• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.85-101
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to find out correlation of filtration rate of herbal-acupunctures and pain score of herbal acupuncture stimulation. Methods : Filtration rate of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney yang deficiency number two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture and Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture were measured at the korean institute of herbal acupuncture. And Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney yang deficiency number two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture and Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture were injected at Xie points of the subjects. Results : Ranking of herbal acupunctures filtration rates is the same as ranking of pain score and duration time of herbal acupuncture. Correlation analysis result of herbal acupunctures filtration rates and herbal acupuncture VAS with a simple linear regression analysis is that correlation coefficient of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney Yang Deficiency Number Two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture. Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture is 0.44, 0.53, 0.58, 0.76, 0.47 and 0.54. Correlation analysis result of herbal acupuncture's filtration rates and herbal acupuncture stimulation's duration time is that correlation coefficient of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney Yang Deficiency Number Two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture, Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture is -0.09, 0.11, -0.07, 0.28, -0.11 and -0.09. Conclusion : We found the correlation of filtration rate of herbal-acupunctures and pain score of herbal-acupuncture stimulation. This study help to control pain amount and pain duration time of herbal acupuncture treatment. And this study improve acupuncture theory of herbal acupuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.38-49
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• 2003

Objective: This study is aimed to compare the change of clinical comfort and improvement after auricular acupuncture theraphy and auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7) on insomnia in stroke patients. Methods : Clinical study was carried out on 40 stroke patients who was traeted insomnia by auricular acupuncture theraphy and auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7) at Kwang-Dong Oriental Medical Hospital. Results: 1. Total sleeping time was increased in auricular acupuncture theraphy and auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7). 2. Average delaying time before sleep and Average Awake Times was decreased in auricular acupuncture theraphy and auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7). 3. Quality of sleep was improved in auricular acupuncture theraphy and auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7). 4. Insomnia Score was increased in auricular acupuncture theraphy and auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7). Conclusions : According to the results, both auricular acupuncture theraphy and auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7) were effective on insomnia in stroke patient. but, auricular acupuncture theraphy was more effective than auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7) in total sleeping time and insomnia score.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.209-219
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to compare acupuncture sensation index among three different acupuncture devices. Methods : A, B and C acupuncture devices were inserted into Quchi(LI 11) of the subjects. After 5 minutes the subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation; hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation among the groups. Results : The acupuncture sensation index when administrated among three different acupuncture devices(A, B and C) was not significantly different. The acupuncture sensation of B acupuncture devices showed significant difference than A or C in Spreading, Dull, Numb item. But, the other items of acupuncture sensation were not significantly different among three acupuncture devices. Conclusions : We found that acupuncture sensation index when administrated among three different acupuncture devices. Further study is needed to know different acupuncture sensation among acupuncture devices.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.207-217
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• 2007

Objectives: We investigated the safty of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture on vital sign -BP, pulse, resperation-in adult man. Methods : We investigated on 106 healthy volunteers consisted of each 30 subjects in experiment (distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture) group and 30 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 30 subjects in each experiment group were injected distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture, Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong) and 30 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline at $GB_{21}$ (Kyonjong). except of 2 subjects(in control group) who can't be measured and 10 subjects(6 in experiment group and 4 in control group) who move or make unforceable error during measuring. Finally each 25. subject, subject, subject in experiment group and 24 subject in control group are studied. We measured resperation by PolyG-I and BP & pulse by electric manometer on 5 times : before injection per 5 minutes during and after injection per 10 minutes during 35 minutes. The SPSS 13.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the Student t test(between two groups) were used to verify the result. Results : 1. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture , systolic BP is not significantly change in all experiment time. 2. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture , diastolic BP is not significantly change in all experiment time. 3. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture , pulse is not significantly change in all experiment time. 4. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture , resperation is not significantly change in all experiment time. Conclusions : The results suggest that distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man don't influence vital sign within normal range. This result is derived from that distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture, Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture and Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man are safety.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.199-213
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• 1997

A comparative study of influence by area between acupuncture points on hand of original acupuncture system with those of hand acupuncture system was resulted as followes 1. The influence of acupuncture points on original acupuncture system was different from those on hand acupuncture system by meridian system even though on same area or point but was similar by meridian coordination even though on different area or point. 2. The influence of acupuncture points on hand acupuncture system was almost added by those of coordinated original acupuncture system point on those of hand acupuncture system point. 3. The influence of non coordinated hand acupuncture points with several original acupuncture points was according to those of up or down point on same meridian. 4. Tung;s acupuncture system had no corelationship with other two acupuncture systems, where it has no holistic system on original princeple and Extra-points had also no corelationship, where it has no meridian system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.127-144
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• 2006

Background and Purpose : Though there were many clinical studies of acupuncture effects they didn't have appropriate control group. So we didn't say it was true acupuncture effect, though subjects in clinical study improved. To investigate the possibility of sham acupuncture application, we examined how well subjects distinguished real acupuncture from sham acupuncture. Methods : We investigate the possibility of sham acupuncture application as the following 3 kinds of methods. 1. The public (n=60) and Oriental Medicine Doctors (n=20) looked at the appearance of acupuncture and then were treated with randomly allocated acupuncture and judged it as real or sham. 2. The public (n=60) and Oriental Medicine doctors (n=20) were treated with randomly allocated acupuncture, then they looked at the appearance of acupuncture and judged it as real or sham. 3. The public (n=60) were treated with randomly allocated acupuncture (right-real-left-sham), (right-sham-left-real), (left-real-right-sham), (left-sham-right-real), then they judged it as real or sham. Results : 1. When the public (n=60) looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 63.3%. After they were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 50.0%. 2. When Oriental Medicine doctors (n=20) looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 25.0%. After they were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 45.0%. 3. When the public (n=60) were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 50.0%. After they looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 63.3%. 4. When Oriental Medicine doctors (n=20) were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 65.5%. After they looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 65.0%. 5. After the public (n=60) were treated with randomly allocated sham or real acupuncture as (right-real-left-sham), (right-sham-left-real), (left-real-right-sham), or (left-sham-right-real). the correct judgement ratio was 66.7% in looking at the acupuncture appearance group, and in not looking at 60.0%. Conclusion : These results indicated that Kim Sham Acupuncture could apply to the double blind clinical study of acupuncture effect. And more continuous studies are needed on Sham Acupuncture apparatus.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

Objective : This study was performed to compare needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy with only needle acupuncture therapy in VAS and pain threshold. Methods : We used pressure algometer to evaluate the change of pain threshold before and after treatment. The numberical value of pressure algometer is obtained twice and averaged by identical acupuncturist. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to estimate the efficacy of needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy. Result : The following results were obtained; 1. The significant difference in VAS was showed before and after treatment in only needle acupuncture therapy. 2. The significant difference in pain threshold and VAS was showed before and after treatment in needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy. 3. In the pain threshold, the significant difference between only needle acupuncture and needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy was not showed. 4. Needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy showed the more effective change of VAS than only needle acupuncture therapy. Conclusions : In the pain control, needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy is more effective than only needle acupuncture therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2011

Objectives : Recent well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and their meta-analysis have been published on the efficacy of acupuncture in different condition. In most of them, real acupuncture is compared with sham acupuncture including invasive and non-invasive sham methods. But it is not clear how active sham methods are. These results tend to lead the conclusion that acupuncture has no more effective than sham acupuncture. In order to investigate that sham acupuncture is appropriate as a control, we reviewed several acupuncture trials using different sham acupuncture as a control. Methods : We searched Cochrane researches of acupuncture, reviewed and analyzed 25 RCTs in 42 Cochrane reviews. And especially we compared the effect of acupuncture according to the type of sham acupuncture. Results : Invasive sham acupunctures are used in 12 RCTs and non-invasive types are used in the rest. The majority of studies(19 RCTs) fail to show effects beyond a sham acupuncture. Streitberger's sham needle is a validated sham acupuncture of non-invasive type that was used in 8 trials and also no significant group differences are shown except one trial. Conclusions : Acupuncture is a complex intervention. Clinical trials of acupuncture need to be reexamined and redesigned to remove several bias. Especially, sham acupuncture as a control might be investigated for physiological effects as well as validation test including patient-blinding and de qi sensation. Other research need to be investigated and developed for acupuncture trials.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.11-29
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of acupuncture and electro-acupuncture at $LI_4$ on intestinal motility in rat. Methods : We made over-activated state of intestinal motility with carbachol and suppressed state of intestinal motility with loperamide in rat and carried out needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture at $LI_4$ or sham point in rat devided into pre-treatment group and post-treatment group. and we resulted as follow for measuring charcoal travel rate to observe intestinal motility. Results : 1. Any of needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture at $LI_4$ have no significant influences on intestinal motility of rat in normal state. 2. All of the pre-treatment and post-treatment of needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture didn't significantly decrease intestinal motility in rat which over-activated with carbachol. 3. Pre-treatment of needle retention acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture significantly increased intestinal motility in rat which suppressed with loperamide. 4. Post-treatment of needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture significantly increased intestinal motility in rat which suppressed with loperamide. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture on $LI_4$ have preventive effect and therapeutic effect on suppressed intestinal motility, and especially high frequency electro-acupuncture is more effective.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2020

Objectives: This study is to understand and develop Acupuncture treatment in Korean Medicine(韓醫學). Methods : Firstly, the definitions of Acupuncture Prescription(鍼 處方) and Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) were clarified. Secondly, the results from the researches of previously existing Acupuncture Prescriptions(鍼 處方) were analyzed. Results ＆ Conclusions : Acupuncture Prescription(鍼 處方) represents the results achieved from combining Acupuncture Points(腧穴) according to the symptoms of diseases. Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) denote methodologies for proposing Acupuncture Prescriptions(鍼 處方) which were accomplished by combining Acupuncture Points(腧穴) based on a specific theory. The existing methods of combining Acupuncture Points(腧穴) derived from the analysis of Acupuncture Prescription (鍼 處方) have a meaning in suggesting a direction for acupuncture treatments. However, deficiencies still exist to restore the absence of universality and objectivity in acupuncture treatment. Researches on Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) based on the principle are required accordingly. The concept of hierarchy exists in Acupuncture Prescription(鍼 處方) and it ranks Acupuncture Points(腧穴) as primary and secondary according to the indications of the Acupuncture Points(腧穴). Since there is the time difference in needling process, the concept of hierarchy is fulfilled through the needling procedure.