• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2006

농약 등록 후에 농업 생산 현장에서 사용되는 농약에 대한 사용실태 및 작물별 단위면적당 사용량을 조사하기 위하여 2003년부터 2004년까지 작물별 주산단지별, 재배면적을 감안하여 292명의 농가를 선정하여 조사하였다. 농약안전사용기준 준수사항은 벼, 엽채소류 재배농가 모두가 대체적으로 잘 지키고 있었다. 조사농민의 대부분은 농약의 선택정보와 구매결정은 시판상이나 농협판매담당자의 권고에 의하여 결정하고 있었다. 작물별 단위면적당 농약사용량은 벼 5.51 kg $ha^{-1}$, 노지배추 3.91 kg $ha^{-1}$, 시설배추 2.93 kg $ha^{-1}$, 상추 0.76 kg $ha^{-1}$, 시금치 0.55 kg $ha^{-1}$, 잎들깨 1.34 kg $ha^{-1}$, 부추 4.83 kg $ha^{-1}$, 열무 0.42 kg $ha^{-1}$로 조사되었다. 벼, 상추, 시금치, 잎들깨에서는 사용량이 4년 전에 비해 감소하였으나 배추는 농약사용량이 증가하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권7호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

Contamination in the drainage channels and creeks with pesticides used in agriculture is of a major concern in many countries. In this study the stream pesticide model RIVWQ (chemical transport model for riverine environments) was assessed for its applicability in simulating pesticide fate in drainage channels. The model was successfully calibrated against field data collected on flows and pesticide concentrations for a drainage channel from a small catchment in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of southwestern New South Wales. The effects of different pesticide loading scenarios from farm fields on channel water quality were analysed by the calibrated model. The model simulated the flow rates and the pesticide concentrations in the drainage channel well. The results of the model simulation suggest that the RIVWQ model can be effectively used for predicting pesticide fate in the drainage channels and exposure assessment of pesticide in the agricultural environment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of abolishing the low-pesticide agricultural product certification on environmentally friendly farming. A survey was conducted to quantitatively analyze farming practices and factors that change farming practice. It was found that only 17.0% of low-pesticide fruit farmers said that they will change their farming practice into organic or pesticide-free farming. With regard to the factors of farming practice change, binomial logistic regression model was applied for the analysis. In the analysis, it was found that farmers who grow the low-pesticide agricultural product are more likely to change their farming practice into organic or pesticide-free farming, as their expected price of organic or pesticide-free products is high, their area size is small, price premium of low-pesticide agricultural product is low, the frequency of their training is high. It is necessary to enhance the direct payment system to enlarge organic and nonpesticide acreage, and pest management techniques for fruits should be developed for low-pesticide fruit farmers to change their practice into organic and nonpesticide practice. Dissemination of cultivation manual, introduction of insurance to farmers, improvement of certificate system, and advertising and marketing of environment-friendly agricultural products are useful to develop environment-friendly agriculture.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2003

국내 과수용 농약에 대한 농가사용실태를 파악하여 농산물의 안전성과 농약관리를 위한 자료로 활용하고자 국내 주요 과수류인 사과, 감률, 포도, 복숭아, 배, 감 등 6종의 과수를 대상으로 재배면적별 35지역 150농가를 선정하여 국내 과수재배 환경중 농약의 사용량을 조사 분석하였다. 과수용 농약의 년간 살포 회수는 배가 15.2회로 가장 많았고, 감은 7회로 가장 적었다. 단위면적당 농약사용량은 감률 39.5, 사과 22.1, 배 21.5, 복숭아 11.9, 감 10.8, 포도 6.7 a.i. kg/ha이었으며, 사과, 감률, 포도, 감의 사용량은 1999년도 사용량 다 약간 감소하였다. 주요 사용농약은 살균제는 mancozeb, propineb, dithianon 등, 살충제는 fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, methidathion 등이었다. 조사대상 과수 6종에 사용된 농약의 총 주성분량을 계산한 결과는 2,834.7 M/T으로 2002년도 원예용 농약 출하량 대비 18.3%를 차지하였다. 또한, 국내 과수별 단위면적당 농 약사용량을 2001년도 미국의 농약사용량과 비교한 결과 사과는 22.la.i. kg/ha로 한국이 많았으나 감률 등 나머지 작물에서는 미국의 사용량이 많은 편이었다. 본 시험에서 얻어진 결과는 농약의 위해성 감소, 농업환경 보존 및 농약관리를 위해 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of pesticide residues in 3,735 agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul from January to December in 2008. 3,735 samples, comprising 119 types of agricultrural products were assessed via a multiresidue method to detect 260 pesticides. Pesticide residues were detected in 19.7% (737 of 3,735 samples), and the rate at which the detected residues violated the maximum residue levels(MRLs) of the Korean Food Code was 3.2% (121 of 3,735 samples). Pesticide residues were detected in 72 spin-aches, 64 peppers, 45 sweet peppers, 40 perilla leaves, 38 korean cabbages and 37 dried agricultural products. The samples that violated the MRLs included 14 perilla leaves, 13 spinaches, 12 leek, 6 lettuces(leaf), 6 chards and 6 gyeojchaes. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, tebuconazole and fenvalerate were all frequently observed. Procymidone, endosulfan, dimethomorph and diniconazole were the pesticides most frequently detected at levels that violated the Korean Food Code MRLs.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides among the agricultural products in northern area of Seoul in 2007. 3,026 samples was analyzed by multiresidue method. Detected Pesticide in 11 cases were procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cyermethrin, fenvalerate, hexaconazole, carbendazim, pendimethalin, permethrin, parathion and exceeded 7 cases of endosulfan, procymidone, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate in the maximum residue limits(MRLs). Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos comprised up to 80.5% in detected pesticides. Among the 321 cases of detected agricultural products, 287 cases(89.4%) were vegetables, 25 cases (7.8%) were fruits, Others were 9 cases(2.8%).

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

Since 1982, female agricultural workers are populous than male in Korea. Previous study was suggested that female workers are more sensitive to the agricultural medicine poisoning than male. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the impact on plasma components and nutrient intakes in female agricultural workers by the use of pesticides. Data were obtained from 44 females residing in Wonjoo, Kangwon-do area. Analysis for the general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and plasma components of the subjects were performed by physical examination, 24-hour recall method and venous blood sampling. They were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of the pesticide use: 8 in none(Non-expose group), 14 in low(<4/yr)(Low-expose group), and 22 in high$({\geq}4/yr)$(High-expose group). The results are summarized as follows. Serum glucose, SGOT, SGPT, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol did not correlated with pesticide use and were not different among the groups. But serum total cholesterol was higher in pesticide use group. With increasing the number of pesticide use times, leukocyte count was tended to increased. Eighty two percent of the subjects were hemoglobin less than or equal to 12g/dl. Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum Fe, Serum ferritin belonged to normal range and did not correlated with pesticide use. Intake of energy, Fe, vitamin $B_2$ were lower than RDA. Fe, K, and vitamin A intake were higher in don't use group than the other groups. There are not many differences according to using the pesticide in anthropometric measurements, nutrient intakes, and blood components, except for serum total cholesterol level and some nutrients intake. But these results suggest the need the systemic researches about the effects the pesticide using on nutritional status in Korean agricultural workers.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2000

국내 농업환경 중 농약지표 설정을 위해 16개 지대 29지역 100농가를 대상으로 수도 재배용 농약 실제 사용량을 조사 분석하였다. 또한 농약별 실제 사용량에 따른 잔류 경향을 알아보고자, 조사농가에서 재배된 벼의 현미 및 볏짚 중 농약잔류량을 분석하였다. 수도재배시 용도별 농약 실제 사용량은 살충제 43%, 제초제 29%, 살균제 27%를 나타냈으며, 살충제 중 주요 사용농약은 carbofuran, BPMC, cartap 등이었다. 제초제는 혼합제인 molinate+pyrazosulfuran-ethyl과 butachlor, 살균제의 경우 IBP와 혼합제 isoprothiolan+tricyclazole이 우선적으로 사용되었다. 제형별 농약사용량은 입제농약 위주의 사용경향을 나타냈으며 GR>DP>WP>EC>FG>SP 순이었다. 수도재배 단위면적당(a.i./ha) 농약사용량은 7.13 kg이었으며, 전국 총 사용량을 추산한 결과 8,387 M/T로 추정되었다. 용도별 농약 실제 사용량과 출하량과의 일치도는 살충제 84.3%, 제초제 77.8%, 살균제 94.7%로 나타났고 총 실물량 일치도는 97%이었다. 농약 실제 사용량에 따른 농약잔류성은 살균, 살충제로서 사용 빈도가 높은 농약인 BPMC와 IBP가 $57.7{\sim}94.9%$의 높은 검출빈도를 나타냈으며, 이들 농약의 잔류수준은 허용기준 미만이었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

국내 유통 중인 친환경농산물 중 과채류와 과실류의 잔류농약 모니터링을 통해 친환경인증 농산물의 잔류농약 실태조사 및 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 서울을 포함한 전국 8개 도시 9개 지점의 대형마트와 친환경농산물 전문판매점에서 25종의 과채류와 과실류를 555점 채취한 후 acetamiprid를 포함한 245종 농약을 대상으로 GC-ECD/NPD와 HPLC-DAD/FLD를 이용한 다성분동시분석법으로 잔류농약을 분석하였으며, 분석결과 농약으로 추정되는 peak는 GC-MSD를 이용하여 재확인하였다. 잔류농약 분석결과 555점의 시료 중 사과를 포함한 4점의 시료에서 bifenthrin, EPN 및 chlorpyrifos가 검출되었으며, 검출율은 0.72%이었다. 농약이 검출된 4점의 시료 중 잔류량은 모두 잔류허용기준(maximum residue limit, MRL) 이내였으나 EPN이 검출된 배는 잔류량이 허용수준인 MRL의 1/20을 초과하였다. 일일최대섭취허용량(maximum permissible intake, MPI) 대비 일일섭취추정량(estimated daily intake, EDI)은 0.76% 미만이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.929-935
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, and qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChE)- detection kit, based on a modification of the Ellman and ELISA methods, for the detection of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticide. The developed kits were used to screen a large number of agricultural samples (spiked and real) for OP and CB pesticide residues. AChE was extracted from the heads of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using Triton X-100, and was purified through 3 steps: diethylaminoethylcellulose chromatography (DEAE), affinity chromatography and membrane filtering, and Mono-Q column chromatography. Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography was used for large-scale purification. The presence of OP and CB pesticide residues in agricultural samples was assayed on the basis of AchE inhibition value. The presence (6 bands) or absence of some colored bands on the test line indicated a negative or positive result, respectively. The limits of detection for measured organophosphorus (OP) and carbamates (CB) pesticide residues in standard pesticide solutions and fortified samples were ranged from 0.50 to 2.50 ppm and 0.50 to 4.75 ppm, respectively.