• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2008

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare disease that is characterized by multi-organ involvement of foamy histiocytes. It causes systemic inflammation, and also demonstrates various clinical manifestations and has a poor prognosis. We encountered a case of ECD in a patient that had been treated for underlying polycythemia vera. As far as we know, this is the first reported case worldwide where ECD developed in association with polycythemia vera. A 59-year-old man visited our hospital due to pleuric pain at the right side of the chest. Pleural tissue that was obtained following a thoracoscopic biopsy showed non-Langerhan's cell histiocytosis, suggesting the presence of ECD. The histiocytes stained positively for CD68, but were negative for S-100 and CD1a. The patient also complained of pain at both hips and the right shoulder area. An X-ray and magnetic resonance image demonstrated that the lesion showed sclerosis and osteolysis in both the proximal femur and right humerus. Treatment was started with predinisolone, and subsequently cyclophosphamide was added. ECD is a very rare multi-systemic disease, and its cause and therapeutic options have not yet been defined. ECD has a poor prognosis. Therefore, we believe that additional case studies are needed prior to the determination of a novel therapy for ECD.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 1985

Endobronchial tuberculosis is frequently associated with lymphadenopathy, bronchial stenosis, atelectasis which needs to be differentiated with other pulmonary disease. Authors are presenting 25 cases of endobronchial tuberculosis which were confirmed by bronchoscopic biopsy and AFB smear and/or culture. The study was done on patients who visited Yeungnam University Hospital from May 1983 to July 1985. The following results were obtained: 1. Of the 25 cases, 8 cases were male and 17 cases were female (male : female= 1 : 2). 32 percent of the cases was older than 60 years of age. 2. Abnormal findings on chest x-ray were seen on 22 cases of 25 cases (88%) and its most predilective site was right upper lobe.(24%). 3. Symptoms were coughing (56%), hemoptysis, hoarseness, chest pain, dyspnea and fever in orders. 4. The positive results were obtained in 73 percent of sputum AFB sme ar (11 cases of 15 cases), 60 percent of AFB culture (3 cases of 5 cases) and 58 percent of bronchoscopic biopsy (14 cases of 24 cases). 5. Complete pulmonary function test was done on 19 cases and showed normal result in 6 cases, restrictive pattern in 8 cases and small airway dysfunction in 5 cases. No case of obstructive airway disease was detected. 6. Associated disease were hypertension (2 cases), tuberculous meningitis (1 case), diabetes mellitus (1 case), and cataract (1 case). 7. The site of bronchoscopic lesion on bronchoscopic examination were as follows; 8. All 25 patients were treated with anti-tuberculosis theyapy and 6 patients were treated with additional steroid therapy because of severe respiratory symptom and showed dramatic improvement of symptom as well as lung function.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.495-514
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on removal of a root surface smear layer after root planing in comparison with Tetracycline HCl. The 60 extracted human teeth due to severe periodontal disease were vigorously scaled and root planed with Gracey curet. Thirty specimen($5{\times}5{\times}2mm$) were obtained from root planed surface of 30 human teeth and assigned randomly to one of three groups : root planed group(5 specimen), Tetracycline HCI group(5 specimen, burnished for 5 minutes), and Nd:YAG laser group(25 specimen, German Dental Laser, Fotona Twinlight). Nd:YAG laser group was divided into 4 subgroups according to power of 1W, 1.5W, 2W, 3W at frequency to 10Hz. The specimen were then fixed, and examed by Scanning electron microscopic study. 30 of 60 human teeth used to measurement of the intrapulpal temperature rise during laser irradiation. Laser-irradiated surface exhibited various surface texture from relative flat surface to irregular surface with patent dentinal tubules of various shape and size. In some area, the root surface alteration which are carbonization, pit and crater formation and melting and resolidification were observed. The number of exposed dentinal tubules per unit($100_{\mu}m^2$) on tetracycline HCI group was more than that in the laser group below 1.5W of power(150mJ/pulse) and was significantly less than that in laser group above 2W of power(200mJ/pulse)(P<0.OOl). As power increased the intrapulpal temperature rise also increased. The result suggested that the parameter which effectively remove root surface smear layer than tetracycline HCI may cause thermal damage to pulp and root surface alteration result from laser exposure would indicate need for additional instrumentation. Thus, Nd:YAG laser irradiation in these parameter may not be appropriate for clinical use as adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2013

Background: Patients diagnosed with cancer tend to have multiple risk factors for drug related problems such as old age, comorbid conditions, self-medication, additional medications for supportive therapy, and the cancer treatment itself. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate notable polypharmacy and related problems in oncology patients during hospitalization or following clinic visit. Method: The electronic medical records of patients who were discharged from oncology division at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) from June $1^{st}$ to June $30^{th}$, 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 334 discharged patients were included in this study. Among them, 221 patients had pre-admission medications. Forty percent of the patients, including 60.3% of elderly patients (over 65 years of age) were prescribed more than 5 kinds of medications. Twenty percent of the patients were prescribed to take medications more than 7 times a day. Medication duplications were observed in 2.4% of patients. In 10.5% of the reviewed patients, 47 cases of potential drug-drug interaction including 3 cases of contraindication and 17 cases of major clinical implication according to Micromedex were detected. Medication changes were made in 88% of patients during hospitalization and in 94.7% of patients at their first visit after discharge. Antidiarrheal agent (loperamide) was prescribed along with laxatives in 18.5% of the prescriptions and inadequate instructions on how to take it were observed in 63% of the prescriptions. Conclusion: This study identified the prevalence of polypharmacy and related problems in cancer patients, which presents the need for an active role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care in oncology wards.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2015

$^{64}Cu$-labeled diacetyl-bis($N^4$-methylthiosemicarbazone) is a promising agent for internal radiation therapy and imaging of hypoxic tissues. In the study, we confirmed hypoxia regions in VX2 tumor implanted rabbits with injection $^{64}Cu$-ATSM and $^{18}F$-FDG using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). PET images with $^{18}F$-FDG and $^{64}Cu$-ATSM were obtained for 40 min by dynamic scan and additional delayed PET images of $^{64}Cu$-ATSM the acquired up to 48 hours. Correlation between intratumoral $O_2$ level and $^{64}Cu$-ATSM PET image was analyzed. $^{64}Cu$-ATSM and $^{18}F$-FDG were intravenously co-injected and the tumor was dissected and cut into slices for a dual-tracer autoradiographic analysis. In the PET imaging, $^{64}Cu$-ATSM in VX2 tumors displayed a specific uptake in hypoxic region for48 h. The uptake pattern of $^{64}Cu$-ATSM in VX2 tumor at 24 and 48 h did not match to the $^{18}F$-FDG. Through ROI analysis, in the early phase (dynamic scan), $^{18}F$-FDG has positive correlation with $^{64}Cu$-ATSM but late phase (24 and 48 h) of the $^{64}Cu$-ATSM showed negative correlation with $^{18}F$-FDG. High uptake of $^{64}Cu$-ATSM in hypoxic region was responded with significant decrease of oxygen pressure, which confirmed by $^{64}Cu$-ATSM PET imaging and autoradiographic analysis. In conclusion, $^{64}Cu$-ATSM can utilize for specific targeting of hypoxic region in tumor, and discrimination between necrotic- and viable hypoxic tissue.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2010

Purpose : Glomerulonephropathy (GN) often manifests as proteinuria and progresses to chronic renal failure without specific therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been tried as a therapeutic agent in experimental GN, and previous studies showed that administration of MSC concomitantly to the insult inducing GN or via intra-renal administration ameliorated proteinuria. The purpose of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of MSC administered via intravenous route at the time of clinically evident proteinuria. Methods : MSCs were administered intravenously via tail vain into the mice with adriamycin (ADR) induced nephropathy (ADR-GN), two weeks after ADR injection when massive proteinuria was evident. To test the capacity of MSC modulate the cytokine production in the inflammatory milieu, the concentrations of IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-10 were measured in the supernatant of in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with or without additional MSC. Results : MSCs administered intravenously into the proteinuric mice with ADR-GN accelerated the recovery of this experimental GN with disappearance of proteinuria in two weeks when the saline treated (control) mice still showed significant proteinuria. The mice treated with MSC also had a tendency of better survival. Addition of MSC decreased IFN-$\gamma$ and increased IL-10 in the supernatant of MLC. Conclusion : This study showed that MSC had a therapeutic potential even when administered in a more clinically relevant setting into a proteinuric glomerulonephropathy model. Further study to verify the mechanism and long-term safety of this phenomenon is required.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.546-554
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension often occur together, amplifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and emphasizing the need for a multitargeted treatment approach. American ginseng (AG) and Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) species could improve glycemic control via complementary mechanisms. Additionally, a KRG-inherent component, ginsenoside Rg3, may moderate blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to investigate the therapeutic potential of coadministration of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Rg3-KRG) and AG, added to standard of care therapy, in the management of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetes. Methods: Within a randomized controlled, parallel design of 80 participants with type-2 diabetes (HbA1c: 6.5-8%) and hypertension (systolic BP: 140-160 mmHg or treated), supplementation with either 2.25 g/day of combined Rg3-KRG + AG or wheat-bran control was assessed over a 12-wk intervention period. The primary endpoint was ambulatory 24-h systolic BP. Additional endpoints included further hemodynamic assessment, glycemic control, plasma lipids and safety monitoring. Results: Combined ginseng intervention generated a mean ± SE decrease in primary endpoint of 24-h systolic BP (-3.98 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04). Additionally, there was a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.35 ± 0.1% [-3.8 ± 1.1 mmol/mol], p = 0.02), and change in blood lipids: total cholesterol (-0.50 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), non-HDL-C (-0.54 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), triglycerides (-0.40 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.02) and LDL-C (-0.35 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.06) at 12 wks, relative to control. No adverse safety outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Coadministration of Rg3-KRG + AG is an effective addon for improving BP along with attaining favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng derivatives may offer clinical utility when included in the polypharmacy and lifestyle treatment of diabetes. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01578837;

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.223-229
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of an exercise program that combined lumbar stabilization exercise and muscle strengthening exercise and an exercise program that applied only lumbar muscle strengthening exercise on multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, static posture control ability, and low back pain in patients with CLBP. For the study method, 28 patients with CLBP were divided into two exercise propram groups and exercised three times a week for 8-weeks. The data analysis of this study used the t-test to compare before and after group exercise program application, and between each group (p<.05). As a result of the study, significant results were found before and after application of the exercise program within each group, such as multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, static posture control ability, and low back pain (p<.05). Between each group, the exercise program that combined lumbar stabilization exercise and muscle strengthening exercise was found to be more effective (p<.05). In conclusion, it was found that the exercise program with additional lumbar stabilization exercise improved the structure and function of various lumbar vertebrae and reduced lumbar pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to study the effects of multisensory environment interventions, to provide information about clinical applications, and to aid South Korean research on the multisensory environment. Methods : PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were used to search for papers published from 2008 to 2018. The main search terms were "multisensory environment" and "snoezelen", a total of 10 foreign research articles were selected. And they were summarized according to Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO). Results : Among the 10 papers, 6 included participants with dementia. The other studies examined patients with intellectual disabilities, patients with schizophrenia, and pregnant women. The study periods ranged from 3 weeks to 10 months. Most of the interventions included 2 or 3 sessions per week. The duration of each intervention session was 30 to 60 minutes. The dependent variables were psychological factors (such as anxiety and depression), social factors (such as quality of life), and cognitive and physical domains. The multisensory environment used for the interventions in the studies consisted of visual, auditory, and tactile senses, as well as additional olfactory and taste sensations, and vestibular sensations. Conclusion : In the future, the research should be applied to various target groups, especially children, who are interested in multisensory environmental intervention in South Korea.

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.195-211
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• 2018

Background: To develop guidelines and recommendations to prevent and treat glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in Korea. Methods: The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean College of Rheumatology have developed this guideline based on Guidance for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines ver. 1.0 established by the National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. This guideline was developed by adapting previously published guidelines, and a systematic review and quality assessment were performed. Results: This guideline applies to adults aged ${\geq}19years$ who are using or plan to use GCs. It does not include children and adolescents. An initial assessment of fracture risk should be performed within 6 months of initial GC use. Fracture risk should be estimated using the fracture-risk assessment tool (FRAX) after adjustments for GC dose, history of osteoporotic fractures, and bone mineral density (BMD) results. All patients administered with prednisolone or an equivalent medication at a dose ${\geq}2.5mg/day$ for ${\geq}3months$ are recommended to use adequate calcium and vitamin D during treatment. Patients showing a moderate-to-high fracture risk should be treated with additional medication for osteoporosis. All patients continuing GC therapy should undergo annual BMD testing, vertebral X-ray, and fracture risk assessment using FRAX. When treatment failure is suspected, switching to another drug should be considered. Conclusions: This guideline is intended to guide clinicians in the prevention and treatment of GIOP.