• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of solution-focused group counseling on the school attitude, self-esteem and hope in school maladjusted adolescents. Methods: The research design of this study was a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Thirty middle school students referred to a community mental health center in G city for school maladjustment from a school and welfare center were assigned to the experimental group and thirty middle school students in care for school maladjustment at a welfare center were assigned to the control group. The solution-focused group counseling for the experimental group was conducted once a week for 90 minutes during 6 weeks. The data were collected from December 10, 2003 to May 23, 2004. The data was analyzed by x2-test, t-test and paired t-test using the SAS program. Results: 1) School attitude increased significantly after solution-focused group counseling (t=6.036 p=.001). 2) Self-esteem increased significantly after solution focused group counseling (t=2.705, p=.010). 3) Hope increased significantly after solution-focused group counseling (t=3.671, p=.001). Conclusion: Solution-focused group counseling appears to be a very effective intervention for school maladjusted adolescents by increasing self-esteem, positive school attitude, hope and coping with problems.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2017

Objectives: Very early-onset schizophrenia (VEOS) is a type of psychosis having a low frequency, insidious onset, and devastating clinical outcome. In this study, the demographic features, information on medication, clinical outcomes, and intellectual capability of patients diagnosed with VEOS in a hospital were analyzed to provide therapeutic strategies for this type of schizophrenia. Methods: Using the electronic medical records of the National Center for Mental Health, 69 patients with VEOS were identified based on the DSM-5 criteria of schizophrenia. The data were summarized and analyzed according to the demographic characteristics, medications used, intellectual strength measured by the full intelligence quotient (FIQ) score, and current clinical status measured by the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and various combinations of these parameters. Results: The screened study group contained similar numbers of males and females. The younger the onset of psychosis, the lower the frequency. The study population included a significantly higher proportion of births in the winter season than that of the general population. The 3 most frequently used antipsychotic medications were risperidone and its derivatives, clozapine and olanzapine. Valproic acid and divalproex sodium were the most commonly added drugs for outcome augmentation. 53.5% of the study population had received benzodiazepines and/or hypnotics. The average FIQ of the study population was 69.4, which is quite low compared to previous Korean studies with similar populations. There was a weak negative correlation between FIQ and CGI-S, but it was not statistically significant. The average CGI-S score was 4.2, which meant that the patients were moderately ill. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that patients with VEOS showed more frequent intellectual deficits at baseline and poorer outcomes than the control group. Risperidone, clozapine, valproic acid and their combinations were the most preferred medications for the treatment of psychosis. Benzodiazepines were quite commonly added for various reasons.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.524-535
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose was to identify the risk of drug use by adolescents. Method: The participants were 933 male students in the first grade of a high school in D city. The data were collected from Aug. 5th to Oct. 30th, 2004. The instrument was the High Risk Group Adolescent Drug User Screening Test(HIRIGADUST) developed by the Korea Adolescent Society(1996). The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: For substance use, 64.5% of the students answered that they had drunk, 40.3% that they had smoked, and 2.0% that they had tried drug use. For scores on HIRIGADUST regarding socio-demographic characteristics, there were significant differences depending on school type, personality, academic performance, economic status, and ability to talk with parents. For scores on HIRIGADUST regarding drug using-related characteristics, there were significant differences depending on drinking experience, frequency of drinking, amount of alcohol intake, smoking experience and number of cigarettes smoked. Of the students 27.2% students were in the high risk group. Conclusion: In schools, systematic and intensive assessment of drug use should be done, and if needed, a service system connected to clinics specializing in drug addiction should be established. Prevention education should be carried out continuously.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of a depression intervention and suicide prevention program in adolescents with high risk of suicide. Methods: This research was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. The participants were adolescents with high risk of suicide in mental health screening examination. A total of 40 adolescents (experimental group=21, control group=19) were sampled from C-gun, Chungbuk Province. The experimental group participated in the depression intervention and suicide prevention program for eight sessions while the control group did not participate in the program. Data were collected with a self-reporting structured questionnaire from November to December, 2008. SPSS/Win 12.0 was used for data analyses including chi-square test, t-test, and paired t-test. Results: After this program, there was no statistically significant difference in depression (t=1.498, p=.142) between the two groups, but depression decreased in the experimental group. There was a statistically significant difference in suicide ideation (t=2.058, p=.047). Conclusion: To decrease depression and suicide ideation in adolescents with high risk of suicide, it is necessary to offer this program in a more intensive course and for a longer period. Also, family consultation programs and individual case treatment and consultation programs should be offered.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.620-630
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the level of depression, self-esteem and mother-adolescent (M-A) communication perceived by both mothers and adolescents between the early adolescent (E-A) group and the late adolescent (L-A) group; and to examine the actor effect and the partner effect of self-esteem and M-A communication on depression in mothers and adolescents. Methods: Participants were 107 Kirogi families who resided in the Midwest region of the U. S. Data were collected from September, 2008 to March, 2009 using the scales of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), Self-esteem and Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory. Results: Mothers in E-A group reported higher scores on depression than mothers in L-A group. Adolescents in L-A group reported higher scores on depression and lower scores on self-esteem than adolescents in E-A group. In the E-A group, mothers' selfesteem had big actor effect on mothers' depression and partner effect on adolescents' depression. In the L-A group, selfesteem of mothers and adolescents had actor effect on their depression respectively without partner effect. M-A communication of mothers influences mothers' depression negatively and adolescents' depression positively. In both group, M-A communication influences their depression with mediating effect of self-esteem. Conclusion: To promote Kirogi families' mental health, programs for mothers and adolescents should be developed differently according to adolescents' development stage.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.515-524
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of adolescents on self-rated health and happiness, physical activity, and mental health according to time of smartphone use. The researcher used raw data from the Korea youth risk-behavior web-based survey(2017). A total of 64,991 adolescents were enrolled and 54,603 were analyzed in logistic regression analysis. The researcher set gender, self-rated health and happiness, physical activity, and mental health as independent variables and performed logistic regression analysis with smartphone overuse time as dependent variables. As a result, the female had a smartphone overuse of 1.49 to 1.67 times higher than male. Subjectively healthy people were 1.2 to 1.35 times more likely to use smartphones than those who did not(p<.001). People with higher physical activity were higher by 1.17 to 1.18 times than people without physical activity(p<.001). Subjective happiness did not predict smartphone usage(p>.05). People with subjective stress were higher 1.13 to 1.22 times than people without stress, and person with sadness and despair and suicide plan, 1.37 to 1.54 times, 1.17 to 1.24 times than those who did not(p<.001). Depression tended to become more serious as smartphone use increased. These investigation suggest that the self-rated health, physical activity, and mental health excluding self-rated happiness are related to overuse of smartphone.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2013

Objectives : We investigated the long-term tolerability of escitalopram in Korean adolescents. Methods : The subjects were 37 adolescents, who had been diagnosed with depressive disorder in accordance to DSM-IV. Clinical effectiveness was assessed by Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale at the final follow-up visit. Tolerability was assessed through a medical record of the reason for discontinuation of escitalopram and documented adverse events. Results : The mean duration of treatment was $78.1{\pm}89.5$ days, and the mean dosage was $10.0{\pm}4.4$mg/day. Out of the total 37 patients, two (5%) patients sustained use of escitalopram. Twelve patients (32.4%) discontinued use of escitalopram due to target symptom remission, and 23 patients (61.9%) due to insufficient efficacy. Six patients (16.2%) had at least one documented adverse event. However, no suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior was reported. Significant differences in clinical symptom improvement efficacy were seen between the patients who were receiving escitalopram for less than 8 weeks (4.3%, 1/13) and those for more than 8 weeks (92.9%, 13/14). There was no significant difference between the tolerability of monotherapy compared to the concomitant use group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that long-term use of escitalopram may result in superior efficacy than shortterm use, and is tolerable in Korean adolescents with depression.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a decrease in face-to-face classes worldwide, affecting the mental health of children and their parents. The global pandemic has increased children's overall use of electronic media. This study analyzed the effect of children's screen time on problematic behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 186 parents from Suwon, South Korea, were recruited to participate in an online survey. The mean age of the children was 10.14 years old, and 44.1% were females. The questionnaire included questions on children's screen time, problematic behaviors, and parental stress. Children's behavioral problems were evaluated using the Behavior Problem Index, whereas the Parental Stress Scale was used to estimate parental stress. Results: The mean smartphone usage frequency of the children was 5.35 days per week, and the mean smartphone screen time was 3.52 hours per day. Smartphone screen time (Z=4.49, p<0.001) and usage frequency (Z=2.75, p=0.006) were significantly correlated with children's behavioral problem scores. The indirect effect of parental stress on this relationship was also statistically significant (p=0.049, p=0.045, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that children's smartphone screen time has affected problematic behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, parental stress is related to the relationship between children's screen time and problematic behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2002

The authors reviewed the child and adolescent's traumatic experiences expressed in movies through late 1950s to year 2002. The movies are roughly classified by 3 categories based on the methods that used to express protagonist's experience and to uncover the meaning that is implied, that is, an important motive of growth, a metaphor of socio-political issues, or merely an event to develop a drama. Movie is a product of repetition compulsion and an activity like symbolic play between creator and spectators through screen, which enables a kind of corrective emotional experience. The curative elements in movies were also reviewed. The authors suggest the importance of mutual communications between movie creators and psychiatrists because media images about psychiatric issues can make internal stereotypes in conscious and unconscious mind of spectators.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2017

Reliable and valid diagnostic screening tools in the primary care setting enable accurate estimation of depression in individuals at risk or in need of treatment, and provide patients with an opportunity to receive optimal treatments. Although there have been extensive studies on screening tools for depression used in domestic mental health settings, there is little consideration and lack of a thorough review of the diagnostic validity of screening tools. In the current review, we selected 13 representative screening tools for depression which were evaluated in a total of 19 validation studies conducted in Korea. We summarized DSM-5 target domains, diagnostic indices, sensitivity, specificity, cut-off scores, and diagnostic validity information for each tool. Finally, the depression measurement expert group was constituted to evaluate the current status of screening tools for depression, and their recommendations for a new screening tool were summarized. This study was conducted as part of the Mental Health Technology Development project to develop the Korean screening tool for depression (K-DEP).