• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a 100 kPa soil tensiometer mainly consisted of a porous ceramic cup, water-holding tube, and a digital vacuum gauge, through theoretical design analysis and experimental performance evaluation. Major findings were as follows. 1. Theoretical analysis showed that air entry value of a porous media decreased as the maximum effective size of the pore increased, and the maximum diameter of the pores was $2.9\;{\mu}m$ for measuring up a 100 kPa of soil-water tension. 2. Property analysis of tensiometer porous cups supplied in Korean domestic market indicated that main components were $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ with a porosity range of $33.8{\sim}49.3%$. 3. The porous cup selected through sample fabrication and air-permeability tests showed weight ratios of 87% and 11% for $Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$. The analysis of SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showed that the sample was sintered at temperatures of about $1150^{\circ}C$, which consisted of pores with sizes of up to 25% of those for commercial porous cups. 4. The prototype soil tensiometer was fabricated using the developed porous cup and a digital vacuum gauge that could measure water tension with a pressure of 85 kPa in air tests. 5. In-soil tests of the prototype conducted during a period of 25-day drying showed that soil-water tension values measured with the prototype and commercial units were not significantly different, and soil-water characteristic curves could be established for different soils, confirming accuracy and stability of the prototype.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.139-152
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• 1996

불포화토에 대한 흐름문제를 해석하기 위해서는 비선형으로 표시되는 부간극수압과 함수비 사이의 관계를 알아야 한다. 본 논문에서는 주문진 표준사, 한강모래 및 세립함유율이 다른 몇가지 화강풍화토에 대하여 2가지 실험기구로 이 관계를 측정하고 그 특성을 규명하였다. 여기서 얻은 자료를 이용하여 이 관계를 실험없이 추정가능한 경험식에 쓰이는 경험상수들을 얻었다. 몇가지 경험식중 van Genuchten(1980)의 것이 실험곡선과 잘 부합된다. 화강풍화토에 대해서는 세립함유율(No.200체 통과율)의 증가에 따라 경험상수들도 거의 일정하게 증가하는 경향을 보인다는 것을 알게 되었다. 따라서 이 관계를 이용하여 화강풍화토에 대한 함수특성곡선의 추정이 가능하다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper was to confirm the application of the equation of the soil-water characteristic curve on an unsaturated soil. To this ends, a series of suction test was conducted on the selected 4 kinds of soil which is located in Korea, using the modified pressure extractor apparatus. And it was carried out to analyze the experimental parameters which can describe the soil-water characteristics, were determined by using the data obtained from the experiment. From the results, it was found that the matric suction was varied according to the grain size distribution, amount of fine grain particle and void ratio. Also it was found that the residual volumetric water content was decreased with the void ratio, but the index related air entry value, the soil parameter related water content and the parameter with residual water content were increased with the void ratio. And the application of equation of the soil-water characteristic curve was confirmed for the various conditions and the various state by the comparison between the volumetric water content measured by the experiment and the predicted values.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1250-1255
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• 2010

In this study, in order to examine the hydraulic characteristics for a crushed stone mat. it was accomplished discharge capacity test and soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC) with the object of the research. From the test result, it produced propriety mixed ratio of the crushed stone which mixes the sand. at the time of crushed stone 100% where it does not mixes the sand it appeared that permeability was biggest. increase of shock and content of the sand showed decrease of air entry value.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.261-273
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• 1993

불포화 영역에서의 침투현상이나 역학적 특성을 파악하기 위해서는 불포화투수계수와 함수특성곡선(含水特性曲線)의 측정이 필요하다. 주문진 표준사를 대상으로 pF시험의 흡인법(수두법)과 가압판법을 이용해 함수특성곡선을 구하고 Richard형 불포화투수시험 장치를 개선한 장치에서 glass필터 $P_3$와 $P_4$를 이용하여 불포화투수계수와 함수특성곡선을 구하였다. 또한 대표적인 추정식을 사용하여 표준사에 대한 불포화투수계수와 함수특성곡선을 유도하고 각각의 실험치와 비교 검토하였다. 불포화시험 계측에 없어서는 안될 필터의 선택기준을 제시하고자 필터의 공기침입압(AEV)과 포화투수계수를 측정하여 양자 사이의 상관성을 나타내었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.687-706
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• 2015

Methods commonly used to evaluate the improvement of lime-treated expansive soil include swelling characteristics and unconfined compressive strength. In the field, lime-treated expansive soils are in compacted unsaturated state. Soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) represent a key parameter to interpret and describe the behavior of unsaturated expansive soil. This paper investigates the use of SWCC as a technique to evaluate improvements acquired by expansive soil after lime treatment. Three different lime contents were considered 2%, 4% and 6% by dry weight of clay. Series of tests were performed to determine the SWCC for the different lime content under curing periods of 7 and 28 day. Correlations between key features of the soil water characteristic curves of lime treated expansive soils and basic engineering behavior such as swelling characteristics and unconfined compression strength were established. Test results revealed that initial slope ($S_1$), saturated water content ($w_{sat}$), and air entry value (AEV) play an important role in reflecting improvement in engineering behavior achieved by lime treatment.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

The aim of the work described in this paper was to confirm the application of the equation of the soil-water characteristic curves on an unsaturated soil. A series of suction test for unsaturated soils was conducted on the selected 4 kinds of soil using modified pressure extractor apparatus. And it was carried out to analyse The experimental parameters which can be describe the soil-water characteristics, were determined by using the data obtained from the experiment. From the results, it was found that The matric suction varied according to the grain size distribution, amount of fine grain particles and void ratio. Also it was found that the residual degree of saturation was decreased with in crease of the void ratio, but the pore size distribution index and air entry value were increased with in crease of the void ratio. And The application of the soil-water characteristic curve equation was confirmed for the various conditions and the various state by the comparison between the measured degree of saturation and the predicted degree of saturation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2369-2379
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• 2013

불포화 조건에서 흙의 초기 밀도에 따라 흙-함수특성곡선이 변화시키게 되며, 이로 인하여 불포화 조건에서 투수특성도 변화하게 된다. 이에 대한 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 상대밀도 40%, 60% 및 75%의 주문진 표준사에 대한 건조 및 습윤과정에서의 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)과 불포화 투수계수함수를 산정하였다. van Genuchten (1980)의 방법을 이용하여 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)을 산정한 결과 공기유입값과 관계된 계수 ${\alpha}$는 습윤과정에서 더 큰 값을 가지며, 변곡점의 경사에 관계된 계수 n과 잔류함수비에 관계된 계수 m은 건조과정에서 더 큰 값을 갖는다. 그리고 상대밀도가 증가할수록 공기함입치는 증가하지만 수분함입치는 감소하며, 동일한 상대밀도에서 공기함입치는 수분함입치보다 크게 발생된다. 한편, 계수추정방법 가운데 하나인 van Genuchten (1980)의 방법을 적용하여 불포화 투수계수함수를 산정한 결과 불포화 투수계수는 포화시 투수계수로 일정하게 유지되다가 공기함입치 혹은 수분함입치 직전에 급격하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 건조과정에서의 포화투수계수는 습윤과정에서의 포화투수계수보다 크게 나타나며, 상대밀도가 증가함에 따라 건조 및 습윤과정에서의 포화투수계수는 감소한다. 실험결과에 의하면 주문진 표준사의 초기 간극비에 따라 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)에서의 공기함입치(AEV)는 감소하고 포화투수계수는 증가하므로, 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)과 불포화 투수계수함수(HCF)는 초기 간극비에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

This study investigates the feasibility of using the results of the UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) test to assess the UCS (unconfined compressive strength) of unsaturated soil. A series of laboratory tests was conducted on samples of unsaturated lateritic soils of northern Taiwan. Specifically, the unconfined compressive test was combined with the pressure plate test to obtain the unconfined compressive strength and its matric suction (s) of the samples. Soil samples were first compacted at the designated water content and subsequently subjected to the wetting process for saturation and the following drying process to its target suction using the apparatus developed by the authors. The correlations among the UCS, s and UPV were studied. The test results show that both the UCS and UPV significantly increased with the matric suction regardless of the initial compaction condition, but neither the UCS nor UPV obviously varied when the matric suction was less than the air-entry value. In addition, the UCS approximately linearly increased with increasing UPV. According to the investigation of the test results, simplified methods to estimate the UCS using the UPV or matric suction were established. Furthermore, an empirical formula of the matric suction calculated from the UPV was proposed. From the comparison between the predicted values and the test results, the MAPE values of UCS were 4.52-9.98% and were less than 10%, and the MAPE value of matric suction was 17.3% and in the range of 10-20%. Thus, the established formulas have good forecasting accuracy and may be applied to the stability analysis of the unsaturated soil slope. However, further study is warranted for validation.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 공극 네트워크 모델을 이용하여 사질토의 함수특성곡선을 수치해석적으로 획득하였다. 주문진표준사의 시편을 고해상도 3차원 X-ray CT 촬영하여 공극 영상을 획득하였고, 이를 공극방과 공극목으로 이루어진 관망으로 재구성하였으며 이 때 관의 반경은 공극목의 최소반경으로 정의하였다. 모세관압에 영향을 미치는 공극목의 반경은 세선화알고리즘과 유클리디언 거리변환을 통해 계산하였다. 수치해석적으로 얻은 함수특성곡선을 실험결과와 비교하였으며, 수치해석 결과는 실험결과에 비해 공기함입치가 과대평가 되었으나 전체 모세관압은 유사한 분포를 나타냈다. 또한 실험결과로부터 도출된 상대투수율은 높은 포화도에서 수치해석 결과에 비해 큰 값을 보였다.