• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2011

The sea tangle, Laminaria japonica has long been used in Korea as a folk remedy to promote health. Gamma-amino butyric acid-enriched (5.56% of dry weight) sea tangle was obtained by fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis BJ-20 (FLJ). A suppressive effect of FLJ on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity has been shown previously. Alcohol administration to Sprague-Dawley rats leads to hepatotoxicity, as demonstrated by heightened levels of hepatic marker enzymes as well as increases in both the number and volume of lipid droplets as fatty liver progresses. However, FLJ attenuated alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and the accumulation of lipid droplets following ethanol administration. Additionally, FLJ increased the activities and transcript levels of major alcoholmetabolizing enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and reduced blood concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde. These data suggest that FLJ protects against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and that FLJ could be used as an ingredient in functional foods to ameliorate the effects of excessive alcohol consumption.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

This study was designed to elucidate the effect of fermented blackberry drinks (BD) on alcohol metabolism and hangover in alcohol-treated rats. We showed that the administration of BD increased the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in alcohol-treated rats. Moreover, the administration of BD reduced the serum alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations in alcohol-treated rats. Furthermore, the administration of BD attenuated the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in alcohol-treated rats. Taken together, these results suggest that BD plays an important role in alcohol metabolism and liver function by reducing blood alcohol and acetaldehyde through the activation of ADH and ALDH in alcohol-treated rats and could be used as a functional anti-hangover drinks.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.610-615
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• 2010

Alcohol is the most widely psychoactive drug and has known in almost all civilization since ancient time. Recently increase consuming alcoholic beverages, alcohol is on of the major public health problems in the world. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) play important roles in the metabolism of alcohols and aldehydes. The drink consists of medicinal herbs, Puerariae Radix, Phyllostachyos Folium, Citri Pericarpium, Polygonati Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Rhizoma (Vinegar), which have been widely used in oriental medicine. This study was designed to investigate effects of medicinal herbal drink (MHD) on alcohol metabolism in drunken SD rats subjects. In experiment, rats were treated to ethanol (EtOH, 3 g/kg, PO) at 60 min. after saline (CON) or MHD (1 ml/kg, PO) administration. The blood alcohol concentration (BAC), blood acetaldehyde concentration (BALC) activities of ADH, ALDH, AST and ALT were significantly decreased in MHD group than in control group as a time-dependent manner. And drinking water volume in MHD group with duplicate treatment, were significantly decreased than in CON group. These results suggested that MHD intake could give an influence upon the reduction in BAC and BALC may alleviate acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.647-658
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• 1993

The susceptibilities of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to active oxygen generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system were studied. Incubation of AldDH with 2$\times$10$^{-3}$ units of XOD for 30 min at $25^{\circ}C$ resulted in the decrease of enzyme activity to 30% and it was inactivated completely when incubated with 5$\times$10$^{-3}$ units of XOD. Whereas 70% of ADH activity was retained after exposure to 5$\times$10$^{-3}$ units of XOD for 30 min, 40% of ADH activity was retained after exposure to 5$\times$10$^{-2}$ unit of XOD for 30 min. This inhibition effect by the active oxygen was preventable by catalase and glutathione, but not by SOD. The rates of the NADPH-dependent oxygen consumption by the liver S-9 mixture and microsomes were also determined in this study. Rate of oxygen consumption is increased in the liver S-9 mix and microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rat, and it was consistent with increased lipid peroxidation. In the presense of ethanol as a substrate, the oxygen consumption rates were increased. It is reported that hepatic AldDH activity is depressed in alcoholic liver diseases, however there is few report that explains the reason of depressed AldDH activity. These results are supportive of the theory that the increase in hepatic ethanol oxidation through the induced ME activity after chronic ethanol feeding generate oxygen radical at elevated rates and it leads to the depression of AldDH activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is very difficult to obtain stable production of qualified ginseng roots because of variable stresses in soil environments. In transformation of ginseng with betain aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, compounds synthesized for controlling osmotic pressure such as proline, glycine, betaine, polyols and sugar were accumulated in cell for salt resistance in transgenic plants. 2 Agrobactgerium conjugants were acquired with bet A and bet B genes for solt resistant plants. A. tumefaciens MP90/pBetA and A. tumefaciens MP90/pBetB were recombined for increasing the tolerance to salt stress. To confirm the transformation of the binary vector, tobacco plant was transformed, and the transformant can grow on media containing high concentration of kanamycin. To identify NPT 11, BetA and BetB genes of the transformants, the band on the agarose was confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR techniques. The transformants of ginseng with bet A and bet B genes were acquired on the phytohormone free basic MS media containing only antibiotics and 1M mannitol used for selection of transgenic plant, but the transfomation efficiency for BetA and BetB was very low.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Alcohol metabolizing activity of fermented sea tangle juice (FSYJ) using Lactobacillilus brevis BJ20 were evaluated by measuring relative alcohol dehydrogenease (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities. According to the results of MTI assay. the fermented sea tangle juice by Lactobacillilus brevis BJ20 appeared safe in the cytotocxity. The relative ADH activity of FSTJ showed 124% at 10 mg/mL, which increased with increasing concentration. The relative ALDH activity showed, however, insignificant difference (P>0.05) between concentrations of FSTJ up to 50 mg/mL. These results suggested that fermented sea tangle juice by L. brevis BJ20 could be used as a potential material for metabolizing alcohol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1994

The present stduy was undertaken to investigate the possible effect of Puffer fish skin extract (Pf) on the heptic acetaldehyde metabolism . It was obsrved that PF markedly decreased the acetaldehyde levels in blood and liver. The activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald DH) increased by induction of acute intoxicatiion of alcohol (5 g/kg) was further increased through pretreatment with PF for 2 weeks. When PF was given to rat fed with 25% alcohol solution instead of water for 6 weeks. the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to about 28% compared with sucrose-treated group. But after pretreatemnt of PF, the activity was restored to the normal level. By the treatment with disulfiram (300 mg/kg, once a day for 3days) was restored to the control after the pretreatment with PF. And also mitochondrial Ald DH activity in vitro was not changed. All these observations suggest that reduction of acetaldehyde levels are partly due to increase activity of mitochondrial Ald DH. Therefore, the recovery from intoxication of acetaldehyde may be enhanced by treatment with PF.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.442-450
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• 2019

Despite its potential as a renewable source for fuels and chemicals, lignin valorization still faces technical challenges in many aspects. Overcoming such challenges associated with the chemical recalcitrance of lignin can provide many opportunities to innovate existing and emerging biorefineries. In this work, we leveraged a biomass genetic engineering technology to produce phenolic aldehyde-rich lignin structure via downregulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). The structurally altered lignin obtained from the Arabidopsis thaliana CAD mutant was pyrolyzed to understand the effect of structural alteration on thermal behavior of lignin. The pyrolysis was conducted at 400 and $500^{\circ}C$ using an analytical pyrolyzer connected with GC/MS and the products were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that aldehyde-rich lignin undergoes fragmentation reaction during pyrolysis forming a considerable amount of C6 units. Also, it was speculated that highly reactive phenolic aldehydes facilitate secondary repolymerization reaction as described by the lower yield of overall phenolic compounds compared to wild type (WT) lignin. Quantum mechanical calculation clearly shows the higher electrophilicity of transgenic lignin than that of WT, which could promote both fragmentation and recondensation reactions. This work provides mechanistic insights toward biomass genetic engineering and its application to the pyrolysis allowing to establish sustainable biorefinery in the future.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2006

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and Aldehyde dehydroganase (ALDH) activities of turnip extracts with ultrasonification at $60,\;100^{\circ}C$ temperature were investigated. Ultrasonification extracts showed a increase as compared with the normal extracts. ALDH activities were high than ADH activities. So, turnip extracts was shown efficient plants in alcohol oxidation. Appraisers liked powder extracts better than liquid extracts in sensory score.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the alcohol degradation ability of fig enzyme in the production of cheese using Lactobacillus kitasatonis, Lactobacillus amylophillus, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides sub. The strains were highly resistant to ethanol, acid, and bile acid. When 10% of fig enzyme was added, the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in each strain were approximately 170, 270, and 190% higher, respectively, than in samples without fig enzyme. The addition of 10% of fig enzyme to produce cheese with the L. amylophillus strain showed an approximately 250% increase in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase degradation. In conclusion, when fig enzyme was added to produce cheese using L. amylophillus, high alcohol degradation ability was observed. The applicability of fig enzyme addition was confirmed for the production of functional food.