• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 재33권6호
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• pp.583-596
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• 2023

The interlayers, either softer or stiffer than the surrounding layers, are usually overlooked during field investigation due to the small thickness. They may be neglected through the analysis process for simplicity. However, they may significantly affect the dynamic behavior of the soil-foundation system. In this study, a series of 3D finite-element Direct-solution steady-state harmonic analyses were carried out using ABAQUS/CAE software to investigate the impacts of interlayers on the dynamic response of a cast in place pile group subjected to horizontal harmonic load. The experimental data of a 3×2 pile group testing was used to verify the numerical modeling. The effects of thickness, depth, and shear modulus of the interlayers on the dynamic response of the pile group are investigated. The simulations were conducted on both stiff and soft soils. It was found that the soft interlayers affect the frequency-amplitude curve of the system only in frequencies higher than 70% of the resonant frequency of the base soil. While, the effect of stiff interlayer in soft base soil started at frequency of 35% of the resonant frequency of the base soil. Also, it was observed that a shallow stiff interlayer increased the resonant amplitude by 11%, while a deep one only increased the resonant frequency by 7%. Moreover, a shallow soft interlayer increased the resonant frequency by 20% in soft base soils, whereas, it had an effect as low as 6% on resonant amplitude. Also, the results showed that deep soft interlayers increased the resonant amplitude by 17 to 20% in both soft and stiff base soils due to a reduction in lateral support of the piles. In the cases of deep thick, soft interlayers, the resonant frequency reduced significantly, i.e., 16 to 20%. It was found that the stiff interlayers were most effective on the amplitude and frequency of the pile group.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

This article assesses factors that affect the ability of local fire branch heads in Taiwan to mobilize volunteer organizations in local emergency responses. Data from a survey of local fire branch heads in Taiwan is analyzed by using an OLS model to test three hypotheses regarding the relationship between the dependent variable, perceived ability to mobilize volunteer organizations in emergency response, and three explanatory variables: organizational capacity, quality of communication, and the quality of citizen engagement ex-ante to emergency response. The model indicates a positive relationship between the ability to mobilize volunteer organizations in emergency response, the quality of communications, and the quality of citizen engagement in preparedness. The research suggests that local fire branch heads and volunteer organizations should begin the process of emergency response mobilization in the preparedness stage. The quality of the citizen engagement in preparedness stages should increase the ability of local fire branch managers to mobilize external resources in emergency response.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1976

1. In the rabbit and the dog, the blood pressure response to water extract and methanol extract obtained from Atractylodes rhizoma alb'a was investigated. 2. Water extract and methanol extract, when administered into the rabbit and the dog by the route of vein, produced fall of the blood pressure. 3. The depressor response of the rabbit to water extract and methanol extract was not affected by $Avicel{\circledR}$, propranolol and atropine. 4. The depressor response by water extract and methanol extract in the rabbit was not affected by guanethidine, but water extract and methanol extract produced elevation of blood pressure in this rabbit. 5. Pretreatment of rabbit with chlorisendamine or phenoxybenzamine weakened the depressor response to water extract and methanol extract, and the both extracts produced secondary elevation of blood pressure in this rabbit. 6. The pressor response of the chlorisondamine-treated rabbit to water extract and methanol extract was not affected by atropine. 7. Water extract decreased the pressor action of tyramine and depressor action of pilocarpine and isoproterenol, but did not affect the blood pressure response of nor einephrine, angiotensin and dimethylpehnyl piperazinium iodide(DMPP).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

We demonstrate herein that silibinin, a polyphenolic flavonoid compound isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), inhibits LPS-induced activation of macrophages and production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot analysis showed silibinin inhibits iNOS gene expression. RT-PCR showed that silibinin inhibits iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, and $IL1{\beta}$. We also showed that silibinin strongly inhibits p38 MAPK phosphorylation, whereas the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways are not inhibited. The p38 MAPK inhibitor abrogated the LPS-induced nitrite production, whereas the MEK-1 inhibitor did not affect the nitrite production. A molecular modeling study proposed a binding pose for silibinin targeting the ATP binding site of p38 MAPK (1OUK). Collectively, this series of experiments indicates that silibinin inhibits macrophage activation by blocking p38 MAPK signaling.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2018

A status of air traffic controller is a government officer and air traffic controllers who work at airport are divided by duty rating and work experience. Abiding by law, rules and regulation, air traffic controllers are working together based on mutual trust. This paper's theoretical background is based on cultural bias theory. The theory divide people group into four groups according to cultural bias such as fatalism, hierarchy, individualism and egalitarianism. A research model was designed how such four cultural bias could affect air traffic controller's risk response in case of emergency or abnormal situation during their work. Depend on empirical research, it was found that air traffic controllers perceived they had been more biased to fatalism than hierarchy. The characteristics of fatalism group are as follows: first of all, they follow rigid rules and regulation. However, they have less self-efficacy compared to other government officers. According to structural equation model, air traffic controller's fatalism had a significant negative effect on organizational royalty. Their royalty, however, had a very significant positive effect on planning response and immediate response.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2021

Objectives: Recent studies have reported that delayed initiation of clozapine can affect clinical response in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). This study aimed to explore the relationship between delayed initiation of clozapine and acute treatment response. Methods: Sixty-five inpatients with TRS who started clozapine for the first time were included through a retrospective chart review. Acute treatment response was defined as a 30% reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score or a Clinical Global Impression of Improvement score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) at 4 weeks after initiating clozapine. Results: After meeting the TRS criteria, the mean delay for initiating clozapine was approximately 13.8 months. The delay was shorter in patients who showed a better response to clozapine in logistic regression analysis (p=0.037). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that reducing the delay in initiating clozapine increases the effectiveness of clozapine in patients with TRS.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2023

The structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) effect in adjacent structures may affect the liquefaction-induced damage of shallow foundation structures. The existing studies only analysed the independent effects on the structural dynamic response but ignored the coupling effect of height difference and distance of adjacent structures (F) on liquefied foundations on the dynamic response. Therefore, this paper adopts finite element and finite difference coupled dynamic analysis method to discuss the effect of the F on the seismic response of shallow foundation structures. The results show that the effect of the short structure on the acceleration response of the tall structure can be neglected as F increases when the height difference reaches 2 times the height of the short structure. The beneficial effect of SSSI on short structures is weakened under strong seismic excitations, and the effect of the increase of F on the settlement ratio gradually decreases, which causes a larger rotation hazard. When the distance is smaller than the foundation width, the short structure will exceed the rotation critical value and cause structural damage. When the distance is larger than the foundation width, the rotation angle is within the safe range (0.02 rad).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

본 연구는 소비자들의 개인품절반응지수(ISRI) 개발에 대한 연구로, 온라인 쇼핑 시 품절 상황에 대한 소비자들의 인지적 반응, 감정적 반응 및 행동적 반응의 영향을 분석하였다. ISRI는 선행연구인 Kim and Lee(2016/2018)의 인지, 감정 및 행동적 반응을 근거로 하여 개발하였다. 설문 조사는 인터넷 설문 조사 기관에서 2014년 07월에 2주간 진행되었으며 754명의 설문대상자 중 전체 질문에 응답한 회수된 설문지는 총 526부였다. 이 회수된 설문지를 본 연구의 조사에 이용하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS 25.0 Package를 이용하였다. 개인풉절반응지수(ISRI)는 정규분포를 형성하였다. 본 연구의 개인품절반응지수(ISRI)는 개인화, 맞춤화가 급속도로 진행되는 4차산업혁명 시대에 소비자의 불편한 쇼핑상황인 품절 시 대안의 마련 근거로써 실무적 의의를 가진다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

본 연구는 관광상품의 주요 구성요소인 여행사에 대한 경험이 PAD모형에 따른 소비자의 감성 형성에 미치는 영향과 소비자의 감성민감도가 여행사 경험에서 유도되는 감성에 대한 조절적 역할을 분석하였고 여행사 경험에서 유도된 감성이 여행사에 대한 소비자의 태도와 재구매의도 형성에 미치는 차별적 효과를 검증하였다. 실증자료 분석으로부터 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 중요한 여행사 경험요소로 반응성, 정중성, 업무수행능력, 차별성 등 네 요소가 식별되었고 이들이 소비자의 경험이 즐거움-각성-지배(Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance: PAD) 정서를 차별적으로 유도한다는 가정이 실증적으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 정서에 관련된 주요 개인차 변수의 하나인 감성민감도(Affect Intensity)가 여행사경험에서 유도되는 정서 형성에 조절적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 여행사 경험에서 유도된 정서는 각각 여행사에 대한 소비자의 태도 형성과 재구매의도 형성에서 차별적 영향을 미친다는 가정 역시 검증되었다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

심볼 디자인에 있어 선호도를 높일 수 있는 요소는 주로 소비자 반응요소와 디자인의 심미적 영향 요소와 연관이 있다. 이것은 디자인의 심미적 영향요소가 소비자 반응에 영향을 주고 그것은 실질적인 선호도 차이를 통해 나타나기 때문이다. 본 연구는 심볼 디자인에서 소비자들에게 선호를 불러일으키는 심미적 영향요소가 무엇인지 사례연구를 통해 조사하였다. 사례연구결과에 따르면, 심볼 디자인에 대한 선호도는 심미적 영향요소 중 율동, 균형, 조화, 정교성, 곡선, 게쉬탈트, 유기성, 인공성/자연성 등이 높을수록 높았다. 그와 비교해, 단순성/복잡성, 사실성/추상성, 깊이, 대칭 등은 높거나 낮지 않은 적정한 수준으로, 그리고 비례와 요소들의 반복성은 낮은 수준으로 디자인되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 높은 선호도를 보인 심볼 디자인은 자연물에서 온 형태, 전통문양에서 온 형태들로 나타났으며, 낮은 선호도를 보인 심볼 디자인은 기하학적 도형에서 온 형태들임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 소비자 선호도에 맞는 심볼 디자인에 대한 가이드라인을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 연구 범위상 소비자의 감정적 반응 중 선호도(Affect)만을 고려하였으며, 색채와 재질 등의 특성들은 배제하고 형태적인 측면만을 고려하였다.