• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 2005

Fibulae have been used as clothing fasteners throughout history. They were especially popular with the Celts, but were also used by the Greeks, Romans, Saxons, and Vikings, to name a few. The earliest examples are found in the Mediterranean and Middle East, and date from 800 B. C. and earlier. Their use continues today, in the form of the modern safety pin. The first fibulae of the Bronze Age were very simple, much like modern safety pins. The form of this small functional object varies from simple to extravagant since it is also seen as a piece of jewelry, and is thus subject to the evolution of style. Its size depends on the thick/Jess of the clothing to be attached. Its fabrication demonstrates a great mastery of metal work. Fibulae would vary with the taste and wealth of the wearer. The Fibulae were divided into 10 styles according to the shape, Fibulae with Safety pin shaped style, Penannular shaped style, Animal shaped style, Diamond shaped style, Radiated head shaped style, Horsefly shaped style, Arched bow shaped style, Fan-shaped style, Trumpet shaped style, Arched-fan shaped style.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2012

As Korea has rapidly entered the aging society, the Korean government and academia are currently undergoing many researches on senior citizens. There also has been an increase in senior citizens' awareness on the importance of spatial designs that reflect the newly emerged needs brought out by their psychological and emotional changes as well as their physical aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to propose a model for senior citizens' image preference to be adopted in future developments for senior-friendly spatial designs. A literature review and a questionnaire survey were implemented as research methods. The questionnaire survey was conducted at two senior welfare centers located in Seoul and Ansan and two disparate senior colleges, on the subjects of 86 senior citizens aged 60 and older. 7 styles of Romantic, Classic, Country, Modern, Natural, Casual, and Traditional were chosen for the study and the realms to apply the image preference were divided into Space, Element1 and Element2. For Space, its subcategories have been restricted to living room and bedroom while color, furniture and lighting for Element1 and material, pattern and props for Element2. Survey results were statistically analyzed for the correlation among socio-demographic factors of senior citizens, spaces and the elements. The study result showed that older age and men tended to prefer the modern style than younger age or women, and younger women preferred the romantic style. For the color preference in Element1, older men preferred the classic style while women preferred the romantic style. And, for the furniture preference, men with higher income preferred the natural style while women preferred the romantic style. For the pattern preference in Element2, younger people preferred the casual style and it showed that the housing type was the main reason for their preferences. Therefore, the image preference according to their age and gender shall be taken account of as the most important factors when designing environments for senior citizens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.12 no.3 s.28
• /
• pp.351-361
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between fashion style adoption and consumers' demographic characteristics, selection criteria and use of fashion information sources respectively and find out how their concerned variables influenced high fashion style adoption. For this study, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 554 female adults in Kwangju. frequency distribution, Mean, Pearson's Correlation, Analysis of variance and Path Analysis were used fer the statistical analysis. The results obtained were as followers. 1) Level of fashion style adoption showed a normal distribution like a wave. 2) Consumer's demographic characteristics variables, such as age, educational level and income significantly associated with fashion style adoption. Younger consumers adopted tile high fashion style 41)an more aged consumers. while consumers in higher educational and income level adopted high fashion style than consumers in lower. 3) Among individuality, conformity, practicality and economy in selection criterias, only individually and practicality associated with fastion style adoption in clothing purchase. In the case of the high fashion style adoption, purchasing with individuality was increased, while purchasing with practicality was decreased. 4) The use of marketer dominated sources in fashion information sources significantlyassociated with fashion style adoption. In the case of high fashion style adoption, the use of marketer dominated and neutral information sources was higher. 5) The use of marketer dominated information sources had a main effect on high fashion style adoption in clothing purchase. Especially in the group composed of college students and occupational women, individuality and praticality as selection criterias came to be important effects. While in the group composed of housewives and non-occupational single women, age, educational level and income came to be important effects.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.175-190
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate communication styles in married couples. The subjects are a total of 301 couples living in Seoul. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. The styles of marital communication are consisted of 5 factors which are reproachful attitude, rational attitude, concessive attitude, unilateral attitude, and unconcerned attitude. 2. The styles of marital communication are classified into 5 styles in husbands which are arbitrary style, obeident style, authoritarian style, unconcerned style, and respectful style, and in wives, 4 styles which are arbitrary style, obeident style, unconcerned style, and respectful style. 3. The husband's arbitrary style and wives' unconcerned style are differently perceived by husbands and wives. 4. The relations of marital communication styles are classified into 3 relations which are supplementary relation, antagonistic relation, and equal relation. 5. In the case of equal relation and supplementary relation in comparison with antagonistic relation, husbands satisfy more with their wives' communication. And in the case of antagonistic relation in comparison with supplementary relation, husbands and wives want more to change of spouses' communication. 5. The relations of marital communication styles are affected in husbans by education, in wives by age, and family life cycle.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to analyze the wearing practice and the purchasing characteristics of jeans in order to offer basic data to produce superior jeans made of denim with small flexibility and to improve the wearing comfort. The questionnaire were 236 Korean women from the age of 10th to 50th. For data analysis, descriptive analysis and crosstabs were used. The results were as follows, in the purchasing characteristics, when the women of 10th to 30th decided to purchase jeans they considered fashion, design and price rather than wearing comfort. But the women of 40th to 50th considered that wearing comfort is the most important factor. The 10th is found the best preferred jean is wide straight style, the 20th is straight style, the 30th is boots cut style and the 40th to 50th is straight style. In wearing practice, there was a difference among age groups on the region that felt uncomfortable when wearing jeans. As the age increases, the abdomen size also increases. Most people answered that they mend jeans after purchase for length, without any relation with age. The reason why consumers prefer jeans with middle length between the crotch and waist and also purchase jeans with a short length is because they look refined and neat. This informs us that the short length between the crotch and waist does not match with ease and comfort, which are the images of jeans in the past. Recently premium jean brands are competing to show Low Rise Jeans, which seems like a Premium Jean=Low Rise Jean formula is created. Some manufacture companies are recklessly copying foreign designs that does not fit Korean's body shape. However, as mentioned in this study results, there is a clear difference between designs that they think consider as aesthetic and functional. Therefore, it is considered necessary for developing designs for jeans that can satisfy both aesthetic appreciation and functions for Korean consumer's body shape and each age group.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2008

From the research which it sees the knit which is the competitive power it will be able to be sufficient the craving of the consumers who are changing be light from the which provides the fundamental data for production the F/W season knit wear it tried to know the age unit preference moral difference of item. The conclusion of the research which it the same. From all age unit pullover possession at 5 working for living, the jacket the ratio of the person whom it does not have entirely appeared most highly. The age unit knit wear twenties meaning item preference from, thirties and forties appeared with the item which pullover prefers most, fifties selected a cardigan case, an ensemble and the jacket and it prefers with the fact that. It appeared with the style which it prefers most from case P1, P2 all twenties of pullover, the cardigan proposal case appeared with the style which it prefers most from C1, C2 all fifties. From the jacket it appeared with the style which the J1 prefers from fifties-forties. Each age especially the F/W season knit wear the result which examines the wearing objective against, twenties become popular, thirties expression of individuality, forties convenient of activity, fifties for the convenient of activity complement of activity the knit wear with the fact that it wears.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of clothing style and color of male casual wear on image perceptions and age evaluations. $4{\times}2$ (top color${\times}$trouser color) and $2{\times}3{\times}2$ (clothing style${\times}$clothing hue${\times}$clothing chroma) factorial designs were used as the experiment designs. Photoshop program was used to manipulate the clothing colors after creating photos of models wearing experiment clothing for stimulus. Subjects were 280 female college students from Seoul region and each subject responded to two stimuli. Factor analysis showed four factors of images of male casual wear; sociability, conspicuousness, softness and masculinity. Polo shirts were evaluated higher in sociability and softness than jumpers and nary blue trousers were evaluated higher in masculinity than beige trousers. High chroma clothing was assessed higher in sociability and conspicuousness than low chroma clothing. High chroma red jumpers displayed very sociable feel and low chroma blue jumpers displayed the lowest sociability. High chroma male clothing resulted in younger age perception but age was evaluated young when a black shirt was worn under the jacket when wearing a low chroma jacket.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.197-210
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to Investigate men's clothing in regard to (1) the effect of wearer's age and clothing: rues on impression formation, and (2) the effect of perceiver's age on impressions formed by the wearer's age and the fuction of clothing cues. The experimental design of this study was between-subjects 24_full factorial design by 4 independent variables. The subjects consisted of 192 subjects in each of two male perceiver groups according to age(20s and 50s). The experimental moterials developed for the study were a set of stimuli al)d a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 16 color photographs made by identical manipulations of 4 independent variables consisting of 2 levels each. Each one of the sixteen sub-samples included 12 subjects from 2 perceiver groups. The independent variables provided by the photographs were (1) wearer's age (20s and 50s), (2) suit color (navy blue and beige),' (3) suit style (single breasted and double breasted), and (4) necktie color (analogous and complementary colors) . The 7-point semantic differential response scale which was designed to measure the impression of the stimuli was composed of 30 bipolar adjectives. The responses to the semantic differential scales were analyzed using factor analysis and ANOVA. The results were as follows:1) Wearer's age, suit color, suit style, and necktie color had significant effects on impression of the 3 factors (appearance·potency, individuality activity, and evaluation) partiafly. However, the suit style was the most dominent clothing cue : the single breasted suit conveyed positive impression of individuality' activity to both of the wearer's age groups than double breasted suit did on both of the perceiver's age groups. 2) Perceiver's age partially influenced impressions formed by the age and the clothing cues of men clothed in suits : the young perceiver's group was less affected by them than middle aged group.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2013

Thise study is designed to demonstrate the influence of socio-demographic variables(age, education, career history and marital Status), alexithymia, burnout, and adult attachment on child disciplinary styles; childcare teachers in charge of young children were studied. The purpose of the study is to provide information about the desirable disciplinary styles of a childcare teacher in order to strengthen the quality of childcare education. The data collected in this study showed the following results: First, the age, education, career history and marital status of a teacher produced good results statistically irrelevant to the their child disciplinary style. Second, a high level of negative correlation was found among alexithymia, burnout, adult attachment and the child disciplinary style of a childcare teacher. In other words, if a teacher shows a high level of alexithymia, burnout, and adult attachment, it is likely that the teacher's child disciplinary style is coercive and neglect, and the teacher tends to give an illogical explanation. Third, in contrast to the other variables, burnout and adult attachment have a greater effect on child disciplinary style than alexithymia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.239-249
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to find out the actual condition of dining-out and the propensity to dining-out according to age groups and sex distinction in Pusan area. The survey was conducted on 464 peoples who live or work, including students aged more than 4th grade in elementary school In Pusan area. The results of the questionnaires are as follows. The survey on dining-out time indicated that most of peoples like to dine out at supper time more than at luncheon. The motivations of dining out were in order of the time going out with family, having party and meeting with friends. Restaurants used frequently at luncheon time were in order of flour food shop, Chinese-style food shop and Korean-style food shop, and at supper time were in order of Korean-style food shop, roasts rib shop and Chinese-style food shop. The survey on dining-out cost indicated that 71.88% of respondents were payed out less than 4,000 won Per one person at luncheon, but 54.67% of them were payed out more than 5,000 won at supper. The reasons of prefferring food shop used first were in order of delicious taste, sanitary circumstance and economical price, and of no prefferring food shop used first were untasty, unsanitary circumstance and expensiveness. But, the results of the propensity to dining-out were different according to sex distinction, age groups and jobs.