• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Objectives: The middle school students face a turbulent period between the stages of childhood and adolescence. If effective mental health education can be provided over this period, it can help prevent behavioral and emotional difficulties of students. This study aims to understand the priority of mental health education as demanded by middle school students. Methods: The subjects of this study were 612 middle school students from five schools in the P city. A questionnaire arranged mental health education into 39 items for use as a tool in the study. For data analysis, followed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis of Scheffe. Results: For general students, demand was highest for education on "Communication and Healthy Life," followed by "Self-esteem," "Stress," "Interpersonal Relationships and School Life". Conclusions: If education on mental health shall be offered at middle schools based on this study, education on how to communicate and lead a healthy life and improve self-esteem should go to general students to prevent behavioral and emotional difficulties. On the other hand, education and group programs for "Stress," "Mental Problems in the Adolescent Period" and "Addiction" should be offered to students with mental health problems to help prevent behavioral and emotional difficulties.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2021

Background: Anemia is an important health problem affecting approximately 25% of the global population. Although its prevalence is decreasing worldwide, few studies have examined the prevalence of anemia in Korean adolescents. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia in Korean adolescents over the past 21 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of anemia in adolescents aged 10-18 years for the period 1998-2018 according to sex, age, residential area, and household income. The effects of menarche age and menstruation were examined in female adolescents for the period 2001-2018. Results: Among the total 11,782 participants, the weighted prevalence of anemia was 4.0%. The prevalence of anemia in male participants significantly decreased (from 3.0% to 0.5%, P<0.001), whereas that in female participants did not change significantly over time (from 7.9% to 8.5%, P=0.054). The average age at menarche was 12.4±0.0 years; the prevalence of anemia in females increased from age 13 years onward. Multivariate analysis revealed that anemia was more common in female than male participants (odds ratio [OR], 9.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.19-13.57; P<0.001). In female adolescents, the prevalence of anemia increased with age (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15-1.38, P<0.001) and was 3.6 times higher after than before menarche (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.21-6.05, P<0.001). Conclusion: Over the 21-year study period, the prevalence of anemia decreased among male adolescents but did not change in female adolescents. In female adolescents, age and menarche were identified as significant risk factors that require continued attention.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2015

Purpose: 3HB and AcAc are two ketone bodies that can be used as energy source in brain via succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (beta-ketothiolase, T2), called ketolysis. In case of malfunction of these enzymes, ketolysis cannot occur fluently causing various clinical manifestations. We want to know the numbers of patients and clinical manifestations of ketolytic defects in Korea. Material: For 67 patients of ketolytic defects out of 2794 patients that have done urine organic acid analysis, we analyzed clinical manifestations and age distribution. The study period was from January 2007 to September 2015. Method: To confirm persistency of ketonuria, repeated and loading organic acid analysis were done at least 1 week period interval. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Result: Thirty patients in infantile period (2 M-2 Y), 31 patients in childhood period (2 Y-12 Y), 5 patients after adolescent period (>12 Y) and 1 in neonatal period were diagnosed during the study period. The most frequent chief complaint was seizure followed by seizure with developmental delay and developmental delay only. Conclusion: Ketolytic defects were not so rare in Korea. Major clinical manifestations are seizure and developmental delay or mental retardation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 1998

This study aims at investigating the effects of psychostimulant on functional cerebral localization during the attentional tasks in ADHD. Inclusional subjects were 13 boy between 6-12 years old who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. In each patient, there was a drugfree period(without methyphenidate) and a drug-loaded period(with oral methylphenidate administration), and within each period there was a resting state and a stimulated state with TOVA. Comparisons were made by measuring the amplitudes of four bands(${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\delta}$, ${\theta}$) of quantitative EEG to see if there were any differences between the drug-free period(resting and stimulated) and the drug-loaded period(resting and stimulated). In the resting state, there was no difference between the drug-free and drug-loaded periods. In the stimulated state with TOVA, the presence of methylphenidate induced significant changes in the theta to beta ratio(${\theta}/{\beta}$) in the right frontal, right parieto-occipital, and left temporal-parietal areas in contrast to the drugf-ree period. These data suggest that methylphenidate shows electrophysiological influences on cerebral topographical activities during the attentional tasks in ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether Interpersonal Cognitive Problem Solving(ICPS) skill training would enhance interpersonal solving skills and behavioral adjustment of mildly mentally retarded adolescents in the junior and high school. The program used in the present study was shortened and adapted for mildly retarded adolescents from Shure and Spivack(1982) program which was developed to improve the adjustment of children in the intermediate grades 5-6. The subjects were 22 mildly retarded adolescents, and they were assigned to either the experimental(11) or the control group(11). The experimental group were given ICPS training 4 times a week over a period of 8 weeks with a total of 32 sessions in all. The results showed a significant improvement of alternative thinking and consequential thinking in the experimental group compared with the control group. With regard to behavioral ratings by the parents and teachers, there were no significant differences between the groups. The results indicated that the training was effective in increasing the ability to generate alternative solutions and to predict consequences, but the significant improvement of interpersonal cognitive problem solving skills did not lead to noticeable improvement in behavioral adjustment. It was suggested that a longer training period for over-learning, concomitant parent education program, and more behaviorally oriented social skill training combined with the cognitive approach would yield significant training effects, maintenance and transfer.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.615-628
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• 2000

It is said that stress is the threat of peace and excess of resources which man has from special relationship between individual and environment. This study is for suggesting the method of intervention of the clinical social work service concerning stress for the adolescents who can conceive looking into the relationship between adolescent pregnancy and stress through the sundry records for them. When the change of making into parents from pregnancy overlapped with stress in the cycle of life as an adolescent period itself, the accumulated stress grows much bigger. The repeated change causes an obscurity of individual role and worsens stress and brings confusion on a priority ranking of developmental task. The pregnancy of adolescence has a demoralizing influence upon the adolescents themselves who are going to be adults, their children, and society. These negative effects won't be end in a short period so the effort of intervention in necessary to improve the coping skills and adaptability of pregnant adolescents. In case of pregnant adolescents, the approach of personal counsel is not just enough and effective prevention program can be better alternative and purpose at the same time. This intervention protects adolescents from the distress which can be easily disclosed after delivery and contribute to promote a good mental health of adolescents who will grow to be adults later. After all it implies the necessity of stress management program which can improve the coping ability against stress and develop positive recognition for the pregnant adolescents. Therefore much profounder study for practical intervention program, implementation, and evaluation is necessary with the conclusion which has the results of this literature study.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 1992

The present study was designed to investigate variables associated with mother-child interaction patterns of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD), and also to evaluate short-term effects of stimulant medication on the behaviors of ADHD children and their mothers during interaction. 15 ADHD boys(ages 5${\sim}$10 years) were treated with metylphenidate(0.5mg/kg per day) for 1 month, and their behaviors as well as their mothers for the 10 minute free play and 20 minute task performance period were videotaped through one-way mirror. The childrens attention was also evaluated using the Continuous Performance Task(CPT) and ratings of their hyperactive behaviors were obtained from their mother prior to the treatment. The videotaped interaction were rated according to the Response Class Matrix developed by Mash, Terdal & Anderson(1973). Results indicated that percentage of behavior of the mother and child during interaction was highly correlated with each other, which, in turn, was highly correlated with the symptom severity of the ADHD child. That is the more severe the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of ADHD, the more negative the interaction behavior pattern was. After 4 weeks of stimulant medication the mothers as well as the ADHD children showed a significant decrease in the percentage of negative-aggressive behavior during the task performance period. The results indicated that negative interaction behavior of the mothers was in large part a response to the negative behavior of their ADHD children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of victims of bullying and the demographic characteristics of victims, and their related psychopathology, in a Korean nationwide sample of youths in middle and high school over a one month period. Methods : During the autumn of 2009, students in the 7th to 12th grades at 23 secondary schools participated in a nationwide, cross-sectional study. The study subjects completed the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). Based on the data acquired, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Results : Among the 3364 participants, 2272 (67.54%) completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of victimization was 28.9%. Male gender was positively associated with victimization, and grade level was negatively related to victimization. The AMPQ-II bullying score (Factor 4) was significantly (p<.001) and positively correlated to the AMPQ-II student total score (r= 0.50), Worry and thought (Factor 1 ; r=0.38), Mood and suicide (Factor 2 ; r=0.31), Academic and Internet-related problems (Factor 3 ; r=0.24), Rule violations (Factor 5 ; r=0.23), and AMPQ-II teacher total score (r=0.11). Somatization (r=0.23), Obsessive-compulsive behavior (r=0.24), Interpersonal sensitivity (r=0.30), Depression (r=0.33), Anxiety (r=0.26), Hostility (r=0.30), Phobic anxiety (r=0.22), Paranoid ideation (r=0.36), and Psychoticism (r=0.31) results from the SCL-90-R were also found to be positively related to the AMPQ-II bullying score, and remained significant after adjusting for age and gender. A total of 26% of the victims reported suicidal ideations as compared to 9% of non-victims over the month prior to the evaluation ($x^2$=119.595, df=1, p<.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the AMPQ-II bullying score significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation [Exp(b)=1.55, df=1, p<.001] after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion : School bullying was highly prevalent among Korean middle and high school students. This study provided strong evidence that suicidal ideation and psychopathology were serious problems among the victims of bullying.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2004

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of research related with unmarried mother. Method: 81 theses about unmarried mother from 1972 to 2003 were analyzed according to the theses' characteristics, sources by publication period, research design, nursing intervention effect of experimental study and theme of qualitative research. Results: 1. The number of studies related with unmarried mother has progressively increased by year from 1972, and that of theses was highest during the period between 2000 to 2003. 2 As for study design, the number of quantitative studies were 73 and that of qualitative studies were 8. The majority of research design were survey and correlational studies. 3. Nursing intervention used in the experimental design were stress management program, eco-system support group, group art treatment, career education program, musical activities, prenatal education. All of experimental design were used in the after 2000. 4. The themes of qualitative studies were childbirth experience, a participatory on the life, mother's keeping a child, experience of pregnancy and delivery, the self-group program, the process and experience of becoming unmarried adolescent mother, needs of single mothers with child and policy of social welfare service, lived experience of hope. All of these were used in the after 1999. Conclusions: The summary of the above results shows a tendency that the study has increased by year. Especially, experimental study proved affirmative effect. However, for the unmarried mother, more experimental and qualitative studies are to be required.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.287-296
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• 2015

This study was purposed to figure out current situation of part of 273 middle-school girls' dietary behavior and problems, then provide baseline data which helps to develop desirable eating behavior and life style. It appeared that suitable amount of eating(F=6.378, p=.002), degree of unbalanced diet(F=3.542, p=.030), Nutrients intake(F=6.780, p=.001), and life style(F=4.291, p=.015) differs between groups depending on student's subjective physical health status. It turned up that perceived physical health status is related to moderate amount of eating, degree of unbalanced diet, and Nutrients intake(p<0.05). As a results, in the period of adolescent which is a rapid growth period, there should be a systematic and endurable practice of right eating behavior, foods for formation of lifestyle, and convergence education in health area.