• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

There are approximately 25,724 shelters to which people can be quickly evacuated for safety in case of emergency across the nation, and Seoul has about 3,870 shelters. Those nationwide shelters are located at a point within a five-minute radius for quick evacuation. Seoul's shelter capacity can hold 285% of its population. The problem is, however, that there is no knowing how many shelters are reachable within five minutes when considering walking speed according to individual differences in age, height, health state, and physical condition. In addition, available service areas become different according to the spatial allocation and distribution of shelters with possible vulnerable points. This study thus defined the pedestrian walking speed at 1m/s, 1.3m/s, and 2m/s by reviewing previous studies and conducted network analysis of the Location Allocation Model with the designated shelters and road networks in Seoul. The results identified the shelter service and vulnerable areas in each administrative district of Seoul according to walking speeds. It was analyzed that the vulnerable areas in which the elderly could not reach a shelter were more than twice as big as those of adult men and women with a fast walking speed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.333-339
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• 2015

The study was intended to investigate the factors affecting dental caries in adults. To that end, adults aged 19 years and older among 10,113 subjects who completed the health-related questionnaire, medical examination and nutrition surveys in the first year (2013) of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, and 4,843 subjects categorized as patients with permanent teeth caries were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in line with socio-economic aspects was found to be higher in men than in women. In view of education, the prevalence of dental caries was high in high school graduates, middle school graduates, college graduates and other advanced degree holders in the order named. Low monthly income earners showed the highest prevalence of dental caries. As for health-related lifestyles, the prevalence of dental caries was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Obese subjects showed a little higher prevalence of dental caries compared to people of normal weight. Also, the prevalence was higher in those who failed to get oral examination than otherwise. Frequent daily toothbrushing and use of dental floss and interdental brush significantly decreased the prevalence of dental caries. In the logistic regression analysis with the presence or absence of dental caries employed as a dependent variable, gender, age, income level, smoking, oral examination and use of dental floss were found to serve as independent variables affecting dental caries. Therefore, Korean adults' socio-economic factors and lifestyles were proved to affect dental caries, which warrants some dental health programs and action plans designed to help lead healthy lifestyles whilst preventing dental caries and improving dental health in adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.336-345
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the mediating effects of the acceptance of my extramarital relations, as well as the effects of the individual's openness and emotional isolation on the tolerance of spouse's extramarital affairs. This study is an empirical research based on data analysis obtained by surveying 655 adult men and women. The notable findings are as follow: First, while the openness and emotional isolation does not have direct effect on the tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship, the direct effect of that on the acceptance of my extramarital relationship is significant. Second, the more acceptance of my extramarital relationship, the less tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship strongly. Thirdly, the full mediation effect of the acceptance of my extramarital relationship between the individual openness and the tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship is proved. Moreover, the full mediation effect of the acceptance of mine between the emotional isolation and the tolerance of spouse's is also significant. That is, the effect of individual openness and emotional isolation on the tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship is influenced by the acceptance of my extramarital relationship. The perception of my extramarital relationship affect the perception of spouse's extramarital relationship. Some practical and political implications regarding extramarital relationship are discussed based on the study's findings.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

Methodology to evaluate the effective doses to adults undergoing various diagnostic x-ray examinations were established by Monte Carlo simulation of the x-ray examinations. Anthropomorphic mathematical phantoms, the MIRD5 male phantom and the ORNL female phantom, were used as the target body and x-ray spectra were produced by the x-ray spectrum generation code SPEC78. The computational procedure was validated by comparing the resulting doses to the results of NRPB studies for the same diagnostic procedures. The effective doses as well as the organ doses due to chest, abdomen, head and spine examinations were calculated for x-rays incident from AP, PA, LLAT and RLAT directions. For instance, the effective doses from the most common procedures, chest PA and abdomen AP, were 0.029 mSv and 0.44 mSv, respectively. The fact that the effective dose from PA chest x-ray is far lower than the traditional value of 0.3 mSv(or 30 mrem), which results partly from the advances of technology in diagnostic radiology and partly from the differences in the dose concept employed, emphasizes necessities of intensive assessment of the patient doses in wide ranges of medical exposures. The methodology and tools established in this study can easily be applied to dose assessments for other radiology procedures; dose from CT examinations, dose to the fetus due to examinations of pregnant women, dose from pediatric radiology.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.459-464
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic materials for marketing strategies of cosmeceuticals by investigating customers' recognition and satisfaction about cosmeceuticals targeting 161 adult men and women in their 20s to 50s and living in Seoul, Korea and then analyzing what should be improved for customers. According to the survey, many customers prefer cosmeceuticals due to the professionalism recognized by hospitals, the recommendation by doctors and the scientific image, though the recognition about cosmeceuticals is low among customers in their 40s or older because they are unfamiliar with the term. The survey also shows that the satisfaction about cosmeceuticals is very high in that 94.41% out of 49.85% total users said they were willing to repurchase them, while 72.22% out of 50.15% total nonusers said they wanted to purchase them. The greater knowledge about skin, the higher the interest in cosmetics and the aesthetic practice rate. When it comes to comparing cosmeceutical users and nonusers in choosing cosmetic products, the greater knowledge about skin, more nonusers consider brand recognition (r=.222, p<.05) and cosmetic ingredient (r=.245, p<.005); and more users convenience (r=.162, p<.05). Now that total customers' awareness of cosmeceuticals remains low yet, therefore, it is considered necessary to steadily promote them, enhance repurchase factors, and come up with strategies differentiated from ordinary cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

Elevated serum concentration of inflammation markers is known as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MS) and dietary intake is an important factor to control MS. The purpose of this study was to investigated the hypothesis that inflammatory indices are associated with dietary intake and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) in subjects with MS. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 men and 73 postmenopausal women with MS, defined by three or more risk factors of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin were examined and nutrients intake and DQI-I were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The total DQI-I score was significantly higher in female subjects ($65.87{\pm}9.86$) than in male subjects ($62.60{\pm}8.95$). There was a positive association between hs-CRP and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05) and a negative association between adiponectin and lipid (p < 0.05), total sugar (p < 0.01), and total fatty acids (p < 0.05). When the subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin and hs-CRP level, there was no association between DQI-I score and hs-CRP levels. Moderation score of DQI-I was significantly higher in highest quintile group than the lower quintile groups. Therefore, our results provide some evidence that dietary intake and diet quality are associated with inflammation markers and dietary modification might be a predictor to decrease risk for metabolic syndrome complications. However further research is needed to develop the dietary quality index reflecting the inflammatory change by considering the dietary habit and pattern of Koreans.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2002

To know the differences between health concern, health behavior, and subjective health cognition in urban and rural area, author used the correlation analysis between variables and wanted to provide basic data for public health service to support appropriate health care, health maintenance, and health promotion in community. Data collection were done in JeonBuk area from September 10 to October 10, 2001, and subjects were above 20 years old adult. 350 and 250 subjects were from urban and rural area by random sampling, respectively. Questionnaire were completed by interview with direct or self-recording type. Research tool was questionnaire with health concern, health behavior, and subjective health cognition, and data collected were analyzed into descriptives, crosstabs, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS 10.0 program. The results were as follows: 1. Health concern was 9.0% for upper group, 39.1% for middle group, 51.9% for lower group in urban area, and 10.1% for upper group, 41.0% for middle group, 48.8% for lower group in rural area. Health concern for middle and lower group was totally high percentage, and rural area had higher health concern than urban area. 2. Health behavior in both urban and rural area was statistically significant(p<0.01). Women who had higher age and with spouse had high degree of health behavior, and urban area had totally high score for health behavior compared to rural area. 3. Subjective health cognition was 71.0% for health, 29.0% for non-health in urban area, and 61.3% for health, 38.7% for non-health in rural area. Percentage of health group was higher in urban area than in rural area. 4. Degree of health behavior by health concern was statistically significant only in rural area. That is to say, the higher health concern had the higher degree of health behavior in rural area. Subjective health cognition by health behavior was totally significant correlation with health behavior in urban and rural area(p〈0.05). That is to say, the higher health behavior in urban and rural area had the higher subjective health cognition. 5. For correlations between 3 variables, there was significant correlation between health behavior and subjective health cognition in urban area (p<0.01). There were correlations between health concern and health behavior, health behavior and subjective health cognition(p<0.05). Considering above results, the higher health behavior had the higher subjective health cognition in urban area. The higher health concern had the higher behavior, and the higher health behavior had the higher subjective health cognition in rural area.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2020

When Radiofrequency energy is applied to the human body, the vibration width is very short. Therefore, the electrolyte burn generated when using the direct current does not occur. Ion molecules, polarized molecules, etc., vibrate more than 40,000 times per second, converting them into frictional heat to generate deep heat. The blood flow of capillaries increases 4-5 times more than at rest, increasing the supply of oxygen, nutrients, antibodies, and white blood cells. In addition, the electrochemical reaction does not occur because the vibration width and the pulsation period are very short. It is a physical factor treatment method that does not stimulate the sensory nerves and motor nerves. In this study, an isotonic exercise is performed in a young normal adult using a Radiofrequency pain treatment device. The purpose of this study is to integrate rehabilitation therapy by measuring electromyography data during isotonic exercise and confirming the effect on changes in motor neuron response. The EMG data generated when isotonic exercise of the forearm biceps muscle and the EMG data measured after the use of a Radiofrequency pain treatment device after exercise were RMS, respectively, and verified through t-test. It was confirmed that there was a significant difference in both men and women because the t-value was smaller than the significance level p (<.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5789-5796
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• 2011

This study examined the effect of VT(Vibration Training) on the symptoms of DOMS (Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness) before induced by eccentric exercise of the left leg triceps surae. Twenty one healthy adult men and women who had not participated in a regular exercise program for the lower extremities were assigned to one of two experimental groups: vibration training group, Control group. We measured the VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), ankle plantar flexor strength, triceps surae circumference, CK(Creatine Kinase) before and after exercise and 24, 48 and 72 hours after eccentric exercise. After inducing DOMS, VAS showed significant differences between groups at a point of time 48 hours, and showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). Plantar flexor strength of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). Triceps surae circumference of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). CK of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). As a result of the study, VT prior to eccentric exercise is effective to inhibit pain. So, this method can be suggested to prevent DOMS in doing an unfamiliar activites.