• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1216-1225
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• 2014

Biofilm-related infections of Candida albicans are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, especially those with immunocompromised status. Options of the antifungal drugs available for successful treatment of drug-resistant biofilms are very few, and as such, new strategies need to be explored against them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of phenylpropanoids of plant origin against planktonic cells, important virulence factors, and biofilm forms of C. albicans. Standard susceptibility testing protocol was used to evaluate the activities of 13 phenylpropanoids against planktonic growth. Their effects on adhesion and yeast-to-hyphae morphogenesis were studied in microplate-based methodologies. An in vitro biofilm model analyzed the phenylpropanoid-mediated prevention of biofilm development and mature biofilms using XTT-metabolic assay, crystal violet assay, and light microscopy. Six molecules exhibited fungistatic activity at ${\leq}0.5mg/ml$, of which four were fungicidal at low concentrations. Seven phenylpropanoids inhibited yeast-to-hyphae transition at low concentrations (0.031-0.5 mg/ml), whereas adhesion to the solid substrate was prevented in the range of 0.5-2 mg/ml. Treatment with ${\leq}0.5mg/ml$ concentrations of at least six small molecules resulted in significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of biofilm formation by C. albicans. Mature biofilms that are highly resistant to antifungal drugs were susceptible to low concentrations of 4 of the 13 molecules. This study revealed phenylpropanoids of plant origin as promising candidates to devise preventive strategies against drug-resistant biofilms of C. albicans.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.396-403
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• 2006

Changes in cell adhesion molecules are associated with infiltration and metastatic progression of cancer. Reduced expression of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ complex in some carcinomas has been reported. The changes in the expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not fully understood and it also remains undetermined whether the expression of these adhesion molecules in metastatic lesions differs from that in the primary lesions. In the present study, therefore, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ in 45 primary OSCCs and 19 metastatic lymph nodes. We compared the expression of these molecules between primary and metastatic lesions and investigated the correlation between the expression and clinicopathologic parameters. The expression of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ was reduced in 35/45 (78.2%), 14/45 (31.2%) of primary tumors respectively, but 18/19 (94.7%) and 17/19 (89.4%) of lymph nodes showed preserved expression. The reduced expression of the E-cadherin was associated with lymph node metastasis, invasive mode and marginal status but no significant relationship was not found with ${\beta}-catenin$. In conclusion, the loss of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ complex function is associated with progression of OSCC and suggest that the expression of this complex will be a supplementary prognostic tool.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2011

Background: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infected B cells are transformed into lymphoblastoid cell lines. Some researchers suggested some a few similarities between this process and carcinogenesis. We observed the expression of CD80 and CD86, co-stimulatory molecules on EBV-transformed B cells and changes of CD54 expression after stimulation of CD80 and CD86. Methods: CD80 and CD86 were stimulated using anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 monoclonal antibodies. To assess apoptosis and surface protein expression, flow cytometric analysis was performed. Intracellular signal molecules were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunoblot. Morphology and localization of proteins were examined using inverted or confocal microscope. Results: Cross-linking of CD80 and CD86 induced apoptosis and interfered with proliferation of EBV-transformed B cells, and dispersion of clumped cells. We also examined that their stimulation induced ROS accumulation and reduced CD54 expression. Interestingly, we observed that CD80 and CD86 diminished the expression of CD54 in different methods. Both CD80 and CD86 downregulated activation of focal adhesion kinase. CD80 stimulus inhibited CD54 expression through mainly RhoA inactivation, while CD86 down-regulated Ras and JNK phosphorylation. Conclusion: These results suggest that co-stimulatory CD80 and CD86 molecules, expressed EBV-transformed B cells, may play a role in apoptosis and cell adhesion.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.163-166
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• 2018

이 딥펜 나노리소그라피(DPN)는 원자 힘 현미경(AFM)을 기반으로 하는 나노 및 마이크로 패턴 제조 기술이다. 다양한 잉크 물질을 AFM 탐침에 코팅하여 탐침과 기판 사이에 형성된 물 메니스커스를 통해 기판으로 전이시켜 패턴을 제조한다. 본 연구에서는, 실란 전처리된 AFM 탐침 표면에 불소 실란 잉크 용액을 코팅하고 하이드록시기로 개질된 실리콘 기판 위에 접촉시킨 후, DPN 기술을 이용하여 표면으로 잉크 물질을 전이시키는 연구를 진행하였다. HDFDTMS 잉크 물질의 dot 어레이 패턴을 안정적으로 제조하였으며, AFM 탐침과 기판 사이의 접촉시간에 따라 패턴 크기가 선형적으로 증가하는 전형적인 DPN의 확산 메커니즘을 보였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1256-1262
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• 1997

연구배경 : 유착분지는 염증세포와 내피세포의 유착과, 이동, 동원에 관여하는 것으로 알려졌다. 이러한 유착분자가운데 ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin은 각종 염증질환이나 알레르기질환, 박테리아나 바이러스성 질환 및 어떤 암종에서 혈청내 농도가 증가되어 있음이 보고되었다. 결핵은 Mycobacterium tuberculosis에 의하여 생기는 감염으로 세포면역반응이 중요한 역할을 하며 결핵병변 부위로 여러 염증세포들이 모여드는 것이 병인에 중요한 역할을 하고 여기에 유착분자들이 관여하는 것으로 보인다. 이에 저자들은 경증, 중등증, 중증 결핵 환자의 혈청에서 sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin농도를 측정하여 결핵의 활성 정도와 농도와의 관계, 결핵 병인과의 관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 1996년 3월까지 전북대학교병원 내과에 입원하여 진단 받은 환자 51명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상 대조군운 5명으로 하였다. 결핵의 진단은 흉부 X선 촬영 및 도말검사나 배양경사로 하였으며 환자군은 국제 결핵 협회분류에 따라 각각 경증, 중등증, 중증으로 분류하였다. Genzyme사의 Predicta ICAM-1 ELISA kit, R & D systems사의 VCAM-1 ELISA kit와 E-selectin ELISA kit를 이용하여 혈청 sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : sICAM-1은 정상대조군에 비해 중등증 및 중증의 활동성 폐결핵환자에서 유의있게 증가하였고, 질병의 증도에 따라 sICAM-1의 농도가 유의있게 증가하였다. sVCAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 활동성 폐결핵 환자에서 유의있게 증가하였으나 질병의 중증도에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. sE-selectin은 중증의 활동성 폐결핵 환자에서만 유의있게 증가하였다. 결 론 : sICAM -1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin이 결핵의 병인에 관여하고, 이중 sICAM-1과 sVCAM-1이 유의하게 결핵의 활성도를 반영하며, 특히 sICAM-1은 중증도를 반영하는 유용한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.618-625
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• 2006

The infiltration of both monocyte and activated T cells in the skin is one of critical steps in the development of UVB-induced inflammation. Upregulation of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on the surface of keratinocytes plays an important role in this process. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism responsible for UVB-induced expression of ICAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesion by keratinocyte. We observed that (1) UVB induced protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human keratinocyte cell HaCaT; (2) UVB induced the translocation of NF-kappaB and inhibition of NF-kappaB by NF-kappaB inhibitors suppressed UVB-induced mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1; (3) UVB increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by HaCaT cells; (4) UVB-induced increase of intracellular ROS level was suppressed by pre-treatment with diphenyl iodonium (DPI) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC); and (5) inhibition of UVB-induced ROS production by DPI or NAC suppressed UVB-mediated translocation of NF-kappaB, expression of ICAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesion in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that UVB-induced ROS is involved in the translocation of NF-kappaB which is responsible for expression of ICAM-1 and subsequent increased monocyte adhesion in human keratinocyte.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2006

The halophilic enterobacteria, Enterobacteria cancerogenus, was isolated from the intestines of the fusiform fish (Trachurus japonicus) to yield a protein-like material termed PLM-f74. PLM-f74 was characterized by strong inhibition ratios to angiogenesis (82.8% at the concentration of $18.5{\mu}g/mL$) and elevated antioxidative capacities with low toxicity. The PLM-f74 is a glycoprotein comprised of saccharides and amino acids. PLM-f74 inhibited non-activated U937 monocytic cell adhesion to HUVECs activated with IL-$1{\beta}$ by 78.0%, and the adherence of U937 cells treated with the PLM-f74 and stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ to unstimulated HUVECs decreased by 102%. When both cell types were pretreated with PLM-f74, the adhesion of U937 cells to IL-$1{\beta}$ stimulated HUVECs was completely suppressed by 121% at a concentration of 18.5 ug/mL. PLM-f74 blocked signal pathways from VEGFR2, PI3K, ${\beta}$-catenin and VE-cadherin to NF-kB based on western bolt analysis. And also inhibited IL-1-stimulated HUVEC expression of the adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 by 40%, VCAM-1 by 60%, and E-selectin by 70% at the same concentration noted above. New anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion materials showing elevated antioxidative capacities and non-toxicity may be expected from these results.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2008

Vascular inflammation is an important step in the development of cardiovascular disorder. Since it has not been known whether Korean red ginseng has a role to play on the vascular inflammation, we investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on monocyte adhesion and its underlying signaling mechanism. Monocyte adhesion assay and Western blot were conducted on the human umbilical vein endothelial cells to study monocyte adhesion and the expression of adhesion molecules. Intracellular calcium was measured with Fura-2 fluorescent staining, and superoxide production was measured with lucigenin chemiluminescence in the endothelial cells. KRGE inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced monocyte adhesion on the endothelial cells at the range of $0.03{\sim}1$ mg/ml. TNF-alpha-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were inhibited by the pretreatment of KRGE in the endothelial cells. KRGE also inhibits TNF-alpha-induced intracellular calcium and the superoxide production in the endothelial cells. This study first demonstrated that KRGE inhibits TNF-alpha-induced monocyte adhesion by inhibiting the adhesion molecule expression, intracellular calcium and superoxide production in the endothelial cells. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory function of KRGE may be contributed to protecting the endothelial dysfunction in the vascular inflammatory disorders.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2007

동백잎의 열수 추출물이 신생혈관 생성억제 효과가 강하게 나타남으로써 이들 추출물에 대한 독성 시험을 HUVECs를 사용하여 검토한 바는 200 ug/mL에서도 독성이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 1.5, 3.0, 15 및 30 ug/mL으로 농도가 증가함에 따라 각각 30.7%, 38.5%, 53.8% 그리고 70.0%의 신생혈관 생성억제율을 보였다. 세포부착 저해효과는 C. japonica leaf (CJL)의 농도가 50, 100, $200{\mu}g{/well}$으로 증가할 때 E-selectin이 46.7%, 66.7% 그리고 86.76%, VCAM-1이 23.0%, 61.5% 그리고 84.6%, ICAM-1이 11.0%, 55.5% 그리고 88.8%로 나타났다. C. japonica leaf (CJL)의 성분 증가에 따라 발현이 감소되는 것을 보아 농도가 증가함에 따라 cell adhesion의 저해 효과가 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 신호전달의 기전규명은 western blot으로 행하였으며 CJL의 농도가 증가함에 따라 밴드의 발현이 약해지는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 따라서 신호전달 분자인 VEGFR-2, $\beta$-catenin, Pl3-K는 CJL에 의해 신호전달이 차단되는 것을 볼 수 있고, 이는 NF-${\kappa}$B를 억제함으로서 신생혈관 생성을 저해하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 동백잎은 신생혈관 생성에 의존하고 있는 것으로 알려진 암 등의 치료와 암전이의 억제, 류마치스성 관절염, 그리고 항비만제제로서 개발될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.410-415
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• 2004

Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoimprint lithography in which a stamp with patterns is pressed onto amorphous poly-(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) surface are performed to study the deformation of polymer. Force fields including bond, angle, torsion, inversion, van der Waals and electrostatic potential are used to describe the intermolecular and intramolecular force of PMMA molecules and stamp. Periodic boundary condition is used in horizontal direction and $Nos\acute{e}$-Hoover thermostat is used to control the system temperature. As the simulation results, the adhesion forces between stamp and polymer are calculated and the mechanism of deformation are investigated. The effects of the adhesion force and friction force on the polymer deformation are also studied to analyze the pattern transfer in nanoimprint lithography. The mechanism of polymer deformation is investigated by means of inspecting the indentation process, molecular configurational properties, and molecular configurational energies.