• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-133
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• 2014

With a growing concern about climate change and green house gases mitigation, carbon labeling policy has been launched in several countries as an environmental policy which connects low carbon production to low carbon consumption. This research aims to propose a model that explains consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This model specifies the consumer's psychological processes by which consumer values, such as autonomy and environmental values, affect carbon labeling product and corporate images and finally form brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. Panel data were collected in two separate surveys and analyzed using a structural equation technique. Results are summarized as follows. First, consumers' autonomy value(AV) positively affects locus of control(LC) and corporate image(CI). Second, consumers' environmental value(EV) positively influences perceived consumer effectiveness(PCE), which in turn has a negative effect on perceived barriers(PB). Perceived barriers finally affect product image(PI) negatively. Third, both corporate image and product image have causal relationships with brand loyalty. Our results suggest that carbon labeling policy contributes not only to the reduction of greenhouse gases but also to the increase of consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This research also provides governments with directions for efficient environmental policy and firms with guidance on effective marketing strategies about carbon labeling.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2001

Absorption potential of oak charcoal was estimated using simulated static and dynamic systems to establish a model for practical application of the charcoal in modified atmosphere (MA) packaging and during the storage of 'Fuji' apples. Practical MA packaging was performed using $60{\mu}m$ PE film zipper bags in which five apples were placed. Absorption potential of oak charcoal was $58.4{\mu}L/100g$ charcoal for ethylene and 583 mg/100 g charcoal for carbon dioxide. Effects of enclosing a 100 g-charcoal packet inside a MA package seemed not to last long enough for quality maintenance of 'Fuji' apples stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for three months. During extended storage, ethylene and $CO_2$ levels were not significantly reduced by charcoal treatment. Nevertheless, absorption of carbon dioxide appeared to alleviate the incidence of $CO_2$-related internal browning disorder. Modelling study of practical storage and marketing procedure indicates that 0.19 kg charcoal/day is required to offset $CO_2$ production from 15 kg of apples at $0^{\circ}C$. The amount of charcoal should be increased to 3.10 kg/day if ethylene is a target gas. From the practical point of view, the results suggest that charcoal could be used only for small unit packages for a short period.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Recently, machine learning technology has had a significant impact on society, particularly in the medical, manufacturing, marketing, finance, broadcasting, and agricultural aspects of human lives. In this paper, we study how to apply machine learning techniques to foods, which have the greatest influence on the human survival. In the field of Smart Farm, which integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) technology into agriculture, we focus on optimizing the crop growth environment by monitoring the growth environment in real time. KT Smart Farm Solution 2.0 has adopted machine learning to optimize temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Most existing smart farm businesses mainly focus on controlling the growth environment and improving productivity. On the other hand, in this study, we are studying how to apply machine learning with respect to harvest time so that we will be able to harvest fruits of the highest quality and ship them at an excellent cost. In order to apply machine learning techniques to the field of smart farms, it is important to acquire abundant voluminous data. Therefore, to apply accurate machine learning technology, it is necessary to continuously collect large data. Therefore, the color, value, internal temperature, and moisture of greenhouse-grown fruits are collected and secured in real time using color, weight, and temperature/humidity sensors. The proposed FPSML provides an architecture that can be used repeatedly for a similar fruit crop. It allows for a more accurate harvest time as massive data is accumulated continuously.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-62
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• 2021

Purpose: Our purpose in this study was to examine the strategies for the development of watermelon industry using unstructured big data analysis. That is, this study was to look the change of issues and consumer's perception about watermelon using big data and social network analysis and to investigate ways to strengthen the competitiveness of watermelon industry based on that. Methodology: For this purpose, the data was collected from Naver (blog, news) and Daum (blog, news) by TEXTOM 4.5 and the analysis period was set from 2015 to 2016 and from 2017-2018 and from 2019-2020 in order to understand change of issues and consumer's perception about watermelon or watermelon industry. For the data analysis, TEXTOM 4.5 was used to conduct key word frequency analysis, word cloud analysis and extraction of metrics data. UCINET 6.0 and NetDraw function of UCINET 6.0 were utilized to find the connection structure of words and to visualize the network relations, and to make a cluster of words. Results: The keywords related to the watermelon extracted such as 'the stalk end of a watermelon', 'E-mart', 'Haman', 'Gochang', and 'Lotte Mart' (news: 015-2016), 'apple watermelon', 'Haman', 'E-mart', 'Gochang', and' Mudeungsan watermelon' (news: 2017-2018), 'E-mart', 'apple watermelon', 'household', 'chobok', and 'donation' (news: 2019-2020), 'watermelon salad', 'taste', 'the heat', 'baby', and 'effect' (blog: 2015-2016), 'taste', 'watermelon juice', 'method', 'watermelon salad', and 'baby' (blog: 2017-2018), 'taste', 'effect', 'watermelon juice', 'method', and 'apple watermelon' (blog: 2019-2020) and the results from frequency and TF-IDF analysis presented. And in CONCOR analysis, appeared as four types, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results, the authors discussed the strategies and policies for boosting the watermelon industry and limitations of this study and future research directions. The results of this study will help prioritize strategies and policies for boosting the consumption of the watermelon and contribute to improving the competitiveness of watermelon industry in Korea. Also, it is expected that this study will be used as a very important basis for agricultural big data studies to be conducted in the future and this study will offer watermelon producers and policy-makers practical points helpful in crafting tailor-made marketing strategies.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the storage and post-storage changes of Cheorwon onions and onions for each region. Onion is a perennial plant belonging to the lily family. It is native to Persia of Southwest Asia. It is cultivated much in the temperate regions of the world. Cheorwon area is inland, but it has high continental climate due to its high altitude. Therefore it is said that the onion cultivated in this region has higher sugar content and higher taste than onion grown in southern region. Although the results of onion storage experiments in Cheorwon, Muan, Buan, and Changnyeong regions did not show much difference in weight, width, and height measurements before and after storage, Brix was reduced by approximately 1-2 brix. Before and after storing in each region, Brix was the highest in Cheorwon, Changnyeong, Buan, and Muan, and after saving, onions in Cheorwon were the same order. After each region was stored, the results showed that Cheorwon (112.3g), Muan (106g), Buan (102.1g) and Changnyeong (92.6g) had the highest hardness. Cold storage tests show that onions contain the least amount of corruption in paper boxes, while Cheorwon onions have the lowest level of corruption in other areas.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2009

In Korea chicken meat price is not determined in the auction markets, but it is artificially calculated using the live chicken price of one day before, transporting cost, converting rate of live chicken into carcass, and slaughtering cost. This calculated price is published through the mass media and used as the base for chicken meat transaction. By the way, since 85% of the Korean broiler industry is composed by the integrated system, the live chicken price is nothing to do with ex-factory price of chicken meat produced by the integrators. Under this pricing system, when we estimate the margin of the chicken meat through the marketing process, the margin of the integrator is fluctuated by the live chicken price of one day before, which is nothing to do with integrators; When the live chicken price is low, the margin of the integrators is low, but the margin of the selling agencies' is relatively high. On the contrast, when the live chicken price is high, the margin of the integrators is high, but the selling agencies' margin will be relatively low, because consumer's price could not be increased in parallel with increase of the live chicken price. Accordingly, the ex-factory price of chicken meat determined using the production cost of live chicken and slaughtering cost of the integrator by adding resonable margin of the integrator should be determined and published, so that it could be used for chicken meat transaction. In Japan the Zen-Noh Chicken Foods Corporation announce the ideal piece of chicken every morning, and all the transactions of the chicken meat will be determined based on this price. In Korea, it will be desirable to make bench marking from Japanese case, in other words the NH could announce the ideal price of chicken meat every morning, so that it would be the base price of chicken meat transaction. Even though the market share of the NH is less than 5%, its publicity should be accepted, since it is a subsidiary of the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-67
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• 1996

There are three main rice-growing regions in the United States: the prairie region along the Mississippi River Valley in eastern Arkansas; the Gulf Coast prairie region in southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas; and the Central Valley of California. The Central Valley of California is producing about 23% of the US rice(Fig. 1). In California. most of the crop has been produced in the Colusa, Sutter, Butte, Glenn Counties of the Sacramento Valley since 1912, when rice was commercially grown for the first time in the state(Fig. 2). Roughly speaking, the average annual area sown to rice in California is about 300,000 acres to 400,000 acres during the last forty years(Fig. 3). California rice is grown under a Mediterranean climate characterized by warm, dry, clear days, and a long growing season favorable to high photosynthetic rates and high rice yields. The average rice yield per acre is probably higher in California than in any other rice-growing regions of the world(Fig. 4). A dependable supply of irrigation water must be available for a successful rice culture. Most of the irrigation water for California rice comes from the winter rain and snow-fed reservoir of the Sierra Nevada mountain ranges. Less than 10 percent of rice irrigation water is pumped from wells in areas where surface water is not sufficient. It is also essential to have good surface drainage if maximum yields are to be produced. Rice production in California is highly mechanized, requiring only about four hours of labor per acre. Mechanization of rice culture in California includes laser-leveler technology, large tractors, self-propelled combines for harvesting, and aircraft for seeding, pest control, and some fertilization. The principal varieties grown in California are medium-grain japonica types with origins from the cooler rice climates of the northern latitudes (Table 1). Long-grain varieties grown in the American South are not well adapted to California's cooler environment. Nearly all the rice grown recently in California are improved into semidwarf varieties. Choice of variety depends on environment, planting date, quality desired, marketing, and harvesting scheduling. The Rice Experiment Station at Biggs is owned, financed, and administered by the rice industry. The station was established in 1912, as a direct result of the foresight and effort of Charles Edward Chambliss of the United States Department of Agriculture. Now, The station's major effort is the development of improved rice varieties for California.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 1977

The study was made to give some helpful information for policy-making on ornamental tree cultivation by doing a survey on general situations, management analysis, and future prospects of the ornamental tree growing. The study was carried out through literature studies related to the subject, questionaire surveys, and on-the-spot investigation. The questionaire surveys could be divided into two parts: pre-questionaire survey and main-questionaire survey. In the pre-questionaire survey, the researchers intended to identify the total number of ornamental tree growers, cultivation areas in size and their locations. The questionaires were sent to each town and county administration authorities, forest cooperatives, and related organizations through-out the nation. The main-questionaires were prepared for detailed study and the questionaires were sent to 200 tree growers selected by option by taking considerations of the number of tree growers and the size of cultivating areas in regions. The main findings and some information obtained in the survey were as follows: 1. The total land for ornamental tree growing was amounted to 1,873.02 hectares and the number of cultivators was totaled to 2,717. 2. The main occupations of the ornamental tree growers were found in horticulture (41.9%), agronomy (25.9%), officialdom (11.3%), animal husbandry (6.5%), business circle(4.8%), and forestry (3.2%) in sequence. 3. The ornamental trees were cultivated mostly upperland (54.8), forest land (19.4%), rice paddy (11.3%) and others. 4. The educational training of the tree growers seemed quite high. The results of the survey indicated that a large number of tree growers was occupied by college graduates (38.7%), and then high school graduates (34.7%), middle school graduates (12.9%) in order. 5. The tree farming was undertaken as a side-job (41.9%) rather than main-job (23.4%), but a few of respondents rated as subsidiary-job (18.6%). 6. The management status classified by the rate of hired labors used was likely to belong to three categories: independant enterprise management (41.9%); half independant management (31.5%); and self-management (32.4%). 7. The majority of the tree growers sold their products to the consumers through middle-man channel (48.4%), or directly to the house-holder and detailers (13.7%), but a few of the respondents answered that they disposed of their products by bidding (11.2%) or by direct selling to the contractors (4.8%). 8. The channel cf marketing seemed somewhat complicated. The results of the survey were as: (1) producers ${\rightarrow}$consumers (22.6%) (2) producers ${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$consumers (33.1%) (3) producers ${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$first stage brokers${\rightarrow}$consumers (15.3%) (4) producers ${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$second stage middle-men${\rightarrow}$brokers${\rightarrow}$consumers (5.7%) (5) producers${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$third stage middle-men${\rightarrow}$second stage middlemen${\rightarrow}$brokers${\rightarrow}$consumers (4.8%) 9. It was responded that the margin for each stage of middle-men or brokers was assumed to be 30-50%(33.1%), 20-30%(32.3%), 50-100%(9.7%), and 100-200%(2.4%) in sequence. 10. The difference between the delivery price of consumers and field selling price of the producers seemed quite large. Majority of producers responded that they received half a price compared to the consumer's prices. 11. About two thirds of the respondents opposed to the measure of "Law on Preservation and Utilization of Agricultural Land" in which says that all the ornamental trees grown on flat agricultural lands less than 8 degrees in slope must be transplanted within three years to other places more than 8 degrees in slope. 12. The tree growers said that they have paid rather high land taxes than they ought to pay (38.7%), but come responded that land tax seemed to be appropriate (15.3%), and half of the respondents answered "not known". 13. The measures for the standardization of ornamental trees by size were backed up by a large number of respondents (57.3%), but one third of the respondents showed negative answer (29.8%). 14. About half of the respondents favored the systematic marketing through organization such as forest cooperatives (54%), but quite a few respondents opposed to organizing the systematic marketing channel (36.3%). 15. The necessary measures for permission in ornamental tree cultivation was rejected by a large number of respondents (49.2%) than those of favored (43.6%).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.227-240
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• 2005

Health promotion has more comprehensive approaches in recent years. Nevertheless we accept the concept of health promotion differently, we are agree on that community is the most important field in health promotion which includes population at the aspect of health policy, individual skill and, environment. And there are a number of different approaches to health promotion. In them, 'population approaches' and 'high -risk group approaches' has the most different characteristics. 'Population approaches' is equally important or more important than 'individual approaches' for maintaining and promoting population health. Almost part of this article contents is the summary of the guideline and population strategy of health promotion in Korea, 1999 - 2005. Community based health promotion program should be reinforced, integrated, comprehensive, collaborative through efficiently utilizing community resources. Recent new orientation of community health program is integrated health program, we can find this orientation at Ottawa charter 1986. Comprehensive approaches with the determinant factors for health are essential task. Physical activity is a key health determinant. The population-health approach suggests that educating people about physical activity is not enough. Individual behavior changes are important too, but need to be balanced with strategies for environmental change. Population strategy with physical activity for health promotion should be developed through improving social and physical supportive environment, linking and integrating community resources between public and private sectors in national, regional and local level. Continuous public education and social marketing should be provided through collaborating with community physical activity organization, facilities, work-places and school for increasing concern of all the people of community about physical activity. Governments, agencies and citizens should held and participate to building movement. And the strategy that various 'active for life' program should be developed, delivered, maintained and reinforced continuously. Basically, adequate and sufficient financing, developing human resources, policies and legislation would be provided and supported fully too. At last, research development and knowledge exchange are required domestically and internationally. In Korea, we had classified the category of strategic priority of physical activity programs by environmental support, life-course approach, high-risk group approach and disease group approach for physical activity program based on community health center. Community based core programs for physical activity that includes infrastructure building and establishment of supporting environment, community campaign, health promotion education and public service announcement, physical activity programs for elderly and obesity, exercise prescription program.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.980-984
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• 2010

Research regarding respiration rate, off-flavor related material and freshness maintenance effect of active MA mini-packaging on perilla leaves has been carried in this study. Respiration rate was highly maintained at high oxygen treatments ($CO_2:O_2:N_2$=0:30:70 and 0:50:50), higher than non-treatment and low oxygen treatments (6:2:92, 0:10:90) during the storage period, and ethylene production was relatively higher. However, off-flavor related materials, acetaldehyde and ethanol production was noticeably low. Weight losses of non-treatment and low-oxygen treatment were about 1.8 and 1.4%, respectively. At the fifth day of storage there was no weight loss. Ascorbic acid content was 13.3 mg/100 g F.W. at the first day of storage. At the third day of storage non-treatment showed the lowest value of ascorbic acid, 8.8 mg/100 g F.W. Ascorbic acid content of active MA treatment gradually decreased without a striking difference as the storage day extended. Chlorophyll content was the lowest at the fifth day of storage with non-treatment, 47.5 (SPAD-502 unit) while the active MA treatment maintained high level of chlorophyll content, 53.0. Sensory evaluation (vision) showed that marketability gradually decreased but was maintained in high oxygen treatments (0:30:70 and 0:50:50), even at the fifth day of storage. Occurrence of off-flavor in non-treatment at the fifth day of storage was extremely low, 2.6; whereas high in high oxygen treatment, 3.4. Active MA packaging maintained freshness two more days at room temperature (about $27^{\circ}C$).