• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.648-655
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• 2007

Nowadays, to realize ubiquitous computing environment, many research activities have been going on within various kinds of research domains including automatic identification sensor network, home network, telematics and so on. Especially, RFID middleware that supports the aggregation of RFID tag data, control and management, and the integration with legacy systems has recently gained a lot of attention. Meanwhile, EPCglobal defined an ALE(Application Level Events) standard specification, which exists between RFID readers and applications, and substitutes the previous systems called Savant. In the specification internal structures and implementation technologies of ALE are not mentioned and only external interfaces are defined. This approach easies the verification of standard compliance and inter-operability of the layer. In this paper, we present the design of ALE-compliant RFID middleware systems that process RFID tag data efficiently.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.793-803
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• 2020

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is an evolutionary engineering approach in artificial conditions that improves organisms through the imitation of natural evolution. Due to the development of multi-level omics technologies in recent decades, ALE can be performed for various purposes at the laboratory level. This review delineates the basics of the experimental design of ALE based on several ALE studies of industrial microbial strains and updates current strategies combined with progressed metabolic engineering, in silico modeling and automation to maximize the evolution efficiency. Moreover, the review sheds light on the applicability of ALE as a strain development approach that complies with non-recombinant preferences in various food industries. Overall, recent progress in the utilization of ALE for strain development leading to successful industrialization is discussed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.487-494
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 배경잡음이 섞여 있는 QRS 파의 증대를 위해 신경망에 근거한 적응라인증대기(ALE) 적용을 다루고 있다. Elman과 Jordan RNN 구조의 합성형태를 갖는 수정된 완전연결 리커런트 신경망이 ALE의 비션형 적응필터로 사용되고 있다. 신경망 노드사이의 연결계수와 이득, 기울기, 지연과 같은 노드 활성함수의 변수들이 기울기 강하 알고리즘을 사용하여 학습이 반복될 때마다 갱신된다. 수정된 신경망은 먼저 미지의 선형과 비선형 시스템 identification을 수행함으로써 평가하였다. 그리고 미약한 QRS를 증대시키기 위해서 적당한 크기의 잡음과 매우 심한 잡음이 포함된 실제의 ECG 신호를 비선형 신경망 적응필처를 사용하는 ALE에 입력하였다. 수정된 신경망은 시스템 identification에 사용하기가 적합함을 확인하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과에 의하면 신경망 ALE는 잡음 ECG 신호로부터 QRS 파를 증대를 잘 수행하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.217-220
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• 2000

This paper describes the application of a neural network based adaptive line enhancer (ALE) for enhancement of the weak QRS complex corrupted with background noise. Modified fully-connected recurrent neural network is used as a nonlinear adaptive filter in the ALE. The connecting weights between network nodes as well as the parameters of the node activation function are updated at each iteration using the gradient descent algorithm. The real ECG signal buried with moderate and severe background noise is applied to the ALE. Simulation results show that the neural network based ALE performs well the enhancement of the QRS complex from noisy ECG signals.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.461-468
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• 2008

RFID technology is one of the core technologies for ubiquitous computing, and many research activities have been going on in this research area currently. Related with these researches, mobile RFID network services using mobile devices having a built-in RFID reader and mobile networks have been launched in Korea, for the first time in the world. In this paper, we propose a method to coulect ALE middleware suggested by EPCglobal and existing mobile RFID network services. Especially, a RFID code conversion method is proposed to process mobile RFID code systems within ALE middleware systems. Using the proposed method, application developers and(or) content business industries can acquire the information they want, which is filtered and refined in real-time or periodically, from mobile RFID users. So, they can Provide customized services to users by using the user preference information. In this war, the ALE middleware system can be easily extended to process mobile RFID code effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11-25
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• 2006

The current RFID middleware standard is ALE (Application Level Event) of EPCglobal that takes the lead in RFID standardization. ALE suggests the minimal interface and extension points so that it can be operated independently from system infrastructure, and actual implementation is left to vendors. But there is no specific mention with regard to functional extension through extension points, and It is very hard to extend or modify the function on running system. To solve this problem, we suggest AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming)-based ALE middleware framework for developing RFID middleware. In addition, we designed aspect for RFID middleware for implementing and extending functions according to ALE rules and for the convenience of maintenance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2009

The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE, in short) method is the new description of continum motion, which combines the advantages of the classical kinematical descriptions, i.e. Lagrangian and Eulerian description, while minimizing their respective drawbacks. In this paper, the ALE description is adapted to simulate fluid-structure interaction problems. An automatic re-mesh algorithm and a fluid-structure coupling process are included to analyze the interaction and moving motion during the 2-D axisymmetric solid rocket interior FSI phenomena simulation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.657-662
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• 2006

Immunological activities of the combined-administration of Acanthopanacis Cortex and Lycii Cortex Radicis were examined in BALB/C mice. The 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Acanthopanacis Corter (AE) or the 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Acanthopanacis Coriex and Lycii Cortex Radicis (ALE) were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days, respectively. AE did not affect the viability of thymocytes, but ALE decreased the viability of thymocytes. ALE enhanced the viability of splenocytes increased by AE. Also, AE enhanced the population of cytotoxic T cell in thymocytes, and ALE enhanced the population of helper T cell compared with AE. Furthermore, AE increased the population of $Thy1^+$ cells in splenocytes, and increased the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells. In addition, ALE enhanced the phagocytic activity which was decreased by AE ALE decreased the production of nitric oxide increased by AE in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that ALE enhance an immune-regulative action of AE.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.103-104
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• 2009

RFID는 LBS를 구현하는데 있어서 비용대비 효과가 크기 때문에 산업계에서 많이 사용하고 있다. 기존의 RFID 기반 LBS 연구에서는 RFID 리더기에서 제공하는 수많은 정보 중에서 꼭 필요한 정보만을 필터링 해야 할 필요성은 제기하였으나 표준 스펙을 지원하지 않음으로 실제 현장에서 사용하기 어려웠다. 이에 본 연구에서는 EPCglobal의 ALE1.1 표준을 이용하여 ALE1.0 만으로는 불가능하였던 문제를 해결하고 LBS에 적용하는 방법을 제시한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 2012

Incremental forming is a cold working process in which a small part of the material is being deformed and the area of local deformation is moving over the entire material. In this paper, we study description schemes to perform finite element analysis for the incremental forming. The selected description schemes to examine are the Lagrangian description and the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description. The sliding boundary scheme coupled with ALE is also examined to overcome the distortion problems of elements on the contact surface. Results show that the ALE description with the sliding boundary scheme is most favorable in overcoming the distortion of elements. This description leads to make the simulation continued to the final stage of the incremental forming. On the other hand, the Lagrangian description as well as the original ALE description makes the elements much distorted and the analysis is stopped long before arriving at the final shape of deformation.