소되었고 검정식물의 지하부가 지상부보다 억제의 경향이 높았다. 따라서 뿌리털의 발생도 농도가 증가함에 따라 현저하게 뿌리털의 길이와 단위면 적당 뿌리털 수가 감소되었다. 부위별 왕도깨비가지의 총 페놀함량은 줄기(생(生) $0.56{\pm}0.02mg\;g^{-1}$, 건(乾) $1.58{\pm}0.08mg\;g^{-1}$), 뿌리(생(生) $1.77{\pm}0.07mg\;g^{-1}$, 건(乾) $2.64{\pm}0.06mg\;g^{-1}$), 잎(생(生) $6.01{\pm}0.14mg\;g^{-1}$, 건(乾) $7.04{\pm}0.29mg\;g^{-1}$), 종자(생(生) $6.21{\pm}0.17mg\;g^{-1}$, 건(乾) $9.08{\pm}0.73mg\;g^{-1}$) 순으로 증가하고 유식물의 발아율, 유식물의 생장이 반비례함을 보였다. 이들 결과를 종합하면 왕도깨비가지는 자생식물과의 경쟁함에 있어 알레로패시 효과를 나타내는 페놀 화합물을 초관하부 토양으로 방출하여 하부식생에 대한 발아 및 생장 등에 영향을 주기 때문에 경쟁적 우위를 점하고 있으며, 천연제초제로서의 활용 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 1992

잡초추출물에 의한 작물의 생장반응 및 토양미생물에 미치는 영향과 추출물의 phenolic Compounds 분리에 대한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 잡초추출물에 의하면 대두(大豆), 육도(陸稻), 토마토 공(共)히 발아 및 생장에 영향을 받았는데 특(特)히 쇠비름추출물(5% 추출액)에서 대두(大豆)의 생장이 8~12%의 억제를 나타내었다. 2. 작물의 광합성작용에 대한 잡초추출물의 억제효과는 쇠비름(5% 추출액)이 대두(大豆)의 광합성작용(光合成作用)에 60%의 억제효과를 보였다. 3. 토양중 처리된 phenol화합물은 농도가 높을수록 방선균과 세균의 수(數)는 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 사상균은 증가(增加)하는 추세를 보였다. 4. HPLC에 의하여 분리된 phenol물질은 9종(種)이었으며, p-hydroxybenzoic등 2종(種)이 모든 잡초추출물에 검출되었다. 5. Fusarium Spp.에 대한 Vanillic acid의 억제는 농도가 높을수록 효과가 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2024

Background: Plant health is directly related to the change in native microbial diversity and changes in soil health have been implicated as one of the main cause of root rot. However, scarce information is present regarding allelopathic relationship of Panax notoginseng root exudates and pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum in a continuous cropping system. Methods: We analyzed P. notoginseng root exudate in the planting soil for three successive years to determine phenolic acid concentration using GC-MS and HPLC followed by effect on the microbial community assembly. Antioxidant enzymes were checked in the roots to confirm possible resistance in P. notoginseng. Results: Total 29 allelochemicals in the planting soil extract was found with highest concentration (10.54 %) of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The HPLC showing a year-by-year decrease in p-hydroxybenzoic acid content in soil of different planting years, and an increase in population of F. oxysporum. Moreover, community analysis displayed negative correlation with 2.22 mmol. L^-1 of p-hydroxybenzoic acid correspond to an 18.1 % population of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, in vitro plate assay indicates that medium dose of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2.5-5 mmol. L^-1) can stimulate the growth of F. oxysporum colonies and the production of macroconidia, as well as cell wall-degrading enzymes. We found that 2-3 mmol. L^-1 of p-hydroxybenzoic acid significantly increased the population of F. oxysporum. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggested that p-hydroxybenzoic acid have negative effect on the root system and modified the rhizosphere microbiome so that the host plant became more susceptible to root rot disease.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Allelopathic activity of rotation crop residues to common weeds and selectivity of crops were studied for developing an alternative weed control strategy in upland organic farming. All rotation crop residues with various ratios suppressed weed growth, but the growth of crop species stimulated a little when those were grown with the mixture of rotation crop residues except a few crop species. Among the rotation crop residues used in this study hairy vetch was the most effective, followed by Chinese milkvetch, barley and rye in suppression of weed growth. The 90:10 (crop:soil, v/v) treatments incorporation rate of crop residues such as hairy vetch and Chinese milkvetch suppressed completely the growth of all weed species tested in this study. The effect of crop residues on suppression of weed growth reduced to 90% when the incorporation rates decreased to 60% [60:40 (crop:soil, v/v). It was noticed that broadleaf weed species were more susceptible to rotation crop residues than grass weed species. In the influence of crop residues on the crop growth, no growth inhibition was found in red pepper, lettuce and perllia at any incorporation rates, but tomato, cucumber and corn were slightly inhibited in a few cases at their highest incorporation levels. This study demonstrated that rotation crop residues especially hairy vetch and Chinese milkvetch have high herbicidal effects against weeds without inhibiting the growth of crop species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2001

개똥쑥(Artemisia annua)에 함유되어 있는 천연화학물질이 곰팡이에 미치는 항균효과를 조사하고 천연화학물질의 성분을 분석하였다. 개똥쑥의 수용성물질과 휘발성물질로 인한 곰팡이의 생장실험은 곰팡이의 종류에 따라 생장률이 다르게 나타났고 수용성물질과 휘발성물질의 농도가 증가 됨에 따라 곰팡이의 생장률이 억제되었다. 특히 Fusarium oxysporum의 경우 휘발성물질보다 수용성물질에서의 생장 억제가 높았고 반면, Aspergillus nidulans는 수용성물질보다 휘발성물질에서 생장이 더 억제되었다. 따라서 이러한 모든 억제작용을 일으키는 화학물질을 찾기 위해 GC/MS를 사용하여 개똥쑥의 정유를 분석한 결과 2,4-hexadienal, β-pinene, cineole, thujone, camphor, citronellal, (-)-menthone, terpineol, (1R)-(-)myrtenol, mytenol, (S)-(-)-perillaaldehyde, perillalcohol, 4-tert-buthylaniline, eugenol, isosafrole, isoeugenol, α-humulene 등이 동정되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼때, 개똥쑥에 함유된 수용성 물질과 휘발성 물질이 실험에 쓰인 곰팡이에 대한 항균효과에 관계된다는 사실을 밝혀내었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1994

수수 줄기에 함유된 타감물질의 특성을 구명하기 위해서 극성, 비극성 용매로 분획한 결과 사용한 용매에 따라 억제 효과가 달리 나타났는데 ethyl ehter 분획에서 억제작용이 가장 크게 나타났으며 또 methylene chloride와 ethyl acetate 분획에서도 8mg/ml과 16mg/ml 농도에서 상당한 억제 효과가 나타났으나 hexane과 남은 수용층 분획에서는 거의 억제 효과가 나타나지 않았다. Ethyl ether 분획을 pH에 따라 알칼리성, 중성 및 산성으로 다시 분획한 결과 산성 분획에서 억제 효과가 가장 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 수수 줄기와 함유하고 있는 타감물질은 비극성이며 산성 특성을 가진 물질이라 추측된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted from 1991 to 1993 at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon to investigate the effects of previous crop residues on growth and yield of succeeding corn(2ea mays L.) and also to determine the best double cropping system necessary to maximize the total dry matter yield of winter forage crops plus corn for silage. In this experiment, treatments consisted of no crop as a control, late maturing Kodiak rye(Seca1e cereale L.), Bamapoli forage rape(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera L.), G-sprinter oats(Avem sativa L.), Chief crimson clover(Trifolium incarnatum L.), Jackson Italian ryegrass(lo1ium rnultiJlorum L.), Vantage vetch(Vicia sativa L.) and early maturing Koolgrazer rye(Seca1e cereale L.). Corn leaf number and silking date were not significantly affected by previous crop residues, but the leaf number of corn following Italian ryegrass was reduced by 1.9 relative to no previous crop. The plant height and LA1 were significantly reduced during early development when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak rye (p<0.05). The dry matter and estimated TDN yields of corn were significantly reduced when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak rye. The yield reductions for corn following Italian ryegrass, late maturing Kodiak rye and early maturing Koolgrazer rye, relative to com when no previous crops were planted, were 34, 17 and 8%, respectively. Therefore, the reduction in corn growth and yield in this experiment could be explained by an allelopathic effect resulting from the Italian ryegrass and rye residues. The highest total dry matter yield of 30,509kg/ha was obtained from an early maturing rye-corn double cropping sequence in combination among the eight cropping systems.