• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2006

Future cell-based therapies such as tissue engineering will benefit from a source of autogenous pluripotent stem cells. There are embryonic stem cells (ESC) and autologous adult stem cells, two general types of stem cells potentilally useful for these applications. But practical use of ESC is limited due to potential problems of cell regulation and ethical considerations. To get bone marrow stem cells is relatively burden to patients because of pain, anesthesia requirement. The ideal stem cells are required of such as the following advantages: easy to obtain, minimal patient discomfort and a capability of yielding enough cell numbers. Adipose autologus tissue taken from intraoral fatty pad or abdomen may represent such a source. Our study designed to demonstrate the ability of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hATSC) from human abdominal adipose tissue diffentiating into osteocyte and adipocyte under culture in vitro conditions. As a result of experiment, we identified stromal cell derived adipose tissue has the multilineage potentiality under appropriate culture conditions. And the adipose stromal cells expressed several mesenchymal stem cell related antigen (CD29, CD44) reactions. Secondary, we compared the culture results of a group of hATSC stimulated with TGF-${\beta}$1, bFGF with a hATSC group without growth factors to confirm whether cytokines have a important role of the proliferation in osteogenic differentiation. The role of cytokines such as TGF-${\beta}$1, bFGF increased hATSC's osteogenic differentiation especially when TGF-${\beta}$1 and bFGF were used together. These results suggest that adipose stromal cells with growth factors could be efficiently available for cell-based bone regeneration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.8
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• 2024

This study was performed to assess the antiapoptotic effect of canine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treated on the canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) under cold ischemic conditions. The effect of preventing apoptosis of cMSCs was evaluated in the apoptotic condition induced by cold ischemic injury in vitro. To determine the progression of apoptosis, the changes in cell nucleus were observed using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence staining. In addition, we examined the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 activity. When the cold hypoxic injury was applied to cMSCs, the apoptotic change was observed by DAPI staining, mitochondrial staining for MMP, and caspase-3 assay. PRP significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Nuclear shrinkage and fragmentation of apoptotic cells in control groups were observed by DAPI staining. The MMP was recovered by the treatment of PRP. In addition, when the luminescence intensity was measured for caspase-3 activity, the value was significantly higher in the PRP treated groups than the control groups. The results of this study showed that the PRP may have a beneficial effect on apoptosis induced by cold ischemic injury.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2008

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are largely studied for their potential clinical use. But it is hard to get enough number of those cells for clinical trials and give serious pain to the patients. Adipose tissue is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated with large amount. This cell population (adipose derived stem cells: ADSCs) can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the ADSCs extracted from omental or subcutaneous fat tissue were expanded during third to fifth passages. The phenotype of the ADSCs was identified by the conventional cell surface markers using flow cytometry: positive for CD29 and CD44, but negative for CD34, CD45, CD117 and HLA-DR that similar to those observed on BMSCs. The ADSCs were able to differentiate into the osteoblast or adipocytes with induction media. Finally, ADACs expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on BMSCs and differentiated into osteoblast, adipocyte. With this, human adipotissue contains multipotent cells and may represent an alternative stem cell source to bone marrow-derived MSCs.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2020

Autologous fat grafts are widely used in soft-tissue augmentation and reconstruction. To reduce the unpredictability of fat grafts and to improve their long-term survival, cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) was introduced. In this alternative method, autologous fat is mixed and grafted with stromal vascular fraction cells or adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs). In regenerative medicine, ASCs exhibit excellent therapeutic potential and are also simple to harvest. Although the efficacy of CAL has been demonstrated in experimental and clinical research, studies on its safety in terms of oncologic risk have reported inconclusive results. In order to establish CAL as a viable stem cell therapeutic approach, it will be necessary to demonstrate its oncologic safety in basic and clinical studies. Doing so could transform the paradigm of clinical strategy and practice for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2010

Aim of the study: An alternative source of adult stem cells that could be obtained in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort would be advantageous. Adipose tissue could be processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells or adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs). This study was performed to confirm the availability of ATSCs in bone tissue engineering. Materials amp; Methods: In this study, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell was extracted from the liposuctioned abdominal fat of 24-old human and cultivated, and the stem cell surface markers of CD 105 and SCF-R were confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. The proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and ATSCs were compared, and evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of ATSCs in a specific osteogenic induction medium. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific BMP-2, ALP, Cbfa-1, Osteopontin and osteocalcin were confirmed by RT-PCR. With differentiation of ATSCs, calcium concentration was assayed, and osteocalcin was evaluated by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay). The bone formation by 5-week implantation of HA/TCP block loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ATSCs in the subcutaneous pocket of nude mouse was evaluated by histologic analysis. Results: ATSCs incubated in the osteogenic medium were stained positively for von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific genes was also detected. ATSCs could be easily identified through fluorescence microscopy, and bone formation in vivo was confirmed by using ATSC-loaded HA/TCP scaffold. Conclusions: The present results show that ATSCs have an ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and formed bone in vitro and in vivo. So ATSCs may be an ideal source for further experiments on stem cell biology and bone tissue engineering.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.232-237
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• 2024

This study investigated how adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) respond to chondrogenic induction using droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We analyzed 37,219 high-quality transcripts from control cells and cells induced for 1 week (1W) and 2 weeks (2W). Four distinct cell clusters (0-3), undetectable by bulk analysis, exhibited varying proportions. Cluster 1 dominated in control and 1W cells, whereas clusters (3, 2, and 0) exclusively dominated in control, 1W, and 2W cells, respectively. Furthermore, heterogeneous chondrogenic markers expression within clusters emerged. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes unveiled cluster-specific variations in key biological processes (BP): (1) Cluster 1 exhibited up-regulation of GO-BP terms related to ribosome biogenesis and translational control, crucial for maintaining stem cell properties and homeostasis; (2) Additionally, cluster 1 showed up-regulation of GO-BP terms associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism; (3) Cluster 3 displayed up-regulation of GO-BP terms related to cell proliferation; (4) Clusters 0 and 2 demonstrated similar up-regulation of GO-BP terms linked to collagen fibril organization and supramolecular fiber organization. However, only cluster 0 showed a significant decrease in GO-BP terms related to ribosome production, implying a potential correlation between ribosome regulation and the differentiation stages of AT-MSCs. Overall, our findings highlight heterogeneous cell clusters with varying balances between proliferation and differentiation before, and after, chondrogenic stimulation. This provides enhanced insights into the single-cell dynamics of AT-MSCs during chondrogenic differentiation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

With the progress of regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received attention as a way to restore ovarian function. It has been reported that MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord blood, menstrual blood, and amniotic fluid improved ovarian function. In light of previous studies and advances in this field, there are increased expectations regarding the utilization of MSCs to restore ovarian function. This review summarizes recent research into potential applications of MSCs in women with infertility or primary ovarian insufficiency, including cases where these conditions are induced by anticancer therapy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.469-474
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• 2014

Cell therapies utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential in many research and clinical settings. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSCs have been studied previously and the paracrine effects elicited by their production of various growth factors and cytokines were recognized as being crucial. However, the molecular controls that govern these paracrine effects remain poorly understood. To elucidate the molecular regulators of this process, we performed a global knockdown of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) by inhibiting DGCR8, a key protein in miRNA biogenesis. Global disruption of miRNA biogenesis in hADSCs caused dramatic changes in the expression of subsets of growth factors and cytokines. By performing an extensive bioinformatic analysis, we were able to associate numerous putative miRNAs with these genes. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that miRNAs are essential for the production of growth factors and cytokines in hADSCs.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.227-237
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• 2009

Recently, adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC) that are similar to bone marrow MSC and blood derived MSC are thought to be another source for stem cell therapy. However, the diseases that can be applied for stem cells therapy are age-dependent degenerative diseases. Accordingly, the present study investigated the growth and differentiation potential to neural cells of human AdMSC (hAdMSC) obtained from aged thirty, forty and fifty. The growth of cells and cell viability were measured by passage and neural differentiation of hAdMSC was induced in neural differentiation condition for 10 days. Our results demonstrated that cell number, viability and morphology were not different from hAdMSC by age and passage. Immunofluorescence analysis of neural cell marker (TuJ1, NSE, Sox2, GFAP or MAP2) demonstrated no significant differences in neural cell differentiation by age and passage. As the number of passage was increased, the mRNA level of MAP2 and Sox2 was decreased in hAdMSC from age of 50 compared to hAdMSC from age of 30. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that ability of neural cell differentiation of hAdMSC was maintained with ages, suggesting that autologous stem cells from aged people can be applied for stem cell therapy with age-dependent neural disease with the same stem cell quality and ability as stem cell derived from young age.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: To examine whether ischemic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) will be salvaged from cell death by human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in an organotypic retina model. Methods and Results: Deprived of arterial oxygen supply, whole mice retinas were cultured as an ex vivo organotypic cultures on an insert membrane in a 24-well plate. The therapeutic potential of ADSCs was examined by co-culture with organotypic retinas. ADSCs were seeded on top of the RGCs allowing direct contact, or at the bottom of the well, sharing the same culture media and allowing a paracrine activity. The number of surviving RGCs was assessed using Brn3a staining and confocal microscopy. Cytokine secretion of ADSCs to medium was analyzed by cytokine array. When co-cultured with ADSCs, the number of surviving RGCs was similarly significantly higher in both treatment groups compared to controls. Analysis of ADSCs cytokines secretion profile, showed secretion of anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative cytokines (threshold>1.4). Transplantation of ADSCs in a co-culture system with organotypic ischemic retinas resulted in RGCs recovery. Since there was no advantage to direct contact of ADSCs with RGCs, the beneficial effect seen may be related to paracrine activity of ADSCs. Conclusions: These data correlated with secretion profile of ADSCs' anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative cytokines.