Purpose - There is a dominant opinion that medium and small enterprises in the Korean economy have not developed qualitatively but only towards quantitative growth and, therefore, the unbalanced structure between large enterprises and those that are medium and small has worsened. In particular, this rapid industrialization causes after-effects such as polarization as well as anti-business sentiment, the collapse of the middle class, and hostility against the establishment. The consensus contends that it is difficult for Korea to be an advanced nation without resolving these problems. This paper attempts to suggest a co-prosperity model by limiting the focus to business relations with medium and small manufacturers (with regard to investment among the various co-prosperity institutions of POSCO). These co-prosperity institutions have been established in POSCO; however, it is thought that the development of a co-prosperity model regarding investment in medium and small manufacturers will help many needy investment manufacturers. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzes research on the co-prosperity model, using it to examine Korean cases and foreign cases. The co-prosperity model has been continuously extended but is determined to be seriously insufficient. The purpose of this study is to develop the Korean co-prosperity model by reinterpreting it in various aspects. In order to develop the Korean co-prosperity model, this study suggests the case of the establishment of the co-prosperity model by POSCO with medium and small manufacturers with regard to investment. This model is expected to be presented to many enterprises as the future co-prosperity model. Results - To date, analysis of the co-prosperity model itself and the co-prosperity model through the case of POSCO have been suggested. As empirical studies on co-prosperity in Korea are not sufficient, successful models of co-prosperity should be developed in various aspects in future. It is expected that through this study, medium and small manufacturers would have an opportunity to find various growth engines by actively using the cooperation platform and establishing optimized competitiveness of steel material through a steel business model. The ecosystem of enterprises may evolve and be healthier by making more joint products through productive business relationships between large enterprises and those that are medium and small. From the enterprises' ecosystem viewpoint, cooperation between such businesses rather than one-way support is identified as an essential element for the security of inter-competitiveness. Conclusions - Infrastructure should be established to form a dynamic industry ecosystem not by transient efforts in co-prosperity, but by an entire culture of co-prosperity across industries. In this respect, the leading role of public institutions needs to be intensified initially. In addition, the effects of co-prosperity should be extended to blind spots of policies such as third party companies and regions. A precise co-prosperity monitoring system should be established to continuously conduct and extend these efforts.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
/
제22권2호
/
pp.71-79
/
2008
High voltage distribution lines in the electric railway system placed according track with communication lines and signal equipments. Case of the over head lines is occurrence the many fault because lightning, rainstorm, damage from the sea wind and so on. According this fault caused protection device to wrong operation. One line ground fault that occurs most frequently in railway high voltage distribution lines and sort of faults is line short, three line ground breaking of a wire, and so on. For this reason we need precise maintenance for prevent of the faults. The most important is early detection and fast restoration in time of fault for a safety transit. In order to develop an advanced fault location device for 22.9[kV] distribution power network in electric railway system this paper deals with new fault locating algorithm using flow technique which enable to determine the location of the fault accurately. To demonstrate its superiorities, the case studies with the algorithm and the fault analysis using PSCAD/EMTDC (Power System Computer Aided Design/Electro Magnetic Transients DC Analysis Program) were carried out with the models of direct-grounded 22.9[kV] distribution network which is supposed to be the grounding method for electric railway system in Korea.
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
/
제32권1호
/
pp.97-104
/
2010
At present, the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is being constructing to keep pace with the reinforced standard of effluent quality and the traditional activated sludge process of preexistence is being promoting to retrofit. At the most case of retrofitting, processes are subjected to be under consideration as alternative BNR process for retrofitting. However, process evaluation methods are restricted to compare only treatment efficiency. Therefore, when BNR process apply, process evaluation was needed various method for treatment efficiency as well as sludge production and aeration cost, and all. In this study, the evaluation method of alternative process was suggested for the case for retrofitting S wastewater treatment plant which has been operated the standard activated sludge process. Three BNR processes for evaluation of proper alternatative process were selected and evaluated with suggested method. The selected $A^2$/O, VIP and DNR processes were evaluated using the mathematical model which is time and cost effective as well as gathered objective evaluation criteria. The evaluation between 5 individual criteria was possible including sludge production and energy efficiency as well as treatment performance. The objective final decision method for selection of optimal process was established through the fuzzy inference.
The ABB-CE System-80 reactor power cutback system(RPCS) is designed to enable continuous operation of the reactor without trip in the events of the loss of one of the two main feedwater pumps and loss of load, and thus improves plant availability in a cost effective manner. In this study expansion of RPCS has been investigated for continuous reactor operation without trip in the event of an inward control element assembly(CEA) deviation including a single rod drop. Under the expanded function of RPCS the control system will provide a rapid core power reduction on demand by releasing CEAs to drop into the core and reduce the turbine power, if necessary, to follow the reactor power variation. This design feature which is included as the new design features to be incorporated in the ABB-CE System-80+ meets the EPRI advanced light water reactor(ALWR) requirements. For this study core analysis models of System-80+ have been developed to simulate the nuclear steam supply system(NSSS) response as well as the RPCS initiation of rapid CEA insertion. The results of this study demonstrate that the reactor trip can be avoided in the event of inward CEA deviation including a single rod drop by the RPCS initiation and thus the plant availability and capacity factor would be increased.
PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of the digitizing of silicon rubber impressions of abutment teeth by using a white light scanner and compare differences in repeatability between different abutment teeth types. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Silicon rubber impressions of a canine, premolar, and molar tooth were each digitized 8 times using a white light scanner, and 3D surface models were created using the point clouds. The size of any discrepancy between each model and the corresponding reference tooth were measured, and the distribution of these values was analyzed by an inspection software (PowerInspect 2012, Delcamplc., Birmingham, UK). Absolute values of discrepancies were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. The discrepancy between the impressions for the canine, premolar, and molar teeth were $6.3{\mu}m$ (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4-7.2), $6.4{\mu}m$ (95% CI, 5.3-7.6), and $8.9{\mu}m$ (95% CI, 8.2-9.5), respectively. The discrepancy of the molar tooth impression was significantly higher than that of other tooth types. The largest variation (as mean [SD]) in discrepancies was seen in the premolar tooth impression scans: $26.7{\mu}m$ (95% CI, 19.7-33.8); followed by canine and molar teeth impressions, $16.3{\mu}m$ (95% CI, 15.3- 17.3), and $14.0{\mu}m$ (95% CI, 12.3-15.7), respectively. CONCLUSION. The repeatability of the digitizing abutment teeth's silicon rubber impressions by using a white light scanner was improved compared to that with a laser scanner, showing only a low mean discrepancy between $6.3{\mu}m$ and $8.9{\mu}m$, which was in an clinically acceptable range. Premolar impression with a long and narrow shape showed a significantly larger discrepancy than canine and molar impressions. Further work is needed to increase the digitizing performance of the white light scanner for deep and slender impressions.
This article investigates the relationships between motivation and revisit intention of visitors to Gangneung Danoje Festival as cultural festival with social demand. Out of 550 questionnaires distributed, a total of 514 usable questionnaires were collected. The hypothesized causal model was tested by logit model, which included satisfaction model to each program as well as overall satisfaction model to cultural festival. Model 1 is constructed with satisfaction and revisit intention to each program, and Model 2 with overall satisfaction and revisit intention to cultural festival. In this models causal variables were inputted including satisfaction to festival programs, frequency of visitation, days of stay, time required to destination. In Model 1 positive sign were shown by causal variables as satisfaction to each program, frequency of visitation, days of stay but negative signs was shown by time required to festival place. In Model 2 sign directions of causal variables were same in Model 1. In comparison, Model 2 is more significant than Model 1 on the basis of statistical theory as significance level and coefficient of determination. Consequently, cultural festival managers should test the satisfaction level of visitors to each program of cultural festival and make efforts to establish advanced program in order to attract more visitors.
Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
/
제15권6호
/
pp.92-104
/
2014
CM services have been increasingly practiced over the two decades in the Korean construction industry, and recent efforts focus on further development in advanced CM capabilities and expansion to overseas market. However, there has been lack of holistic research to investigate current status and future direction of CM industry in Korea. In this context, the purposes of this study are 1) to analyze current status of Korean CM industry in terms of owners, market, CM firms, contracts, and work scopes, 2) to define different types of CM practices, and 3) to propose growth models for Korean CM firms based on the defined CM project types. An extensive literature review and statistical analysis of 2012 CM contracts were performed in order to analyze the CM status. Based on the analyses, ten different CM types are defined, and growth paths of CM firms are illustrated. Implications and lessons learned during the statistical analysis and workshops are briefly introduced as well.
This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.
The visual implementation of 3-dimensional national environment is focused by the requirement and importance in the fields such as, national development plan, telecommunication facility deployment plan, railway construction, construction engineering, spatial city development, safety and disaster prevention engineering. The currently used DEM system using contour lines, which embodies national geographic information based on the 2-D digital maps and facility information has limitation in implementation in reproducing the 3-D spatial city. Moreover, this method often neglects the altitude of the rail way infrastructure which has narrow width and long length. There it is needed to apply laser measurement technique in the spatial target object to obtain accuracy. Currently, the LiDAR data which combines the laser measurement skill and GPS has been introduced to obtain high resolution accuracy in the altitude measurement. In this paper, we first investigate the LiDAR based researches in advanced foreign countries, then we propose data a generation scheme and an algorithm for the optimal manage and synthesis of railway facility system in our 3-D spatial terrain information. For this object, LiDAR based height data transformed to DEM, and the realtime unification of the vector via digital image mapping and raster via exactness evaluation is transformed to make it possible to trace the model of generated 3-dimensional railway model with long distance for 3D tract model generation.
Purpose: The aim of the present exploratory study was to evaluate extraction socket healing at sites with a history of periodontal and endodontic pathology. Methods: The mandibular 4th premolar teeth in 5 adult beagle dogs served as experimental units. Periodontal and endodontic lesions were induced in 1 premolar site in each animal using wire ligatures and pulpal exposure over 3 months (diseased sites). The contralateral premolar sites served as healthy controls. The mandibular 4th premolar teeth were then extracted with minimal trauma, followed by careful wound debridement. The animals were sacrificed at days 1, 7, 30, 60, and 90 post-extraction for analysis, and the healing patterns at the healthy and diseased extraction sites were compared using radiography, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and histometry. Results: During the first 7 days of healing, a significant presence of inflammatory granulation tissue was noted at the diseased sites (day 1), along with a slightly accelerated rate of fibrin clot resolution on day 7. On day 30, the diseased extraction sites showed a greater percentage of persistent fibrous connective tissue, and an absence of bone marrow formation. In contrast, healthy sites showed initial signs of bone marrow formation on day 30, and subsequently a significantly greater proportion of mature bone marrow formation on both days 60 and 90. Radiographs exhibited sclerotic changes adjoining apical endodontic lesions, with scanning electron microscopy showing collapsed Volkmann canals protruding from these regions in the diseased sites. Furthermore, periodontal ligament fibers exhibited a parallel orientation to the alveolar walls of the diseased sites, in contrast to a perpendicular arrangement in the healthy sites. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it appears that a history of periodontal and endodontic pathology may critically affect bone formation and maturation, leading to delayed and compromised extraction socket healing.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.