• 농업과학연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2003

Various government-based consulting techniques are being adapted to increase competitive power and to achieve management innovation of Korean farms. These business consulting services are offered by free or paid consulting. This study focuses on what socio-economic characteristics are affecting farmers' intension of adapting consulting services, based on 169 surveyed data from Chunchungnam-do. Logit Model is used to identify the relationship between the probability of consulting intent and factors representing farm characteristics. The model was applied on each of free and paid consulting. According to the results, degree of consulting recognition, age, education, raised crop are significant factors affecting farmers' intension of adapting consulting service in the case of free consulting at 10% of significance level. In the case of paid consulting, level of farming, age, income, insufficiency of farming, and education were identified as significant factors. In terms of elasticity of each variable, most variables for free consulting service are inelastic to consulting intent, whereas age, level of farming, and education are elastic for paid consulting service. Overall results implies that more public relations are required to activate free consulting services for the farms with moderate level of farming. In the case of paid consulting, it is effective to adapt consulting services for younger farms with higher level of farming and education.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권10호
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• pp.538-542
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• 2021

Background: The relationship between small for gestational age (SGA) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) remains unknown. Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between SGA and the risk of ASD. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to November 2020. The heterogeneity across studies was explored using the I² statistic. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Begg test. The results were reported using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: The literature search yielded 824 articles with 8,752,138 participants. We assessed the association between SGA and the risk of ASD in cohort and case-control studies. Based on the random-effects model, compared with SGA, the estimated OR of the risk of ASD was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.09-1.24). Therefore, there was a significant association between SGA and the risk of ASD. Conclusion: Based on OR reports in epidemiological studies, we showed that SGA is a risk factor for and can increase the risk of ASD. The association between SGA and ASD risk has further relevance to the current public health emphasis on appropriate prepregnancy weight and pregnancy weight gain.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 이미지 랜드마크 선정 기법을 기반으로, 인공신경망 안면 영상분석 시스템의 성능을 향상하기 위한 내용이다. 랜드마크 선정을 위하여 안면 이미지 연령을 분류를 위한 CNN 기반의 다층 ResNet 모델의 구성이 필요하며, ResNet 모델에서 입력 노드의 변화에 따른 출력 노드의 변화를 감지하는 히트 맵을 추출한다. 추출된 다수의 히트 맵을 결합하여 연령 구분 예측과 관계된 안면 랜드마크를 구성한다. 이를 통하여, 안면 랜드마크를 통하여 픽셀의 위치별 중요도를 분석할 수 있으며, 가중치가 낮은 픽셀의 제거함으로서 상당량의 입력 데이터 감소가 가능해졌다. 이러한 기법은 인공신경망 시스템의 연산 성능 향상에 기여하게 된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2010

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal factors on body weight at hatching (day-old) and at six weeks of age in a commercial broiler line. A total of 6,765 records on body weight at day-old (BWTDO) and 115,421 records on body weight at six weeks of age (BWT6W), originated from a commercial broiler line during 14 generations, were used to estimate genetic parameters related to the effects of maternal traits on body weight of chicks immediately after hatch or six weeks thereafter. The data were analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood procedure (REML) and an animal model with DFREML software. Direct heritability ($h^{2}{_a}$), maternal heritability ($h^{2}{_m}$), and maternal environmental variance as the proportions of phenotypic variance ($c^{2}$) for body weight at day-old were estimated to be 0.050, 0.351, and 0.173, respectively. The respective estimated values for body weight at six weeks of age were 0.340, 0.022, and 0.030. The correlation coefficient between direct and maternal genetic effects for six-week-old body weight was found to be -0.335. Covariance components and genetic correlations were estimated using a bivariate analysis based on the best model determined by a univariate analysis. Between weights at hatching and at six week-old, the values of -0.07, 0.53 and 0.47 were found for the direct additive genetic variance, maternal additive genetic variance and permanent maternal environmental variance, respectively. The estimated correlation between direct additive genetic effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive maternal effect affecting weight at six weeks of age was -0.21, whereas the correlation value of 0.15 was estimated between direct additive maternal effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive genetic effect affecting weight at six-week-old. From the present findings, it can be concluded that the maternal additive genetic effect observed for weight at six weeks of age might be a factor transferred from genes influencing weight at hatch to weight at six-week-old.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2895-2899
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• 2016

Background: Increasing breast cancer (BC) incidence rates have been reported from India; causal factors for this increased incidence are not understood and diagnosis is mostly in advanced stages. Trivandrum exhibits the highest BC incidence rates in India. This study aimed to estimate trends in incidence by age from 2005-2014, to predict rates through 2020 and to assess the stage at diagnosis of BC in Trivandrum. Materials and Methods: BC cases were obtained from the Population Based Cancer Registry, Trivandrum. Distribution of stage at diagnosis and incidence rates of BC [Age-specific (ASpR), crude (CR) and age-standardized (ASR)] are described and employed with a joinpoint regression model to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPC) and a Bayesian model to estimate predictive rates. Results: BC accounts for 31% (2681/8737) of all female cancers in Trivandrum. Thirty-five percent (944/2681) are <50 years of age and only 9% present with stage I disease. Average age increased from 53 to 56.4 years (p=0.0001), CR (per $10^5$ women) increased from 39 (ASR: 35.2) to 55.4 (ASR: 43.4), AAPC for CR was 5.0 (p=0.001) and ASR was 3.1 (p=0.001). Rates increased from 50 years. Predicted ASpR is 174 in 50-59 years, 231 in > 60 years and overall CR is 80 (ASR: 57) for 2019-20. Conclusions: BC, mostly diagnosed in advanced stages, is rising rapidly in South India with large increases likely in the future; particularly among post-menopausal women. This increase might be due to aging and/or changes in lifestyle factors. Reasons for the increased incidence and late stage diagnosis need to be studied.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.44-65
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• 2023

Purposes: As super-aging population and low fertility rates are threatening the sustainability of the National Health Insurance funds, enhancing the efficiency of hospital management is paramount. In the past, studies analyzing the efficiencies of hospitals primarily made inter-hospital comparisons, but it is important to assess hospitals' internal efficiency and develop improvement measures in order to attain practical improvements in hospital efficiencies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiencies of specialists by medical specialty in a hospital in order to provide foundational data for efficient hospital management. Methodology/Approach: We used the activity-based costing (ABC) data and hospital statistical data from one tertiary hospital in Seoul to analyze the efficiency of specialists by medical specialty. Efficiency was analyzed and compared among specialists using the data envelopment analysis developed by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (DEA-CCR) model and the slacks-based measure (SBM) models. The input variables were labor cost, material cost, and operational expenses, and the output variables were the number of outpatients, number of inpatients, outpatient revenue, and inpatient revenue. Findings: First, there was a marked deviation in efficiency across specialists. Second, there was a marked deviation in efficiency across medical specialties. Third, there was little difference in efficiency according to the specialist's sex, age, and job position. Fourth, the SBM model produced more conservative results and better explained efficiency parameters than the CCR model. Practical Implications: The efficiency of a specialist was more influenced by their medical specialty than their personal characteristics, namely sex, age, and job position. Therefore, Further research is needed to analyze the efficiencies of each subspecialty and identify factors that contribute to the variations in efficiencies across medical specialties, such as clinical practices and fee structures.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 1999

Discrete mathematics allows students to examine and explore unique, special problem situations which were not used to solve problems by paper-and-pencil procedures or applying common formulas. The use and integration of accessible computer-related technologies such as 'Mathematics' or 'Maple' software programs enables students to explore problem situation dramatically. This study shows that it is possible to introduce computer-based discrete mathematics focused on the Leslie matrix model as modeling age-specific population growth to high school students.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-33
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• 2022

본 논문은 통일에 대한 찬성-반대 응답을 바탕으로 수도권(서울, 인천, 경기) 거주 시민의 통일 의식에 연령대별 차이의 양태를 고찰하였다. 기존 연구에서는 통일에 대한 찬성 의견이 연령과 양의 선형관계에 있다고 보고 있다. 하지만 본 연구의 분석 결과에 따르면, 수도권의 통일에 대한 찬성 의견은 연령의 증가와 함께 증가하지만 44세~ 53세 층에서 가장 높은 찬성 비율을 보인 후 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 통계모형 분석에서 44 ~ 53세층은 참조집단인 24 ~ 33세층에 비해 승산이 2.5배 이상 높았으며, 남성에 대한 여성의 승산은 0.56배로 나타났다. 한편, 연령별 통일 찬성 비율 평균값의 추세선 기울기 기준으로 연령 증가에 따른 통일 찬성 비율 증가 경향은 남성이 여성보다 약 4.3배 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 남성 청년층(2030)과 중년층(4050) 간의 현저한 통일 찬성 비율의 차이가 수도권 전체 연령대의 통일 찬성 비율 격차에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.220-231
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• 2016

Yield-per-recruit (YPR) analysis is used to provide management guidance for the efficient use of a fish cohort. However, the individual fish price per unit weight of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) or hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) increases dramatically by size in Korea. Therefore, age-based production value-per-recruit (PPR) analysis has recently been developed (Zhang et al., 2014). Since age determination requires a substantial amount of money and time and it is even impossible for some fish species, it is difficult to obtain age information to apply the age-based PPR model. Thus, we attempted to develop an alternative method, which uses length data rather than age information, called the length-based PPR analysis. The results revealed that length-based PPR analysis was much more conservative for stock management than the YPR analysis. Furthermore, the PPR analysis was more economically beneficial than the YPR analysis, which can prevent the fish stock from the economic overfishing. In conclusion, the length-based PPR analysis could be a proper approach for stock assessment in the case that the individual fish price per unit weight increases dramatically by size, and this analysis is useful to obtain vital management parameters under data-deficient situation when traditional stock assessment methods are not applicable.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological wellbeing as applied to the bioecological family life welfare model, concerning individual attributes, family backgrounds, and family processes across the family life cycles. Based on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological perspective, the "bioecological family welfare model", which includes person (individual attributes), context (family background), process (mechanism - family process), and time (the family life cycles), was applied as a research paradigm for this study. The sample for the questionnaire study comprised for 900 families, considering the family life cycle in Busan and the Kyungnam area. The families were categorized into 6 family life cycles based on Duvall and Hill's family life cycle. For the final analysis, 628 families were used. According to the path analysis results, the length of commitment before marriage and self-esteem had significant effects on the stress coping ability. Several individual attributes and family backgrounds such as age, length of marriage, family life cycle, self-esteem and stress coping ability had significant effects on marital adjustment. The family life cycle and age were significant variables on family function. The significant variables on psychological wellbeing were monthly income, length of commitment before marriage, stress coping ability and marital adjustment. The regression model showed that the variables of the individual attributes, context and family process accounted for 51% of the psychological wellbeing. The results show that the suggested research model was significant and effective to explain the mechanism of psychological wellbeing. Individual attributes and family context have an impact on stress coping, marital adjustment, and family function, which in turn affect psychological wellbeing.