• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.1 s.343
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• pp.79-88
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• 2006

In this paper, we designed and implemented ubiquitous u-Health system using RFE and ZigBee. We made a wireless protocol Kit which combines RFE Tag recognition and ZigBee data communication capability. The software is designed and developed on the TinyOS. Wireless communication technologies which hold multi-protocol stacks with RFID and result in the wireless ubiquitous world could be Bluetooth, ZigBee, 802.11x WLAN and so on. The environments that the suggested u-Health system may be used is un-manned nursing, which would be utilized in dense sensor networks such as a hospital. The the size of devices with RFID and ZigBee will be so smaller and smaller as a bracelet, a wrist watch and a ring. The combined wireless RFID-ZigBee system could be applied to applications which requires some actions corresponding to the collected (or sensed) information in WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network) and/or WPAN(Wireless Person Area Network). The proposed ubiquitous u-Health system displays some text-type alert message on LCD which is attached to the system or gives voice alert message to the adequate node users. RFE will be used as various combinations with other wireless technologies for some application-specific purposes.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

Recently, as the importance of Economical Driving has been gradually growing up, the needs for research on automatic analysis of driving patterns that will ultimately provide drivers the methods for Economical Driving have been increasingly risen. Based on this purpose, we have executed two things in this paper. First, we have collected overall driving information such as date, distance, driving time, speed, idle time, sudden acceleration/deceleration count, and the amount of fuel consumption. Second, we have analyzed the influences of driving patterns on economical driving by employing the data mining techniques. These results can be applied in preventing bad driving patterns which will have consequently bad effects on Economical Driving in two aspects: by presenting some information on the terminal of the vehicles such as idle time, over-speed time, sudden acceleration/deceleration count continuously and by providing the drivers with alert information when the idle time ratio and the over-speed time ratio are excessive.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.157-161
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• 2009

In recent years, there is a remarkable progress in ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies), and then many attempts to apply ICTs to other industries are being made. In the field of disaster managements, ICTs such as RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) are used to provide safe environments. Actually, various types of early warning systems using USN are now widely used to monitor natural disasters such as floods, landslides and earthquakes, and also to detect human-caused disasters such as fires, explosions and collapses. These early warning systems issue alarms rapidly when a disaster is detected or an event exceeds prescribed thresholds, and furthermore deliver alarm messages to disaster managers and citizens. In general, these systems consist of a number of various sensors and measure real-time stream data, which requires an efficient and rapid data processing technique. In this study, an event-driven architecture (EDA) is presented to collect event effectively and to provide an alert rapidly. A publish/subscribe event processing method to process simple event is introduced. Additionally, a complex event processing (CEP) technique is introduced to process complex data from various sensors and to provide prompt and reasonable decision supports when many disasters happen simultaneously. A basic concept of CEP technique is presented and the advantages of the technique in disaster management are also discussed. Then, how the main processing methods of CEP such as aggregation, correlation, and filtering can be applied to disaster management is considered. Finally, an example of flood forecasting and early alarm system in which CEP is incorporated is presented It is found that the CEP based on the EDA will provide an efficient early warning method when disaster happens.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2014

CRC feature in a high-speed semiconductor memory devices such as DDR4/GDDR5 increases the data reliability. Conventional CRC method have a massive area overhead and long delay time. It leads to insufficient internal timing margins for CRC calculation. This paper, presents a CRC code method that provides error detection and a real-time matrix type CRC. If there are errors in the data, proposed method can alert to the system in a real-time manner. Compare to the conventional method(XOR 6 stage ATM-8 HEC code), the proposing method can improve the error detection circuits up to 60% and XOR stage delay by 33%. Also the real-time error detection scheme can improve the error detection speed to agerage 50% for the entire data bits(UI0~UI9).

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.817-824
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• 2021

The SDN(Software Defined Networking) technology, which appeared to overcome the limitations of the existing network system, resolves the rigidity of the existing system through the separation of HW and SW in network equipment. These characteristics of SDN provide wide scalability beyond hardware-oriented network equipment, and provide flexible load balancing policies in data centers of various sizes. In the meantime, many studies have been conducted to apply the advantages of SDN to data centers and have shown their effectiveness. The method mainly used in previous studies was to periodically check the server load and perform load balancing based on this. In this method, the more the number of servers and the shorter the server load check cycle, the more traffic increases. In this paper, we propose a new load balancing technique that can eliminate unnecessary traffic and manage server resources more efficiently by reporting to the controller when a specific level of load occurs in the server to solve this limitation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.211-226
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to reveal the essential meaning of deviant peer through Phenomenological approach method on experiences of the teenagers. For an in-depth understanding of the experience world of the teenagers, researcher sought the essential meaning structure about the four Life-world Existentials of constructing human's live-world. Data had been collected through the researcher, the participants' observation, field note, content analysis, as well as in-depth interview "With them. Based on an analytical process of hermeneutical phenomenology of van Manen, researcher analysed essential meanings of the data in light of the four Existential categories through separating thematic statement, decision of essential theme and rewriting. The structure of the deviant peer experienced by the teenagers has been analyzed by the hermeneutical phenomenology so as to extract 28 composition meanings, 30 phenomenon and 18 structure of experience. The results examined by each theme are as follows. This study demonstrates that essential meaning structure of the study participants in the world is the experience of boundary, alert'.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.220-227
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• 2012

After The Ramsar Convention took place in Korea in 2008, public interest in environment heightened, and the government has been allocating its budget for conserving our environment. Therefore, the present study focuses on eco-friendly spatial images particularly shown in ecological museums in Korea which recognizes the value of the environment and the ecology and tries to both protect them and alert people about it. The purpose of this study is proving what consist of eco-friendly spatial images by analyzing the expressive word of eco-friendly images and the image of space, providing a basic data for future space planning of ecological museums. To do this, the present study proceeds in three steps. First of all, the base of research in analyzing stage is firmly established by grasping general theories and terms regarding spatial image. As a second step, the composition and the characteristics of exhibition is clarified through on-spot investigation to provide comparative data for spatial image assessment in the future. Also through this step, we could understand how the exhibits are designed currently. In the last stage of research, expressive words regarding eco-friendly spatial images are extracted and used to analyze the spatial image of ecological museums. And the following three conclusions is deduced. First, the expressive words of eco-friendly spatial image that are extracted are as following: "healthy", "coexisting", "clean", "blending", "warm", "soft", "lively", "pure", "cool", "fresh ", "comfortable", "relaxed", "mild", "free", "harmonious", and "healing". As the second conclusion, color, and material, the formation which is an architectural factor did not have a great impact on forming eco-friendly image, but the color and the material did. The third conclusion was that the display with natural aspects actively utilized increased eco-friendly spatial image.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on pain and anxiety of the hospice patients. This study was devised with a quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent contrast group non-synchronized design. The data were collected during the period from July 10 to September 25 in 2000 at the general hospital in CheonJu city. The subjects were sixty-seven patients who referred the hospice service. They were assigned to two groups, 36 members of the experimental group and 30 members of the contrast group. They also did not any complication, were alert enough tobe interviewed and agree willingly to participate in this study. The tools used were Yoon's Korean Version of Brief Pain Inventory and Spielberger's State Anxiety Scale. The spiritual care intervention was carried out through Hymn, Scripture, Prayer, the therapeutic use of self over a period of three weeks. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The results of this study were as follows: 1.The examination of the same quality showed that there were not significant differences in the general characters, disease and therapeutic characters, religional characters between the experimental group and the contrast group. 2.After the spiritual nursing intervention pain scores of the experimental group were remarkably lower than those of the contrast group(right now pain: t=-2.634, p=0.012). 3.Decreasing rate in the pain scores of the experimental group were remarkably lower than those of the contrast group(right now pain: t=5.017, p=0.000). 4. After the spiritual nursing intervention state anxiety of the experimental group were remarkably lower than those of the contrast group(t=-5.987, p=0.000). 5. A positive correlation was found between reported pain and depression following the spiritual nursing intervention. In conclusion, the hospice patients who were offered spiritual care became lower than those who were not offered spiritual care and confirmed to decrease pain. According to these results, spiritual nursing intervention can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieved pain and anxiety of the hospice patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.743-758
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• 1996

This paper was done to verify the use of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) which was developed by McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman(1992) with modifications so that it is appropriate for Korean elders. Through the modified tool, it is possible to examine the mood of Korean elders and to contribute to the welfare of elders. The subjects were 370 elderly persons over 60 years old and the data for 319 persons(86%) were analyzed. The research tool was the POMS translated by Yun(1993) and corrected by the researcher. Data were collected between February 12 and April 9 in 1996 and analyzed using the SAS package. The result are as follows 1. Items with low Cronbach coefficient alpha which means low correlation with total items were removed. The items were removed : friendly, tense, considerate, relaxed, sympathetic, resentful, good-natured, rebellious, trusting, carefree. 2. Overlapped or ambiguous items were discussed by colleagues and elders through verification of con-tent-validity and were removed. Five items were removed in tense-anxiety, seven, in depression-dejection, three, in vigor-activity, three, in fatigue-inertia, two, in confusion-bewilder-ment, five, in friendliness, and six, in anger-hostility. Thirty four items remainined : angry, clear-headed, lively, confused, sorry, shaky, list-less, peeved, sad, active, blue, hopeless, spiteful, uneasy, unable to concentrate, fatigued, helpful, nervous, lonely, cheerful, bitter, exhausted, anxious, ready to fight, sluggish, helpless, alert, deceived, efficient, worthless, forgetful, terrified, vigorous, and uncertain about things. 3. Factor analysis was done in order to confirm construct validity and three factors were obtained from the result. The first factor, 'anxiety-depression' included 21 items, the second factor, 'vigor' included eight items, and the third factor, 'anger' included five items. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 34 items was. 95. Based on the result, the following is suggested : 1. a contribute to elder's welfare can be made by examining Korean elder's mood in life. 2. there is a need to develop tools appropriate to Korean culture which can be used to examine elders' mood. 3. The modified POMS tool needs to be reverified with appropriate age groups and settings.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.387-399
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• 2009

Mobile wireless networks continue to be plagued by theft of identify and intrusion. Both problems can be addressed in two different ways, either by misuse detection or anomaly-based detection. In this paper, we propose a dissimilarity-based anomaly detection method which can effectively identify abnormal behavior such as mobility patterns of mobile wireless networks. In the proposed algorithm, a normal profile is constructed from normal mobility patterns of mobile nodes in mobile wireless networks. From the constructed normal profile, a dissimilarity is computed by a weighted dissimilarity measure. If the value of the weighted dissimilarity measure is greater than the dissimilarity threshold that is a system parameter, an alert message is occurred. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through a simulation. From the result of the simulation, we know that the proposed method is superior to the performance of other anomaly detection methods using dissimilarity measures.