• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It is well-known that alcohol consumption is associated with stroke risk as well as with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2) polymorphisms. However, it is unclear whether ALDH2 polymorphisms are associated with stroke risk independent of alcohol consumption and whether such association is modified by sex. We evaluated sex-specific associations of a common ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption with stroke risk in a Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 8,465 men and women, aged 40-69 years and free of stroke between June, 2001 and January, 2003, and followed for the development of stroke. We identified new cases of stroke, which were self-reported or ascertained from vital registration data. Based on genome-wide association data, we selected a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2074356), which shows high linkage disequilibrium with the functional polymorphism of ALDH2. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis considering potential risk factors collected from a baseline questionnaire. RESULTS: Over the median follow-up of 8 years, 121 cases of stroke were identified. Carrying the wild-type allele of the ALDH2 polymorphism increased stroke risk among men. The multivariate hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of stroke was 2.02 [1.03-3.99] for the wild-type allele compared with the mutant alleles, but the association was attenuated after controlling for alcohol consumption. Combinations of the wild-type allele and other risk factors of stroke, such as old age, diabetes mellitus, and habitual snoring, synergistically increased the risk among men. Among women, however, the ALDH2 polymorphism was not associated with stroke risk. CONCLUSIONS: The prospective cohort study showed a significant association between a common ALDH2 polymorphism and stroke risk in Korean men, but not in Korean women, and also demonstrated that men with genetic disadvantages gain more risk when having risk factors of stroke. Thus, these men may need to make more concerted efforts to control modifiable risk factors of stroke.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2000

칡추출물이 알코올성 뇌손상에 미치는 영향 을 구명하기 위해 알코올을 투여한 흰쥐에게 갈화와 갈근을 수준별 (I;1.2 g/kg B.W., II;2.4 g/kg B.W.) 로 5주간 급여한 후 \ulcorner 열수추출물이 알코올 대사와 유리기 생성 및 제거효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. ADH 활성응ㄴ 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여시 에탄올만 투 여한 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소한 반면, ALDH 활성은 갈근추출물 급여군에서 유의 적으로 증가하였는데 1수준군의 증가정도가 현저하였다. P450 함량과 AD, AH 활성은 대조 군에 비하여 칡 열수추출물 급여시 감소되는 경향이었는데 갈근 급여군의 감소효과가 현저 하게 나타났다. AO와 XO 활성은 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여군이 대조군에 비하여 감소되었 는데 특히 갈근추출물 1수준군에서 현저하게 나타났다. SOD 활성은 칡 열수추출물 급여시 증가하였으며 CAT와 GSH-Px 활성은 에탄올 투여로 증가된 활성이 갈근 열수추출믈 I 수 준 급여시 유의적으로 증가되었다. 이상의 결과에서 갈화 및 갈근 열수추출물 급여는 뇌조 직 중의 에탄올 대사효소계의 활성을 촉진시켰으며, 유리기제거 효소의 활성을 억제하고 항 산화효소계를 활성화하여 에탄올 투여에 인한 뇌조직의 산화적 스트레스를 완화시킬 수 있 을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1636-1640
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• 2011

알츠하이머 질환은 인지능력과 행동능력 두 가지에 모두 영향을 미치는 진행적 노인성 치매증의 일종으로 정확한 발병기전은 아직 알려져 있지 않으나 환경적 요인 및 유전적 요인이 모두 중요한 위험인자로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 8주간 에탄올에 노출된 Aldh2 knockout mouse 뇌조직을 분리하여 알츠하이머 질환의 지표로 잘 알려진 아밀로이드 베타와 NF-kB 발현을 평가하고 이러한 변화가 ALDH2 효소의 활성에 따라 어떻게 달라지는 지 비교하였다. 그 결과, 8주간 에탄올을 경구 투여한 마우스에서 ALDH2 효소의 활성에 따른 NF-kB 농도의 차이는 확인할 수 없었으나, ALDH2 효소 활성은 알코올 노출에 의한 해마조직의 아밀로이드 베타 축적에서 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과는 ALDH2 효소가 결핍된 사람이 결핍되지 않은 사람에 비해 알코올에 의한 알츠하이머 질환의 발생에 보다 민감할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

주ㆍ야 (day, night phase) 시차에 따른 toluene 대사를 검토할 목적으로 흰쥐에 50% toluene (olive oil과 toluene의 동량혼합액)을 체중 100 g 당 0.2 ml씩 밤 12시, 낮 12시에 각각 투여한 다음 각각 8시간 후에 처치하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 간 microsomal aniline hydroxylase 활성은 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 대조군 및 toluene 투여군 모두 높게 나타났으며, cytosol의 benzylalcohol dehydrogenase (BADH) 활성은 night phase군과 day phase군간에 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었으나, toluene 투여시에는 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 효소의 활성도가 오히려 억제되었다. 또한 간 조직의 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (BALDH) 활성은 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 다소 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며, toluene 투여시에는 night phase군에서는 대조군 보다 오히려 감소되었으나 day phase 군에서는 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 in vitro 시험에서 benzylalcohol 및 benzaldehyde가 BADH 및 BALDH 활성을 억제시킴이 관찰되었다. 요 중 hippuric acid 함량은 대조군 및 toluene 투여군 모두 night phase군과 day phase군간에는 별다른 차이를 볼 수가 없었다. 한편 toluene 투여로 인한 체중 당간 무게 및 혈청 xanthine oxidase활성 증가율은 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 높게 나타났다. 이상 실험결과를 종합해 볼 때 요 중 hippuric acid함량이 주ㆍ야 시차에 따라 별다른 차이가 없는데도 불구하고 toluene으로부터 benzylalcohol 및 benzaldehyde 생성률이 day phase군 보다 night phase군이 높게 나타남으로서 toluene 대사산물에 의한 간 손상 정도가 day phase군 보다 night phase군이 높게 나타난 것으로 사료되어 진다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant mechanism of tomato wine with varying lycopene content in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 per group) and fed an HFD (35% of total energy from fat) plus ethanol (7.2% of total energy from alcohol), tomato wine with varying lycopene content (0.425 mg%, 1.140 mg% or 2.045 mg% lycopene) or an isocaloric control diet for 6 weeks. Mice fed HFD plus ethanol significantly increased erythrocyte hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels with increases in activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) compared to pair-fed rats. Supplementation of tomato wine with varying lycopene content decreased ethanol-mediated increases of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in HFD-fed rats, and tomato wine with higher lycopene appeared to be more effective. Tomato wine also dose-dependently lowered TBARS levels with decreased pro-oxidant enzyme, xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in plasma of HFD-fed rats. In contrast to erythrocytes, the inhibitory effects of tomato wine on hepatic lipid peroxidation were linked to increased hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and alcohol metabolizing enzyme (alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase) activities. There were no significant differences in hepatic XOD and cytochrome P450-2E1 activities among the groups. Together, our data suggest that tomato wine fortified with lycopene has the potential to protect against ethanol-induced oxidative stress via regulation of antioxidant or pro-oxidant enzymes and alcohol metabolizing enzyme activities in plasma, erythrocyte and liver.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2005

To investigate the effect of Feelch on alcohol metabolism, we measured both blood alcohol concentration in human and hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzyme activity in rats. The blood alcohol concentration in Feelch-ingested group was significantly lower than that in water-ingested group at 0, 40, and 80 minute after alcohol intake. The blood alcohol concentration between male and female taken 300ml of $21\%$ alcohol showed the significant differences; the peak value of blood alcohol concentration in male and female were $0.083\pm0.014\%\;and\;0.108\pm0.018\%$, respectively. In alcohol-fed rats, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was significantly increased, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was not changed. In both Feelch-fed group and Feelch plus alcohol-fed group, ADH and ALDH activity were significantly increased as compared with each control group. Feelch decreased phospholipase $A_2$ activity and lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissue and activities of serum aminotransferases as compared with control. These results suggest that Feelch may have a hepatoprotective effects and this is likely due to lower blood alcohol concentration via the increment of hepatic ADH and ALDH activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause hangover symptoms, such as headache, drowsiness, dizziness, gastrointestinal distress, and anxiety. The aim of this study was to investigate alcohol metabolizing enzyme activities and antioxidant activities of fruit-vegetable juices containing Angelica keiskei prepared using a low speed masticating juicer in vitro. The acceleration rate of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) by A. keiskei-cherry tomato juice (ACJ) and A. keiskei-green grape juice (AGJ) were $163.8{\pm}4.3%$ and $148.2{\pm}6.9%$, respectively. The acceleration rate of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by ACJ and AGJ were $185.6{\pm}9.5%$ and $161.1{\pm}4.8%$, respectively. Total polyphenol of ACJ and AGJ were $111.1{\pm}1.6mg/dL$ and $100.8{\pm}2.9mg/dL$, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activities of ACJ and AGJ were $62.0{\pm}0.5%$ and $61.3{\pm}0.4%$, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that alcohol degrading enzyme activities can be enhanced by fruitvegetable juices containing A. keiskei.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Telomere length is a useful biomarker for determining general aging status. Some studies have reported an association between alcohol consumption and telomere length in a general population; however, it is unclear whether the alcohol flush reaction, which is an alcohol-related trait predominantly due to acetaldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, is associated with telomere length. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the associations of alcohol consumption and alcohol flush reaction with leukocyte telomere length (LTL). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study included 1,803 Korean adults. Participants provided blood specimens for LTL measurement assay and reported their alcohol drinking status and the presence of an alcohol flush reaction via a questionnaire-based interview. Relative LTL was determined by using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis used multiple linear regression models stratified by sex and age groups, and potential confounding factors were considered. RESULTS: Age-specific analyses showed that heavy alcohol consumption (> 30 g/day) was strongly associated with a reduced LTL in participants aged ${\geq}65years$ (P < 0.001) but not in younger participants. Similarly, the alcohol flush reaction was associated with a reduced LTL only in older participants who consumed > 15 g/day of alcohol (P < 0.01). No significant alcohol consumption or alcohol flush reaction associations with LTL were observed in the sex-specific analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that older alcohol drinkers, particularly those with the alcohol flush reaction, may have an accelerated aging process.

• 대한융합한의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2023

Objectives : Alcohol-induced liver disease advances as to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular lipid peroxidation increase. We examined the hepatoprotective effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome extract (ZR), Pueraria lobata Ohwi flower extracts (PF), and a newly developed herbal juice (HJ), which was a combination of ZR and PF extracts, against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: The study utilized the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells to validate the hepatoprotective effect of HJ (50~200 ㎍/mL) against ethanol (EtOH, 700 mM)-induced liver damage. Results: HJ effectively reduced the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, adiponectin, and AMP-activated protein kinase in EtOH-induced HepG2 cells. The levels of ROS, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, which are the result of various synthesis and lipogenesis processes induced by EtOH in the liver, were reduced by HJ. Furthermore, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, enzymes linked to alcohol degradation, were more effectively downregulated by HJ treatment compared to treatment with ZR and PF alone, all without causing cytotoxic effects. Conclusions: HJ protects the liver by inhibiting EtOH-induced lipogenesis, lowering ROS generation, and improving alcohol degradation, which is more effective than ZR and PF alone. Further, in vivo experiments can offer additional evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and underlying mechanism of action of HJ.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2023

This study confirmed the change in functional composition and alcohol-induced acute liver injury in Aloe arborescens after fermentation. An acute liver injury was induced by administration of ethanol (3 g/kg/day) to C57BL/6J mice for 5 days. A fermented A. arborescens Miller leaf (FAAL) extract was orally administered 30 minutes before ethanol treatment. After fermentation, the emodin content was approximately 13 times higher than that of the raw material. FAAL extract significantly attenuated ethanol-induced aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride increases in serum and liver tissue. Histological analysis revealed that FAAL extract inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration and fat accumulation in liver tissues. The cytochrome P450 2E1, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH), which involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress, were effectively regulated by FAAL extract in serum and liver tissues, except for GSH. FAAL also maintained the antioxidant defense system by upregulating heme oxygenase 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression. In addition, FAAL extract inhibited the decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, which promoted alcohol metabolism and prevented the activation of inflammatory response. Our results suggest that FAAL could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for ethanol-induced acute liver injury.