• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

In preparing sodium alginates from sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) powder using the Mexican process, alkaline extraction, conversion to alginic acid and reversion to sodium alginates were used to increase purity. The effect of hot water treatment and dialysis on measuring the average molecular weight of sodium alginates were investigated. Intrinsic viscosity and average molecular weight of sodium alginates after dialysis were higher than those before dialysis. Average molecular weight of sodium alginates treated with hot water was higher than that without. Hot treatment has little effect on the ash content of sodium alginates. Ash content of sodium alginates before dialysis were $27-30\%$ those after dialysis were $10\%.$ After dialysis, Na content was highest $(89-91\%),$ K was $11-12\%,$ Ca was $1.9\%,$ and Mg was $0.05\%.$ Ash content of alginates had little effect on average molecular weight. SAV (slope of apparent viscosity) of alginates solution after dialysis showed higher values than before. SAV of the alginates with hot water treatment were higher than without treatment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 1991

The effect of gamma irradiation on physico-chemical properties of salted sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) was investigated. Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment of salted sea mustard were partially decreased by irradiation. However there was no significant difference in the retention rate of pigment between control and 2 kGy-irradiated samples after six months of storage at around $10^{\circ}C$, ranging values of 74 to 77% in chlorophyll and 54 to 56% in carotenoid. Total organic acids and volatile acids associated with the organoleptic quality of sea mustard increased in the samples of lower salt concentrations and of higher storage temperatures. The softening of sample tissue by irradiation was shown to be correlated with the extraction properties of alginic acid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

In order to investigate whether Eisenia bicyclis (EB) as a functional food material improves serum lipid status, supplementation of EB powder or EB extract to the high fat/cholesterol diet was tested in 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks. In the first experiment, four kinds of seaweed powder -Eisenia bicyclis (EB), Undaria pinnatifida (Up), Laminaria japonica (LJ), and Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) were compared with alginic acid (ALG) as well as control. In the second experiment, EB water extract and EB ethanol extract and EB pill containing EB and LJ powder were compared with the EB powder. Amounts of dietary fiber contained in experimental diets were adjusted to provide 5% of diets. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lower only in rats fed LJ or EB powder, but HDL cholesterol was higher in rats fed UP, LJ, ES or EB powder. Ratios of HDL-/total cholesterol of all seaweed groups including ALG were significantly higher than that of the control group. Serum triglyceride was lower in LJ, EB nd ES powder groups than the control group. In comparison of EB extracts, triglyceride level was decreased in rats fed only EB water extract as compared to control rats, but HDL cholesterol was elevated with both water and ethanol extracts. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride were decreased and HDL cholesterol was increased by the EB pill. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were lower in rats fed ES powder, and EB powder, EB water extract or EB pill, as compared to the control rats. Supplementation of EB powder and EB pill reduced serum level of GOT and GPT, respectively, as compared to the control group. In conclusion, EB and EB pill improve serum lipid status and may be utilized as ingredient of functional foods for the purpose of improving serum lipid profile and inhibiting peroxidation of lipids.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 1996

In order to survey the safety of some food additives, antimicrobial activity of acidulants, stabilizers, antioxidants, natural coloring materials and bleaching agents against 5 strains of bacteria and Sacch. cerevisiae were investigated by dilution method and minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) method. Malic acid as acidulants displayed the effective antimicrobial activity in vitro against P. aeruginosa and its MIC is 0.05%. Alginic acid and pectin as stabilizer also displayed strong antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and tannin(antioxidants) and $NaHSO_3$ displayed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested. However gums(Arabia, Xanthan, Gua) and natural coloring materials(Hongwha Yellow, Red powder-N) were not affected to growth of bacteria and Sacch. cerevisiae.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.195-213
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify novel extracts of brawn algae with the high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity. To achieves this, an composition, deodorant performance and free radical scavenging activity were analyzed in powder and water extracts of Ecklonia cava(PEC/EEC), Saccharina japonica(PSJ/ESJ), Eisenia bicyclis(PEB/EEB), Sargassum spp.(PSS/ESS) and Hizikia fusiformis(PHF/EHF) using several analytical methods. Major component of five powders was verified as PEC, phlorotannin; PSJ, alginic acid and glutamic acid; PEB, carotenoid, chlorophyll, phlorotannin, tocopherol and fucoxantin; PSS, ${\beta}$-carotene and polyphenol; PHF, tannin. The highest level of DPPH scavenging activity was detected in EEC($IC_{50}=23.018{\mu}g/ml$), followed by EEB, ESJ, EHF and ESS. The deodorizing performance to ammonia was maintained high level in PEC, PSJ, PEB and PSS, while PHF showed low level in the same condition. But, the deodorizing performance to acetic acid was slightly higher in PSJ and PEC than those of PEB, PSS and PHF. Based on the results of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing capacity, we selected fractions of S. japonica as leading extracts and further prepared the 70% acetone extract (AESJ) and 70% ethanol extract (EESJ) from PSJ. The contents of total flavonoid, total phenol and total condensed tannin was significantly increased with 112-209% in AESJ and EESJ compared to those of ESJ. Also, a similar enhancement was observed on the level of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing performance against ammonia/acetic acid in AESJ and EESJ. Therefore, these results suggest that AESJ and EESJ contained with high total phenol and total condensed tannin contents may exhibit high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for antibacterial deodorant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.747-752
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• 2004

Alginates were extracted from the Laminaria religiosa, Undaria pinnatifida, and Hizikia fusiforme by using four different extraction methods and compared the yields of alginate. Acid-alkali soluble alginate (AASA) extraction method from Undaria pinnatifida resulted in the best yield of alginate among the seaweeds. The optimal condition for extracting alginate from Laminaria religiosa was 0.4 N H$_2$SO$_4$ and 3% NaCO$_3$ concentrations at the AASA extraction method. The alginate yields of hot water extractable material (HWEM) water soluble alginate (WSA), alkali soluble alginate (ASA) and AASA in Hizikia fusiforme were 18.6, 4.7, 22.5 and 26.5%, respectively. The alginates manufactured by the WSA extraction method showed more bright color than those of the ASA and AASA extraction methods. The alginate prepared by the ASA extraction method from Hizikia fusiforme showed the higher viscosity than that of the ASA extraction method. The molecular weight of the alginate from Hizikia fusiforme was 33.3 kDa to 121.6 kDa depending on the extraction method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.524-530
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• 2019

Kelp (Saccharina japonica) contains various bioactive compounds, including vitamins, minerals (especially iodine and potassium), alginic acid, fucoxanthin, and various antioxidants. Kelp is mainly used as a dried product. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stabilities of antioxidant capacities and fucoxanthin of kelp by different conventional drying conditions including hot air drying at 70℃ and natural drying methods. Fucoxanthin, total phenolic contents, and total antioxidant capacity by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays were significantly decreased after 5 to 10 h of hot air drying at 70℃. The assay values were also significantly decreased by 50% after 2 days of drying due to ultraviolet exposure. The findings demonstrate that heat and ultraviolet exposure during drying of kelp could affect the degradation of bioactive compounds, especially fucoxanthin and polyphenols. Optimal conditions should be considered during kelp drying and storage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2015

Scaffold fabrication technology using a 3D printer was developed for damaged bone tissue regeneration. A scaffold for bone tissue regeneration application should be biocompatible, biodegradable, and have an adequate mechanical strength. Moreover, the scaffold should have pores of satisfactory quantity and interconnection. In this study, we used the polymer deposition system (PDS) based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) to fabricate a 3D scaffold. The materials used were polycaprolactone (PCL) and alginic acid sodium salt (sodium alginate, SA). The salt-leaching method was used to fabricate dual pores on the 3D scaffold. The 3D scaffold with dual pores was observed using SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy) and evaluated through in-vitro tests using MG63 cells.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

Fully or nearly fully 6- [4- (4'- (nitrophenylazo)phenoxycarbonyl)]pentanoated polysaccharide derivatives were synthesized by reacting cellulose, amylose, chitosan, chitin, alginic acid, pullulan or amylopectin with 6- [4- (4'- (nitrophenylazo)phenoxy) ] pentanoyl chloride (NA6C) and their thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviors were investigated. Like in the case of NA6C, all the polysaccharide derivatives formed monotropic nematic phases, suggesting that the mesophase structure of the polysaccharide derivatives is dertermined by the mesogenic side groups and not by the polysaccharide backbone. This is the first report of polysaccharide derivatives, except cellulose derivative, that form thermotropic nematic phases. The thermal stability and degree of order of the nematic phases observed for poly saccharide derivatives were significantly different from those reported for the polymers in which the azobenzene groups are attached to flexible or rigid backbones through flexible spacers. The results were discussed in terms of the difference in the arrangement of the main and side chains and the flexibility of the main chain.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.22.1-22.6
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• 2017

The antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of dietary supplementation of sea tangle from Goseong and the alginate-free residue of sea tangle were investigated in Sprague Dawley rats treated with a high-fat diet, streptozotocin, poloxamer 407, and bromobenzene. The alginate-free residue of Goseong sea tangle induced a significant reduction in triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, as well as a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Alginate-free Goseong sea tangle residue reduced the activities of the phase I enzymes aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, which had been increased by intraperitoneal injection of bromobenzene. Pretreatment with Goseong sea tangle residue prevented a bromobenzene-induced decrease in epoxide hydrolase activity. Bromobenzene reduced hepatic glutathione content and increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels. Pretreatment with alginate-free Goseong sea tangle residue prevented lipid peroxidation induced by bromobenzene, but pretreatment with Goseong sea tangle did not. These results suggest that Goseong sea tangle residue exerted antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities that were higher than those induced by alginate-containing sea tangle. Therefore, the alginate-free residue may contain physiologically unknown active components, other than alginic acid, which may potentially be used to prevent hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis.