• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.495-500
• /
• 1992

Photosynthetic bacteria which can utilize ferulate as a sole carbon source for their metabolic activities were isolated from soils by liquid enrichment culture technique. The strain P-1 was selected by the highest capability of degrading ferulate in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The strain P-1 was rod-shaped with its motility, strained gram negatively and could not utilize sulfur compounds. This strain has the bacteriochlorophyll a group I carotenoid and membrane structures like lamellae. As the results of physiological, morphological and cultural charactderistics, the isolate was identified as Rhodopseudomonas plaustris, one of the purple nonsulfer bacteria. The strain P-1 utilized 2mM/day in aerobic condition and 0.86 mM/day in anaerobic condition.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.558-562
• /
• 2000

A strain of non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria possessing large amount of ubiquinone-10 in the cell mass, was isolated from waste water collected from the Nakdong River. It was identified as Rhodobacter sp. N-2 by a series of studies on its morphological. cultural and physiological characteristics. The organism appeared to got higher cell mass under circumstances of anaerobic growth conditions than under photosynthetic aerobic cultures. Biotin and thiamin and niacin could be used as good growth factors.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.365-373
• /
• 2011

Effective Microorganisms (EM), a fermented medium developed by Professor Higa at the University of the Ryukyus, is a mixed culture containing dozens of microorganisms which are beneficial to nature including people, animals, plants and many microbial species in environment. EM is known to contain more than 80 kinds of anaerobic or aerobic microbes including photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, fungi and so on, with yeast, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria as the main species of EM. Antioxidant effect generated by the concert of complex coexistence and coprosperity among these microbes is considered to be the main source of EM benefits. Currently, EM is earning an increasing attention with applications in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, environment and medicine among others. At the same time, however, a quantitative interpretation of EM system based on a mixed culture model needs efforts from biochemical engineers for efficient production and further promotion of EM. In this paper, we describe the functions of major microbes in EM and current researches and applications of EM in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, environment and medicine.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.190-196
• /
• 2012

In this study, a total of more than 1,000 bacteria, including 739 species of aerobic bacteria, 80 species of urease producing bacteria and 303 species of photosynthetic bacteria, were isolated from red-pepper field soils located in the Gyeongsan Province of the Republic of Korea. Amongst these, 158 species of aerobic bacteria, 70 species of urease producing bacteria and 228 species of photosynthetic bacteria were found to be auxin producing soil bacteria through quantification analysis with the Salkowski test. The latter groupings were then tested for antifungal activities to ${\beta}$-Glucanase and siderophore using CMC congo red agar and CAS blue agar media. In addition, the selected strains were examined for antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi on PDN agar media. Six strains; BCB14, BCB17, C10, HA46, HA143, and HJ5, were noted for their ability to both produce auxin and act as antifungal substances. 16S rDNA sequence comparison analyses of these six strains identified them as Bacillus subtilis BCB14, B. methylotrophicus BCB17, B. methylotrophicus C10, B. sonorensis HA46, B. subtilis HA143, and B. safensis HJ5.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.20 no.2 s.56
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2005

Most of sewage treatment plants in Korea is operated for the removal of organic material. Because of low C/N ratio of domestic wastewater it is very difficult to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Therefore C/N ratio is key factor for the removed of nitrogen and phosphorus. PSB(photosynthetic bacteria) can remove the nutrient materials, so this study is focused on PSB characterization of nutrient removal. PSB is possible to remove nitrogen, phosphorus in anaerobic and aerobic condition. This study try to find out condition of the PSB in SBR reactor, Batch reactor. It consists of three Mode. Mode 1, 2 is to apply activated sludge process and Mode 3 is that seeded PSB in the activated sludge process. As a result of SBR process, Mode 1, 2 which was activated sludge Process showed $79\~90\%,\;66\~90\%$ of SCODcr, $94.67\~95.89\%,\;95.76\~98.56\%$ of TKN, and Mode 3 has $84\~92\%$ of SCODcr, $95.39\~99.52\%$ of TKN removal efficiency, respectively. When comparison with Mode 1, 2 and 3, most of nitrogen and phosphorus is removed at the anaerobic condition in Mode 3. but Mode 1, 2 has just revealed activated sludge process characterization. It would because of characterization of PSB.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.142-147
• /
• 1993

For the purpose of fixing solar energy and utilizing water wastes from food industries for SCP(single cell protein), 170 strains of photosynthetic bacteria were isolated from 56 samples. Among 170 strains, B-Ps-106 strain was selected as the most suitable strain and identified as a variant or a relation of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and its growth was better under anaerobic light condition than aerobic condition. The optimum conditions of the cell growth of B-Ps-106 were investigated on soybean-curd whey media. The optimum pH for cell growth was $8.5{\sim}9.0$. The optimum temperature was $30^{\circ}C$ and the optimum light density was above $0.72\;cal/cm^2/min$. The most favorable concentration of $K_2HPO_4\;and\;(NH_4)_2SO_4$ was both 0.9 g/l when added to soybean-curd whey media.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 1987

A green house experiment was conducted to find out the acetylene reducing and $N_2$-fixing activity from photosynthetic and aerobic heterotrophic nitrogen fixing microorganisms in submerged paddy soil under different agricultural locality, soil series, soil texture, soil type, and drainage condition in which samples taken from without nitrogen treatment plot of NPK trials on 16 sites of the farmer's field. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The highest acetylene reducing activity was observed at 7 days after incubation in the light condition (photo synthetic microbes+heterotrophic bacteria) while it was observed at 35 days incubation in the dark condition (heterotrophic bacteria). 2. Among the soil series, photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity was pronounced more in Jangae, Ogcheon and Hwadong series while lower was obtained in Buyong and Daejeong series. Aerobic heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was high in Buyong and Daejong series. 3. Estimated amount of $N_2$-fixation from acetylene reducing activity was equivalented to 3.0 mg in light condition and 4.9 mg/100g/105 days in dark condition. 4. Among the agricultural locality, photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity was high in rather warm southern part while heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was predominated more in mountainous area and Chungcheong continental. 5. Photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity was predominated in high productive soil while aerobic heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was pronounced more in crose coarse sandy soil. 6. The soils properties of high photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity were constituted of poorly or imperfectly drained clay or clay loam soil while heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was pronounced more in well to moderately well drained sandy or sandy loam soil.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 1997

To develop a beneficial microbial feed for the cultivation of rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, an aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ was isolated from marine structure at Haeundae beach in Pusan, Korea. Feeding effects of Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ on the growth of rotifer were analyzed comparing to other feeds such as PSB (purple nonsulfur bacteria), Chlorella sp. and baker's yeast. Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ contained more linoleic acid $(C_{18:3\omega3})$ and oleic acid $(C_{18:1\omega9})$ and amino acids than PSB (purple nonsulfur bacteria), Chlorella sp. and baker's yeast. The rotifer fed on Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ showed better effects than those fed on other feeds in the individual growth, size and weight. Also, the rotifer especially contained more eicosapentaenoic acid $(C_{20:5\omega3})$ and docosahexaenoic acid $(C_{22:6\omega3})$ in case of Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ feeding than the other feeds. In case of the feed of PSB and baker's yeast docosahexaenoic acid $(C_{22:6\omega3})$ did not show. In amino acid analysis, the rotifer fed on Erthrobacter sp, $S\;\pi-I$ showed more amino acid content comparing to those fed on other diets. Especially, arginine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, which are essential amino acid for fish growth, showed high contents. These results suggested that the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ would be a beneficial microbial teed for the cultivation of rotifer.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.166-174
• /
• 2004

Purple non-sulfur bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131 grew to reach the maximum cell concentration in 45 hrs of incubation in the synthetic media containing (NH4)2SO4, L-aspartic acid and succinic acid as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, at 30oC under 8 klux irradiance using halogen lamp. The strain produced hydrogen from the middle of the logarithmic growth phase and continued until the cell growth leveled out. The strain grew and produced hydrogen under the irradiance of 3-30 klux, but cell growth was inhibited over 100 klux. In addition, anaerobic/light culture condition was better than the aerobic/dark on the hydrogen production. Among various photo-bioreactors examined, the flat-vertical reactor manufactured using clear acrylic plastic material showed the best hydrogen production rate at the given culture condition.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.843-859
• /
• 2017

The JK-1 isolate which was the best producer of indole-3-acetic acid and carotenoid among the 388 strains isolated from 28 wetlands in Jeju, was identified to be Rhodopseudomonas palustirs belongs to a typical group of non sulfur purple bacteria based on 16S sRNA sequencing. This study investigated the effect of different cultural conditions of pH, temperature, agitation, light and aeration on growth, IAA and carotenoid production of photosynthetic bacterium JK-1 for optimization of IAA and carotenoid production. It was found that growth, IAA, carotenoid, and bacteriochlorophyll production with light (3,000~3,500 Lux) and agitation (100 rpm) showed better results than those with dark/static or dark/agitation (100 rpm) in anaerobic conditions. The optimal pH, temperature and agitation speed for cell growth were 7, $30^{\circ}C$, 150 rpm, for IAA production were 9, $30^{\circ}C$, 150rpm and for carotenoid production were 6, $25^{\circ}C$, 50 rpm, cultured for 72 h under anaerobic light, respectively. The growth and IAA production were high in aerobic culture compared with anaerocic culture, whereas carotenoid and bacteriochlorophyll content were decreased extremely in aerobic condition (0.5~1 vvm). Subsequently, the optimal culture conditions for JK-1 were selected with pH 7, $30^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm under anaerobic light and the effect on plant growth was tested by pot assay. Inoculation of JK-1 with 3% (v/v) level caused increase in shoot and root dry weigh that varied from 20%~58% to 40%~28% in young radish in camparison to uninoculated treatment at 50 days of growth. The study suggests that the JK-1 isolate may serve as efficient biofertilizer inoculants to promote plant growth.