• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2007

Micropropagation of Ulmus davidiana Planch was established via adventitious shoot formation from the segments of adventitious roots. Adventitious roots were produced directly from root segments of seedlings on a 1/2 SH medium plus various concentrations of IBA. The maximum growth of adventitious roots was observed in the presence of 2.0 mg/L IBA. After the segments of adventitious roots were cultured on various cytokinins (zeatin, 2-iP, BA, kinetin) and cytokinins plus auxin (IBA), formation of adventitious shoot was investigated. Among cytokinin treated, kinetin was the most effective on both adventitious shoot induction and number of shoots. Especially, 2.0 mg/L kinetin was the best to increase adventitious shoot induction (95.8%) and a number of shoots (8.4). Adventitious shoots were rooted on 1/2 WPM medium and the plantlets were acclimated 100% on composed soil (peatmoss : vermiculite 1 : 1).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2003

The effect of IBA and NAA on adventitious root cultures of Panax ginseng C.A. Mater were investigated. Results indicated differences in growth and development of the roots according to 5mg/L IBA and 2mg/L NAA. IBA resulted in a normal root development and a higher growth compared to NAA. The roots formed on NAA-containing media were shorter and thicker than those in IBA, showing a hypertrophy of the root tip. NAA induced more than 1.6 times higher ethylene production compared to IBA, which caused inhibition of the root growth. Under the ventilation, in the other hand, on difference was observed in ethylene concentration and the root growth between IBA and NAA treatments. Under ventilation ethylene production was not detected until 10 days of culture, while detected from the initial stage under on ventilation. The results suggested the importance of ventilation during the culture for the growth and development of ginseng adventitious roots.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Morinda citrifolia adventitious roots were cultured in shake flasks using Murashige and Skoog medium with different types and concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Root (fresh weight and dry weight) accumulation was enhanced at 5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ indole butyric acid (IBA) and at 7 and 9 $mg\;l^{-1}$ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). On the other hand, 9 $mg\;l^{-1}$ NAA decreased the anthraquinone, phenolic and flavonoid contents more severely than 9 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA. When adventitious roots were treated with kinetin (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) and thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) in combination with 5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA, fresh weight and dry weight decreased but secondary metabolite content increased. The secondary metabolite content (including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl activity) increased more in TDZ-treated than in kinetin-treated roots. Antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), which play important roles in plant defense, also increased. A strong decrease in ascorbate peroxidase activity resulted in a high accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. This indicates that adventitious roots can grow under stress conditions with induced CAT and G-POD activities and higher accumulations of secondary metabolites. These results suggest that 5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA supplementation is useful for growth and secondary metabolite production in adventitious roots of M. citrifolia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.454-460
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• 2009

Phyllanthus urinaria was an important species in Korea and distributed in all around of Korea. The roots and stems of this plant have been used for natural medicine for the treatment of diabetes, the hepatitis B virus and disturbances of the kidney and urinary bladder. Production of adventitious roots in P. urinaria by in vitro cultures could be used as alternatives materials. Shoot and root segments from P. urinaria seedling were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L IBA and 30 g/L sucrose. After 4 weeks of culture, the highest induction of adventitious roots was obtained from the shoot part. Frequency of adventitious root formation on medium with various kinds of auxins (IAA, NAA, 2,4-D, and IBA) and various concentrations of IBA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/L) was tested. The maximun induction of adventitious root was obtained on medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA. In liquid culture, growth of root was best on medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose. Adventitious roots were cultured in 5 L bioreactor containing 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 30 g/L sucrose and mass-production of adventitious roots was successfully achieved. These results revealed the first attempt for the production of adventitious roots in P. urinaria.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-225
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• 2007

Many plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been known for beneficial effects on plants including biological control of soilborne pathogens, induced systemic resistance to plant pathogens, phytohormone production, and improvement of nutrient and water uptake of plants. We developed a simple and rapid method for screening potential PGPR, especially phytohormone producing rhizobacteria, or for analyzing their functions in plant growth using cucumber seedling cuttings. Surface-sterilized cucumber seeds were grown in a plastic pot containing steamed vermiculite. After 7 days of cultivation, the upper part 2 cm in length of cucumber seedling, was cut and used as cucumber cuttings. The base of cutting stem was then dipped in a microcentrifuge tube containing 1.5ml of a bacterial suspension and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ with a fluorescent light for 10 days. Number and length of developed adventitious roots from cucumber cuttings were examined. The seedling cuttings showed various responses to the isolates tested. Some isolates resulted in withering at the day of examination or in reduced number of roots developed. Several isolates stimulated initial development of adventitious roots showing more adventitious root hair number than that of untreated cuttings, while some isolate had more adventitious root hair number and longer adventitious roots than that of untreated control. Similar results were obtained from the trial with rose cuttings. Our results suggest that this bioassay method may provide a useful way for differentiating PGPR's functions involved in the development of root system.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to develop rapid mass propagation via shoot organogenesis system from adventitious roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. The induction of adventitious roots from leaf explants was most favorable to MS solid medium supplemented with 2mg/L IBA. However, the growth of adventitious roots was highest when they were cultured on 1/3 strength MS liquid medium supplemented with 2mg/L IBA. When the adventitious roots were grown in 10L bioreactor, 10g roots as initial inoculum was increased to 225g after 6 weeks of culture. The harvested roots were cultured onto solid medium to induce plant regeneration. The optimal adventitious shoot formation was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L BA. Rooting of individual shoots was induced after transfer to half strength MS medium without growth regulators. Plantlets after acclimatization were successfully transplanted in the field and no phenotypic variation was observed among them.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.143-157
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• 2019

Medicinal plants are high-value natural resources that have been used as precautionary drugs by many people globally. The increasing global demand for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants has led to the overexploitation of many valuable species. One widely used approach to overcome this problem is the use of adventitious root cultures as a propagation strategy. This review examines the scientific research published globally on the application of adventitious root cultures for many medicinal plants. Adventitious roots generated under aseptic environments in suitable phytohormone-augmented medium exhibit high growth rates and production of important secondary metabolites. Parameters such as medium properties and composition, growth hormone type, and elicitation strategies for in vitro grown adventitious roots of medicinal plants, are the main topics discussed in this review. We also examine current developments in bioreactor system cultivation for plant bioactive compounds using adventitious root cultures, a technology with possible commercial applications, via several studies on adventitious root culture of medicinal plants in which bioreactor systems play a role. In conclusion, the development of adventitious root cultures for medicinal plants is highly useful because of their capability for vegetative propagation and germplasm preservation.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2021

Calystegia soldanella L. is a perennial herbaceous halophyte belonging to the convolvulaceae family, which mainly grows in coastal sand dunes in Korea. Shoots and rhizomes are edible, and roots called 'Hyoseon Chogeun' are known to have medicinal effects such as antipyretic, sterilization, and diuretic. In addition, physiological activities of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal and PTP-1B (protein tyrosine phosphate-1B) inhibition have been reported. In this study, in vitro induction cell lines of C. soldanella L. collected from the coastal sand dunes in Jeju island was redifferentiated into adventitious roots that can be used as medicinal resources. Also the biomass of mass-proliferated adventitious roots using a bioreactor were evaluated. Plants of C. soldanella L. were collected from the crevice of the seashore in the coastal area of Taeheung 2-ri, Namwon-eup, Seogwipo-si. Then, it was separated into leaves, stems, rhizomes, and roots, and surface sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol and 2% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite). After washing with sterilized water, each organ section was cultured in Hormone-free MS medium (Murashige & Skoog Medium). As a result, the induction response rates were evaluated at 85% and 55%, respectively, in terms of callus formation and shoot generation in the rhizome segment. In the case of the adventitious roots morphological characteristics induced by single-use treatment of auxin-based plant growth regulators IBA and NAA from redifferentiated shoots were compared. Most efficient adventitious root culture method as a rooting rate, number, length, and biomass proliferation in the bioreactor system was confirmed when treated by culturing in MS salts, Sucrose 30 g·L^-1, and IBA 1mg·L^-1 for 4 weeks. In this study, the medium composition and culture period were confirmed using a bioreactor system to mass-proliferate adventitious roots derived from C. soldanella L. in Jeju island. Also this adventitious root line developed a new medicinal material could increase value of the bio-industry ingredient through quantitative and qualitative screening of phyto-bioactive compounds.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 2011

We previously reported that in vitro anti-platelet activity of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (TCMG) ethanol extracts show improved efficacy when compared with commercial ginseng products such as Korean red ginseng and Panax ginseng. However, information on the anti-platelet activity of the ethyl acetate fraction from TCMG adventitious roots is limited. Therefore, in this study, we further investigated the effects of an ethyl acetate extract of TCMG (EA-TCMG) adventitious roots on in vitro antiplatelet activity in whole human blood and its effect on peripheral blood flow in mice. We found that EA-TCMG inhibited platelet aggregation with $IC_{50}$ values of 271, 180, and 147 ${\mu}g$/mL induced by collagen, adenosine-5'-diphosphate, and arachidonic acid, respectively. Among the three agonists used, thromboxane $A_2$ formation induced by arachidonic acid was markedly suppressed. Furthermore, EA-TCMG improved the peripheral circulatory disturbance by improving vascular blood flow. In conclusion, these results suggest that ethyl acetate extracts from TCMG adventitious roots might inhibit vascular platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1999

In order to study the role of ethylene on the formation of adventitious roots, trichomes and calli, the effects of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC), ethephon, $CoCl_2$ and $AgNO_3$ were investigated in the leaf segments from ecotype Columbia of Arabidopsis thaliana. When the leaf segments were cultured on the media for forming adventitious roots (0.1 mg/L NAA), trichomes (2.0 mg/L NAA) and calli (10.0 mg/L NAA), and then each cultures was treated with 1-100 mg/L of ACC and ethephon, respectively. On the adventitious root-forming medium adventitious root formation was decreased, and trichomes were induced. And on the trichome-forming medium trichome formation was decreased, and calli were induced. In order hand each culture was treated with 1-100 mg/L of $CoCl_2$ and $AgNO_3$, respectively. On the adventitious root-forming medium adventitious roots was increased without trichome formation, and on the trichome-forming medium trichome formation was decreased, and adventitious roots were induced. However on the callus-forming medium treated with ACC, ethephon, $CoCl_2$ and $AgNO_3$, respectively, callus formation was inhibited and trichomes were induced in all cultures.