• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.132-136
• /
• 2009

Purpose: WHO(world health organization) announced the FRAX Tool(fracture risk assessment) of new software in the beginning of 2008. FRAX Tool was considered various risk factor, being different from existing fracture risk. In this study, we wanted to know the fracture risk of following the changing of the risk factor of fracture. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 women aged 50~60 were studied. We measured BMD at the part of femur neck which was based on the age, weight, height of individual with GE, Lunar-prodigy. The control group is fracture risk without considering fracture risk factor. The experimental group is previous fracture, parent fracture, current smoking, glucocorticoid, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis, alcohol. if each items makes one 'existence', others are all 'nothing'. and the results produced major osteoporotic region and hip fracture risk in 10-years. Statistics used t-test of SPSS 12.0. Results: The average rate of increment of major osteoporotic region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-74% increase, parent fracture-96% increase, current smoking-2% increase, glucocorticoid-61% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-29% increase, alcohol-20% increase, secondary osteoporosis-0.18% decrease. The average rate of increment of hip region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-84% increase, parent fracture-5% increase, current smoking-72% increase, glucocorticoid-84% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-40% increase, alcohol-52% increase, secondary osteoporosis-1.69% decrease. Conclusions: Each fracture risk factor has different rate of increment between major osteoporotic and hip region while in occasion of the second osteoporosis it has little relation because of low P-value. We could know that a contribution of the risk factor is different between major osteoporotic and hip region.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.568-578
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of self-care program on knowledge and symptoms related hypertension self-care and physiological index in essential hypertensive patients aged between 35-74 year. The subjects for the experiment group and the control group of this study were 70 men and women selected through random sampling from adults at Sangju Red Cross Hospital in Gyeongsanbuk-do, and the experiment was carried out during the period from the 15th of September to the 30th of April in 2002. This study measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP, the mean value of the two measures) and total cholesterol (TC) and surveyed the subjects' diet and life style in relation to hypertension using a self-report questionnaire. In order to study the significance of the effects of self-care program, the author carried out t-test, paired t-test, ANCOVA, chi-square analysis and effectiveness index (EI) analysis. Results of the study are as follows: The experiment group got higher mean scores than the control group in the degree of low sodium intake and the degree of high calcium and high potassium intake, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The effectiveness index of the self-care program in smoking was 0.797 at the 1st posttest and 0.601 at the 2nd posttest, and in physical activities 0.600 at the 1st posttest and 0.849 at the 2nd posttest. The rate of regular antihypertensive drugs intake of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. and the effectiveness index of the self-care program was 0.715. The mean score of the systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In conclusion, these findings support usefulness of self-care programs in reducing systolic blood pressure and in promoting self-care related to diet and life style for treating and preventing hypertension.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2003

This study is to investigate consequent nutrient intake status, Influences of body mass index (BMI) and serum lipid composition, and fat distribution on the cocoon hydrolysate, green tea leaves and dietary fiber supplementation. During 2 months of this research (April to May, 2002), 47 women aged 20 yr-30 yr (average age 26.2 yr) were selected as subjects. Nutrient intake was investigated by questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. Antropometric assessments of the subjects were investigated by SBIA method (Segmental bioimpedance assay, Inbody 3.0). The results were as follows: mean body weight was 60.7 kg, mean body height 161.7 cm and mean BMI 23.4. Status of energy intakes significantly decreased (p<0.01) and dietary fiber intakes significantly increased (p<0.001) after supplementation. BMI and WHR (waist-hip ratio) significantly decreased (p<0.01) and body fat significantly decreased after supplementation (p<0.001). Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol significantly decreased after supplementation (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol was negatively correlated with BMI and WHR (p<0.01). LDL/HDL ratio was positively correlated with BMI (p<0.01) and WHR (p<0.05). Above results of this study show that low-molecule peptide, green tea leaves and dietary fiber supplementation-added routine diet improves lessening body fat distribution, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. Especially, decrease of abdominal fat and WHR were notable. That meant decrease of risk factors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2017

In this study, a test was conducted to examine the effects of micro-needle therapy (MTS) and cosmetics containing spirulina on improving the skin tone, skin hydration, hyper-pigmentation, and fine lines of middle-aged women in their 40s and 50s and to propose an effective skin care method. The subjects were divided into a control group of eight people who used serum and cream mask that does not contain MTS and spirulina, and an experimental group who used serum and cream containing MTS and spirulina. The test was conducted with six 30-minute sessions for one week. The change in skin was measured over three times in the week of the test, after six weeks of the test, and two weeks after the test had finished. The result showed that after six weeks of the test, in the experimental group, the skin tone (color brightness, saturation brightness, skin brightness) and moisture showed a significant increase (p<0.05), while the number of small hyper-pigmentation and large hyper-pigmentation, as well as the length of crow's feet, melanin, erythema showed a significant reduction (p<0.05). No significant differences in fine lines under the eyes and length of crow's feet were observed. Two weeks after the test was finished, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the length of crow's feet and melanin (p<0.05), and a significant increase in skin brightness and moisture (p<0.05). Even after the test was completed, the skin brightness, fine lines, melanin, and moisture improved continuously. In conclusion, skin care using MTS and cosmetics containing spirulina was more effective on improving the skin tone, hydration, hyper-pigmentation, and fine lines, than skin care without using them.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.243-254
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the general characteristics, body shape, and perceptions of weight control in individuals consuming functional health foods and weight-control foods. The survey was conducted between April 15 and June 17, 2010 among 199 (57 males and 142 females; age range, 25-45 years) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, who experienced eating functional health foods or weight control foods during the past year (June 2009 to June 2010). The subjects were divided into a weight-control food group (89 adults) and a functional health food group (110 adults). The subjects were comprised of a high proportion of aged (average age, $34.2{\pm}5.9$ years), graduates (71.9%), and married (65.8%) individuals. In the weight control food group, gender, age, and educational background were similar and the ratios of service/technical employees, college students, and normal-weight individuals [body mass index (BMI), < 23] were high. BMI was significantly different by gender (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.01), marital status (p < 0.001), and job type (p < 0.001). Self-perceived health status showed a higher response for "in good health" in the 35-44 year old group than that in the 25-34 year old group (p < 0.05). Male group satisfaction for body shape was significantly higher than that in the female group. The main reason for going on a diet was significantly different by gender (p < 0.05) and BMI (p < 0.01). The main motives for dieting were "because I am not at an ideal weight" and "because of the social atmosphere and the attention of others " in men, but "can't wear the clothes I want" in women (p < 0.01). The most preferable product type related to the two groups was significantly different by job (p < 0.001) and BMI (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed for questions about body shape perception and weight control. Consumers who had different general characteristics and used diet products perceived body shape and weight control differently. Additionally, no meaningful differences were observed when the results were categorized by product type, except job and BMI, but the distribution of consumer characteristics showed different tendencies. These results can be utilized as basic data for developing new diet products to help people control their weight more scientifically and appropriately in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2008

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency (RF) myolysis under transvaginal ultrasound guidance. Methods: Transvaginal RF myolysis had been performed in one hundred nine women with uterine leiomyoma at Chung-Ang University hospital between Dec. 2004 and Mar. 2007. All patients, mean aged $42.8{\pm}5.8$ years, desired their uterine conservation. Patients underwent physical examination, transvaginal pelvic ultrasound for measurement of the lesions preoperatively. Follow up was done at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after RF myolysis by same physician and measurement of size and volume of myoma and improvement of myoma specific symptoms such as menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea were checked at each visit. Results: The mean maximal diameter of myomas treated by RF myolysis was $6.1{\pm}0.5\;cm$ and average time of the procedure was $16.3{\pm}8.5$ minutes. A significant decrease of myoma size and volume was observed at 1 month after myolysis. Mean reduction in maximal diameter was $29.9{\pm}4.8%$ at 1 week (p<0.001), $41.5{\pm}1.5%$ at 1 month (p=0.05), $46.2{\pm}3.9%$ at 3 months (p=0.003), $54.6{\pm}6.1%$ at 6 months (p<0.001) after RF myolysis respectively. Mean reduction in volume was $44.4{\pm}8.3%$ (p=0.001), $68.1{\pm}4.2%$ (p=0.035), 73.9$73.9{\pm}4.8%$ (p=0.042), $84.5{\pm}5.1%$ (p<0.001) at the same follow up period respectively. Significant improvement of symptom was observed at 3 months after RF myolysis. Transient low abdominal pain and prolonged vaginal bleeding were detected in 3 patients each but spontaneously resolved and no serious complication has been noticed or found. Conclusion: This study shows transvaginal RF myolysis could be a safe and effective method to treat uterine leiomyoma, allowing uterine conservation with significant volume reduction and rapid return to normal activity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and nutritional condition of children living in a low-income community through anthropometric, laboratory evaluation. Methods : A community-based survey identified children below 15 years living in a low-income community. Their weight, height, visual acuity, hearing level and dental status were measured. Blood sample were obtained on June and July, 2004. Hemoglobin, serum cholesterol, Hepatitis B antigen/antibody, AST and ALT were measured. Results : A total of 285 students(M : F=141 : 144) aged 6 to 14 years were included in this study. The heights and weights in some grades were smaller than controls. The prevalence of obesity was 10.6 percent in males and 10.7 percent in females. The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity, hearing impairments and dental carries were 20.5 percent, 0.3 percent and 69.4 percent. The prevalence of anemia was 10.1 percent. Serum total cholesterol was over 200 mg/dL in 7 percent. They complained of abdominal pain(22.1 percent) and headache(17.1 percent). Hyperthyroidism, cataract, neurofibromatosis, severe atopic dermatitis, ventricular septal defect, strabismus and inguinal hernia were newly diagnosed. Conclusion : Mean heights and weights of children in the low-income community were smaller than controls. The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity, hearing impairment and dental carries were higher than in the 2003 national health survey. Additional research is needed to evaluate the health status of the low-income community.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.246-255
• /
• 2009

The development of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is based on food use and/or dish use. Regardless of potential effect of oils and seasonings on chronic diseases, most of food-based FFQs do not include oils and seasonings in calculation of nutrient intake. This study examined the effect of added (seasoning) oils and seasonings on the distribution of subjects by relative nutrient intake using a dish-based FFQ. The subjects were 1,303 persons (men 478, women 825) aged over 20 years old, who completed FFQ composed of 121 items. Three types of daily nutrient intake were calculated; 1) total nutrient intake with oils and seasonings, 2) nutrient intake without oils, and 3) nutrient intake without oils and seasonings. The correlation and agreement of classification of subjects by relative nutrient intake were examined. All analyses were performed using absolute nutrient intakes and total energy-adjusted nutrient intakes by residual method. Comparing total nutrient intake with the nutrient intake without oils, energy, vegetable fat and vitamin E intake were significantly decreased and kappa values were 0.95 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.98), 0.64 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.81), and 0.59 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.79), respectively. Comparing total nutrient intake with the nutrient intake without oils and seasonings, most of nutrients intake except animal fat, animal protein, retinol and cholesterol were significantly decreased, and kappa values of vegetable fat (${\kappa}$ = 0.64, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.81), vitamin E (${\kappa}$ = 0.59, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.79) and sodium (${\kappa}$ = 0.61, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.80) were under 0.80. After total energy was adjusted, agreement was lower than before total energy adjustment. Excluding oils and seasonings to assess nutrient intake underestimated vegetable fat, vitamin E and sodium intake and affected the distribution of subjects by their relative nutrient intake. Therefore, we suggest that research focused on these nutrients need to be cautious about the interpretation of the results.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2006

This study set out to analyze the relationships between the senior citizens' dental health activities and dental health conditions, to provide basic data to develop a program for their better dental health, and finally to search for the ways to improve their life quality through dental health care. The subjects were 142 senior citizens(58 were male and 84 were female) who were 65 years old or older and visited a dental hospital or clinic in the Seoul metropolitan area from April 17 to April 28, 2006. With the cooperation from the dentists, the investigators examined their dental conditions and conducted one-on-one interviews to collect the information about their demographic characteristics, dental health activities, and subjective dental health conditions. The collected data were analyzed with T-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS WIN 11.5 program. The analysis results were summarized as follows: First, 58 men(40.8%) and 84 women(59.2%) consisted of the subject group, where percentage of the female participants was bigger Those who were aged from 65 to 69 made the biggest age group in the subjects, accounting for 58.5% with 83. Second, those who had three dental caries or less and then didn't treat them or treated them(F) accounted for the biggest percentage with 117(82.4%) and 72(50.7%) respectively. As for the remaining teeth, the biggest number of them(40 subjects, 28.2%) had three or less remaining. Third, it turned out the female subjects had a higher level of dental health activities than their male counterparts(P = 0.00). As for living expenses, those who were paid salary or earned income themselves carried out their dental health activities in a higher level than those who lived on the benefit from the government(p = 0.02). Fourth, the subjects' subjective dental health conditions had negative correlations with their dental caries not treated. And there were positive correlations between their dental caries not treated and dental caries lost and between their dental caries treated and remaining teeth. Fifth, those subjects who earned their living expenses themselves had the most dental caries treated at 5.4(p = 0.02), and there was statistically significant difference with the numbers. Sixth, those subjects who brushed their teeth in their own manner had 11.8 teeth lost(p = 0.05), which was more than the number of those who brushed their teeth in other methods. And there was statistically significant difference among them. The remaining teeth were found most at 17.3(p = 0.00) among those who brushed their upper and lower teeth separately. In addition, those who visited the public health center often had significantly more teeth treated(4.3) than others(p = 0.00).

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2009

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among korean woman. Therefore, the early detection activities of breast cancer such as breast self-examinations, clinical breast examinations, mammography are important. A yearly mammography examination has been recommended for women aged 40 and older for the early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic periods. However, the glandular tissue of breast is the most radiation-sensitive tissue, and the determination of average glandular dose (AGD) forms an important part of the quality control of the mammographic systems. Because of the difficulty of estimating AGD directly, it is often estimated from the measurements of the incident air kerma and by applying the appropriate conversion factors. The primary objective of this study was to standardize the method of measuring AGD. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationships between AGD per various composition and thickness of the breast using Monte Carlo simulations. As a result, we standardized the method of measuring AGD according to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) guidelines (CoP: an international code of practice). Overall, AGD for mammographic practice in Korea was less than 3.0 mGy recommended by the Korea Food and Drug Adminstration (KFDA) protocol, and Korean Institute for Accreditation of Medical Image (KIAMI). The measured and simulated AGD for a given condition were calculated as 1.7 and 1.6 mGy, respectively. For the AGDs obtained, there was no significant difference between them. The simulated AGD was dependent on the fraction of glandular tissue of the breast. The AGD increases with increasing of the breast glandularity due to increasing absorption of low energy photons. The AGD also increases as a function of breast thickness. In conclusion, the results of this study could be used as a baseline to establish a reference level of radiation dose in mammography.