• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

고양이 두개강 내에 주입된 스파르가눔의 형태와 운명을 파악하고 숙주의 항체형성 양상을 관찰하고자 102마리 의 스파르가눔을 22마리의 고양이의 뇌실질 내에 주입하고 2주, 1개월, 3개월, 6개월 후에 도살하여 충체의 희 수율 및 분포를 육안으로 확인하였고 스파르가눔 감염전, 감염후 1주, 2주, 1개월, 3개월, 6개월의 뇌척수액을 얻어 효소면역 법 (ELISA)을 이용하여 시G 항체가를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 부검을 시행한 고양이 22마리 중 17마리에서 충체가 회수되었고, 뇌에 주입한 충체 총 102마리 중 43마리(42%)를 회수하였다. 충체의 두개강 내 분포는 경막하 또는 지주막하 공간에서 19마리(44%)가 검출되어 가장 많았고, 다음으로 뇌실질 내 16마리(37%), 측뇌실 내 2마리(5%)의 순이었다. 두개골의 판간층(diploic space)에 위치한 것이 1마리(2%)이었으며 두개골 외에서도 5마리(12%)가 관찰되었다. 이들 충체는 한 마리를 제외하고 모두 생존하고 있었으며 상당히 성장하여 있었다. 뇌에서 충체의 분포는 특별한 편중이 없이 전 부위에서 고르게 관찰되었고 척수에서는 검출되지 않았다. 2. ELISA를 이용하여 측정한 뇌척수액 내 IgG 항체가는 감염후 1개월부터 양성기준치 이상으로 증가하기 시작하여 감염후 3개월에는 현저하게 증가되었다. 고양이를 이용한 실험적 두개강 내 스파르가눔증은 주입한 충체의 약 400A 정도가 두개강 내에서 회수되므로 몇가지의 제약에도 불구하고 이 질병의 연구에 유용한 모델로 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 1995

폐흡충의 여러 발육 단계 즉 피낭유충 종숙주 내 성숙단계 충체 및 성충에서 분자량이 각각 28, 27, 22 및 17.5 kDa인 시스테인 계열 단백질 분해효소가 분리 정제되었다. 이 연구는 만성 폐흡충증의 육아종에서 발견되는 충란이 육아종 형성에 관여하는 물질을 분비한다면 그 분비액 중에서는 단백질 분해효소가 중요할 것이라고 가정하고 우선 그 존재를 조사하였으며 이를 부분정제하고 생화학적 특성을 관찰하였다. 실험적으로 개에 폐흡충 피낭유충을 감염시키고, 14주일 후에 개를 포살하여 폐를 분리하였다. 폐를 생리식염수로 씻어 그 세척액에서 충란을 모았다. 그후 해부 현미경하에서 이물질(이물질)을 제거하고 증류수에서 하룻밤 투석하여 충란외부에 묻어 있을 수 있는 숙주 또는 성충의 조직을 제거하였다. 충란을 생리식염수에서 마쇄한 후 원심분리에 의해 충란 조효소(조효소)를 제작하였다. 조효소에는 Cbz-phe-arg-MNA와 Azocoll을 분해하는 단백질 분해효소가 존재하였으며 이 활성은 pH 6에서 가장 높았다. 이 활성은 DTT에 의해 6.5배 증강되었고, 시스테인계 단백실 분해효소의 특이 억제제인 I-64나 IAA에 의해서는 90% 억제되었다. 조효소를 Sephacryl 5-300 HR column을 통과시켜 효소를 부분정제한 결과 분자량이 35 kDa인 시스테인 계열의 단백질 분해효소을 정제할 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.257-264
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• 1983

In order to obtain more specific antigenic preparation for the diagnosis of human paragonlmiasis, crude saline extract of whole worm (=PwWWE), secretory.excretory components (PwSEC) and secretion-excretion-free somatic extract (PwSM) of 12 week-old ParagoninBus westermani were filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel column. The adult Paragonimus worms were obtained from expevimentally infected doge. A total of 11 antigenic solutions was Iyophilised or diluted to adjust protein content of 1mg/ml. To evaluate the antigenicity of crude antigens and fractions, micro-ELISA was done with the sera from P westermani in(ected cases, C. sinensis infected cases and non-infected control cases to detect Paragonimus specific IgG antibody. The results were as follows: 1. When the PwWWE was filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel, it was separated into three fractions; PwWWE Fr. 1, PwWWE Fr. 2 and PwWWE Fr. 3. The percentage of protein content was 28.0%, 21.6% and 50.4% respectively. The PwSM was also. separated into three fractions; PwSM Fr. 1, PwSM Fr. 2, PwSM Fr. 3. and their percentage of protein content was 41.3%, 38.6% and 20.1%. However, the PwSEC showed different fractionation pattern; i.e. fraction 1 (=PwSEC Fr.1) and 3 (PwSEC Fr. 3) without fraction 2. The percentage of protein content was 14.0% in PwSEC Fr. 1 and 86.0% in PwSEC Fr. 3. 2. When the antigenicity of each Paragonimus crude antigen and fractionated antigen was evaluated for specific IgG aritibody by micro-ELISA in 10 human paragonimiasis sera, PwSEC Fr, 1 was the most potent antigen showing the mean absorbance 1.98. The PwWWE Fr. 1, PwSEC, PwWWE were next to that: their mean absorbance were 1.72, 1.38 and 0.83 respectively. The antigenicity of fractions 2 and 3 was much weaker in binding specific IgG antibody. 3. When the antigens were reacted in micro-ELISA with 10 human clonorchiasis sera, most antigens showed weak reactivity. Each fraction 1 of crude antigens reacted higher than other fractions or crude antigens; the mean absorbance was 0.17 in fraction 1, but in others the absorbances were about 0.06. 4. With non-infected control sera, the result of micro-RLISA revealed almost same pattern with those of the clonorchiasis sera. From the above results, it became apparent that PwWWE Fr. 1, especially PwSEC Fr. 1 was the most potent antigen reacted with Paragonisfaus specific IgG antibody.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.208-217
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• 2018

Objective: Examine the effects of supplementing bahiagrass hay (BG) with potentially anthelmintic quantities of hays of perennial peanut (PEA) or sericea lespedeza (LES) or seeds of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.; MUC) or papaya (PAP) on the intake and nutritive value (Experiment 1), and the performance and parasite burden (Experiment 2) of goats. Methods: In Experiment 1, 38 male goats ($27.4{\pm}5.7kg$ body weight) were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments: i) BG alone and BG plus; ii) PEA; iii) LES; iv) MUC; and v) PAP. Goats were fed for ad libitum consumption and adapted to the diets for 14 d followed by 7 d of measurement. The PEA, LES, MUC (50%, 50%, and 10% of the diet dry matter [DM], respectively), and PAP (forced-fed at 10 g/d) were fed at rates that would elicit anthelmintic effects. In Experiment 2, goats remained in the same treatments but were allocated to 15 pens (3 pens per treatment) from d 22 to 63. All goats were infected with parasites by grazing an infected bahiagrass pasture from 0800 to 1500 h daily and then returned to the pens. Results: Dry matter intake tended to be greater in goats fed PEA and LES than those fed BG (757 and 745 vs 612 g/d, respectively). Digestibility of DM (59.5% vs 54.9%) and organic matter (60.8% vs 56.0%) were greater in goats fed MUC vs BG, respectively. In Experiment 2, feeding PAP, LES, and PEA to goats reduced nematode fecal egg counts by 72%, 52%, and 32%, reduced abomasal adult worm counts by 78%, 52%, and 42%, and decreased plasma haptoglobin concentrations by 42%, 40%, and 45% relative to feeding BG alone, respectively. Conclusion: Supplementation with PEA, LES, and PAP decreased the parasite burden of goats but did not increase their performance. PAP was the most effective anthelmintic supplement.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.317-331
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• 1990

Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from Fasciola spp, Eurytrema pancreaticum and Calicophoron calicophorum occurred Korean cattle were egamined using modified air-drying method. To compare their phenotype with three different genotypes among Fasciola spp, the adult and egg si2e were measured since they have been known as important taxonomical characters. The results obtained were as followed; Cattle liver fluke, Fasciola spp were classified into three types based on their chromosomal complements such as individual with 2o chromosome(diploid), 30 chromosome(triploid) and 20/30 mosaic constitution(mixoploid). The propotions of appearance of three types were 40.00%, 54.29% and 5.71%, respectively. The frequency of three types in type I which was regarded as F gigantica were 58.82% for diploid, 35.29% for triploid and 5.88% for mixoploid, but in type II which was regarded as F hepatica were 72.2% for triploid, 22.22% for diploid and 5.56% for mixoploid. Egg length of triploid forms was significantly larger than that of diploid forms and egg size of mixoploid forms was similiar to that of triploid forms. Worm size of triploid forms was larger than that of diploid forms and was more similar to that of mixoploid forms, but the statistical data were not significant. Diploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome(m), four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes(sm), five pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes(st), while triploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome, seven pairs of submetacen.tric chromosomes, one pair of subtelocentric chromosome and telocentric chromosome(t), respectively. In mixoploid chromosome, constitution of the chromosomes of diploid or triploid cell was consistent with that of diploid or triploid. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from pancreatic fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum consisted of 13 pairs of homologs(2n=26, n=13). The mitotic and meiotic divisions were observed frequently. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of five pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, three pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes and one pair of telocentric chromosome. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from stomach fluke, Calicvphoron calicophorum consisted of 9 pairs of homologs(2n=18, n=9). The meiotic divisions was frequently observed, but mitotic divisions was rare. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of two pairs of metacentric chromosomes, three pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and four pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Karyotype of Calicophoron calicophorum differed from that of Japanese C calicophorum which was similar to that of Paramphistomum cervi of Korean cattle. Though that of Calicophoron calicophorum of Korean cattle was similar to that of Paramphistomum explanatum of Korean cattle, that have been recognized to be a different species of fluke.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2018

The present study was performed with morphological and molecular analysis (cox1 and nad1 mitochondrial genes) to identify the proglottids of spirometrid tapeworm found in the stool of an African lion, Panthera leo, in the Serengeti plain of Tanzania. A strand of tapeworm strobila, about 75 cm in length, was obtained in the stool of a male African lion in the Serengeti National Park ($34^{\circ}$ 50' E, $02^{\circ}$ 30' S), Tanzania, in February 2012. The morphological features of the adult worm examined exhibited 3 uterine coils with a bow tie appearance and adopted a diagonal direction in the second turn. The posterior uterine coils are larger than terminal uterine ball and the feature of uteri are swirling rather than spirally coiling. The sequence difference between the Spirometra species (Tanzania origin) and S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680) was 9.4% while those of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) differed by 2.1% in the cox1 and nad1 genes. Phylogenetic tree topologies generated using the 2 analytic methods were identical and presented high level of confidence values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in the cox1 gene. The morphological and molecular findings obtained in this study were nearly coincided with those of S. ranarum. Therefore, we can know for the first time that the African lion, Panthera leo, is to the definitive host of this tapeworm.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2014

Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) infections affect domestic dogs, cats, and various wild mammals with increasing incidence in temperate and tropical areas. More sensitive antibody detection methodologies are required to diagnose asymptomatic dirofilariasis with low worm burdens. Applying current transcriptomic technologies would be useful to discover potential diagnostic markers for D. immitis infection. A filarial homologue of the mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was initially identified by screening the assembled transcriptome of D. immitis (DiTCTP). A BLAST analysis suggested that the DiTCTP gene shared the highest similarity with TCTP from Loa loa at protein level (97%). A histidine-tagged recombinant DiTCTP protein (rDiTCTP) of 40 kDa expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) showed immunoreactivity with serum from a dog experimentally infected with heartworms. Localization studies illustrated the ubiquitous presence of rDiTCTP protein in the lateral hypodermal chords, dorsal hypodermal chord, muscle, intestine, and uterus in female adult worms. Further studies on D. immitis-derived TCTP are warranted to assess whether this filarial protein could be used for a diagnostic purpose.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1974

The studies were conducted on the allergic skin reaction of bovine eurytremiasis. In order to confirm the appearance of allergic skin reaction in this disease, a protein fraction of Eurytrema SPP(EPF) was extracted, and it's antigenicity was studied by means of intradermal reaction on the rabbits, goats and bovine. Rabbits used in this studies were divided into three groups: the first group was sensitized with EPF, the second group was sensitized with EPF, and the third group was served as control which is consisted with 5 non-sensitized and 2 saline injected rabbits. Three healthy native goats and bovine also used. Among these, 86 cases were eurytremiasis, 31 cases were fascioliasis and 71 cases non-infected. A protein fraction was also made from adult worm of Fasciola SPP(FPF) and tested the cross reaction between these two different fluke infestations. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Intradermal reaction was appeared in the infected cattle(bovine eurytremiasis) as well as in the EPF sensitized rabbits and goats. 2. In the EPF sensitized rabbits, the wheal of the intradermal reaction reacted the maximum size (increased wheal size of 5.0 to 9.0 mm) in 40 to 60 minutes and erythema in 60 minutes after intradermal injection of EPF antigen. In the EPF sensitized goats, the size of wheal reacted the maximum(increased wheal size of 5.5 to 8.0 mm) in 30 to 40 minutes, and then disappeared in 120 to 180 minutes after injection of EPF antgen. On the contrary, in the control groups of rabbits and goats, the wheal (7.0 mm) produced following antigen injection reached only to 7.5 to 8.5 mm. in 10 minutes without developing erythema, and then perished in 40 to 60 minutes after injection of EPF antigen. In the infected cattle, the wheal of the intradermal reaction reached the maximal sizes(increased wheal size of 4.0 to 11.0 mm) in 15 to 20 minutes and perished in 60 to 90 minutes after injection of EPF antigen. 3. It would be standardized that the positive reaction is above 4.0 mm, the negative below 2.0 mm and the suspective is 3.0 mm of the infected cattle. In the results of intradermal reaction, 87.2%(75 of 86 cases) was positive, 4.7%(4 of 86 cases) negative and 8.1% (7 of 86 cases) was suspective. However, in the non-infected control cattle, the wheal produced following injection disappeared in 30 to 40 minutes without increasing the wheal size in the most subjects or with incresing only to 1.0 to 2.0 mm in a few cattle. 4. In the results of intradermal reaction which were reciprocally tested in EPF sensitized rabbits by FPF antigen and in FPF sensitized. rabbits by EPF antigen, there were cross reacted. In the 31 cases if fascioliasis tested by EPF antigen, 11 cases were not specifically reacted with EPF antigen. Judging from the results of cross reaction in experimental rabbits and natural bovine fascioliasis, it would be expected when both EPF and EPF antigens are given intracutaneously on the same bovine patients of eurytremiasis or fascioliasis, the former antigen will produce the larger wheal in eurytremiasis, while the latter antigen will produce also the larger wheal in fascioliasis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1997

참굴큰입흡충(GMmophQHoidesseoi)은 새로운 인체 기생 장흡충으로서 최근 우리 나라에서 인체 감염의 유행이 보고된 바 있다. 이 연구는 참굴큰입흡충의 피낭유충을 시험관내에서 배양하여 성충으로 발육시킬 수 있는지 알아보고자 시행하였다. 피낭유충은 자연산 감염 굴에서 회수하였고. NCTC 109 배지에 우태아 혈청(FBS) 20%와 항생제-항진균제(Gibco) 1%를 첨가하여 사용하되 $37^{\circ}C$/5%{\;}CO_2,{\;}41^{\circ}C/8%{\;}CO_2{\;}및{\;}41^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2$의 3가지 배양조건 하에서 배양하였다 배양 2일에서 5일까지 각 조건 하에서 얻은 충체를 실험 감염 C3H 마우스에서 회수한 충체와 발육 및 성숙도를 비교하였다. 배양군의 충체 크기는 길이 $200-300{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$로서 피낭유충과 비교할 때 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나. 마우스로부터 회수한 충체는 $300-400{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 마우스 체내, $41^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2{\;}및{\;}41^{\circ}C/8%{\;}CO_2$ 조건 하에서는 모두 2일째에 충란이 형성되기 시작하였으나, $37^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2$ 하에서는 배앙 5일까지도 충란이 형성되지 않았다 배양군 중에서는 $41^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2$ 조건이 충체 성숙 및 충란 생산에 가장 적합하였으나 마우스 체내에서 자란 충체에 비해 자궁내 충란 수가 약 1/2에 불과하였다. 결론적으로 참굴큰입흡충의 시험관내 배양은 $41^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2$ 또는 $41^{\circ}C/8%{\;}CO_2$ 조건에서 부분적으로 성공적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제6권3_4호
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• pp.112-122
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• 1973

붕어와 금붕어에 기생하는 사상충, Philometroides carassii (Ishii, 1931)를 구제할 목적으로 1971년 4월부터 1972년 12월까지 당년어 붕어 200마리와 금붕어 150마리에 이 충의 유충을 여러가지 방법으로 감염시켜, 생활사를 규명하고 약물치료 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이 충은 Cyclops sp.가 중간숙주이며 이것의 복강에 침입한 유충은 3시간 이후에 감염력을 가졌다. 2. Cyclops sp.를 경유하지 않고 직접 먹힌 유충은 어체내에서 24시간내 장에서 소화되거나 배설되었다. 3. 중간숙주를 경유하여 어체의 장에 기생한 유충은 $1\~10$일후 복강속으로 침입하고, 여기서 성장하여 미성숙성충이 되었다. 붕어 복강속에서 기생하는 미성숙 성충은 $18\~20$개월 후 꼬리지느러미로 나와 성충이 되었다. 금붕어 복강속에 기생하는 미성숙 성충은 $7\~8$개월 후 꼬리지느러미로 나와 성충이 되었다. 4. 어체 복강속에 기생하는 미성숙 성중에서 본 종의 수컷을 최초로 발견했으며 암컷보다 대형이었다. 5. 성충에 대한 약물 치료효과는 기대할 수 없었고 성충에서 방출되는 유충에 대해 약욕 치료실험한 결과 dipterex가 가장 효과가 있었으며 4ppm으로 5일만에 대부분 폐사되었다.