• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2015

The English Landscape garden and picturesque aesthetics, which was in fashion during the 18th to early 19th century in England, has been accused of making people see the actual garden in terms of a static landscape painting without a synesthetic engagement in nature. As new optic devices such as diorama, panorama, photography, and cinematography were invented, ways of seeing nature transitioned from a perspective vision to a panoramic, that is, modern one. This study intends to uncover signs of this kind of modern vision in the picturesque aesthetics and visual representation of landscape gardener Humphry Repton. German garden theorist Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld contended that the English landscape garden was a new style of designing landscape that followed the principle of the serpentine line, which produced movement in sightlines; thus, he considered garden art as a superior art form among all other genres. The signs of visual motion appear in Repton's sketches of "Red Books". Firstly, he designed systemic routes in his clients' properties by considering different types of movements between walks and drives. Secondly, he often used the visual effects of panoramic views for his sketches in order to allow his clients to experience the human visual field. Lastly, he constructed sequences of sketches in order to provide his clients with an illusion of movement; in other words, Repton's sketches functioned as potential visual media to produce the duration of time in a visual experience. Thus, the garden aesthetics of the time reflected the contemporary visual culture, that is to say, a panoramic vision pertaining to visual motion.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.477-482
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• 2011

Solar flares have the 11-year cycle and release a large energy which may produce coronal mass ejections (CME). The NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) predicted that the sun spot activity will be maximized in 2013-2014. A strong solar flare can cause the disturbance of global positioning system including various communication of TV, radio broadcasting. The actual solar storm in 1989 caused power outages in Canada during 9 hours and about 600 million people had experienced a blackout. Such a solar storm can shorten the GPS satellite's life span about 5 to 10 years which can resulted in economic loss considering the amount of multi-billion won. This paper analyzed the influence of recent X-class solar storm occurred on 15th of February about 10:45 this year that was reached Korea (Bohyun observatory) on 18th of February about 10:30 (01:30 - UTC), and compared with the data before and after a week. The proton data of 18th of February considered that the solar storm reached on earth showed a fluctuation compared to the data before and after a week. The positioning results at Daejeon and Seoul of Korea also showed higher positioning error compared to the data before and after a week results.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2010

By accessing the current status of FPD system use in the hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province as well as the entrance skin dose and the image quality evaluation realized by C-D Phantom, and the image assessment by the medical professionals regarding the radiography for the extremity, the following results were derived. 1. According to the evaluation made in the actual use of FPD system (12 machines), the grid ratio varied from 8:1 to 13:1, and 6 machines used the grid ratio with 12:1, realizing the largest number. Among the machines, there were 8 machines that allowed a removable grid while 3 machines did use a removable grid (25.0%). 2. When it came to the equipments used for the experiment, it showed that the amount of the entrance skin dose increased from 4.13 times up to 4.79 times with the grid use. 3. The difference in the entrance skin dose depending on the changes in the exposure condition(0.5times or 2.0times) was not significantly different regardless of the patients' thickness. 4. In terms of the image quality depending on C-D Phantom, the grid use was distinguished well. However, the images were well distinguishable as the exposure condition got increased. 5. In the clinical assessment, the grid use was less effective for the Hand PA, which was considered to shoot a thin body part. It was evaluated that the grid use was preferred for the Knee AP, which was shooting for a relatively thick body part. Nonetheless, 3 out of 5 people said that they would not use the grid if the entrance skin dose to reduced.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.436-448
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• 2000

Objectives : To identify the factors affecting users' satisfaction with the Order Communicating System(OCS) and to highlight the factors important for the successful establishment of OCS. Methods : A Users Satisfaction survey was sent to 4,513 people, consisting of 1,503 doctors, 2,379 nurses, 255 pharmacists and 370 administrative workers in 16 hospitals which had introduced OCS. The response rate was 63.9%. Measurement of users' satisfaction was peformed with the instrument which was used in Doll's study. Some aspects of Doll's instrument were adjusted according to the aims of this study. The classifying sections of this survey included age, job and status classification, computer experience, OCS education, duration of daily OCS use, type of order entering, number of personnel in the Hospital Information System's department, cost of OCS, problem frequency, proportion of work managed by hand, OCS type, and Hospital establishment type. Results : There was a positive correlation between satisfaction level and managerial status throughout all job classifications. Irrespective of the importance of OCS education as a factor relating to users' satisfaction, the additional work load caused by OCS lowered users' satisfaction. Different factors affected users' satisfaction according to job and status classification. The composition of factors affecting the pharmacist and administrative worker satisfaction levels was simpler than that of the doctor and nurse levels. There were no statistically significant differences between the actual computer experience duration of daily OCS use and users' satisfaction with OCS. Conclusions : There was an understandable relationship between users' attitude to OCS and factors affecting users' satisfaction. The results of this study could be used as a basis for the successful expansion of the operation of OCS. But more detailed studies on users' satisfaction and further improvements of methodologies are required for the successful establishment of OCS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

Old-growth and giant tree is a nonrenewable resource with great value. The purpose of this study is to provide scientific and reasonable evaluations for the preservation and management of the old-growth and giant tree. Until now the research of old-growth and giant tree's value evaluation and authoritative index is so insufficient and imperfection. Combining with the particularity of the old-growth and giant tree, this study analyzed the main value factors of the old-growth and giant tree and objectively selected the evaluation indicators. According to the actual situation value appraisal model of the old-growth and giant tree was builded. The main value factors can be divided into economic value, cultural history, growing place, tree state, tree form, tree vigor, protection level, growth environment, tree species, tree canopy, and so on. The evaluate indicators can be selected and the indicators' weight can be calculate using analytic hierarchy process methods(AHP). Based on economic value and indicators' weight, tree's total value can be revealed. After calculation and analysis, Gyeongju Gyerim Zelkova serrata's value evaluation results is 491,503,300 won. The research results of this study can provide scientific basis and reference to the old-growth and giant trees' value appraisal and loss compensation, and arouse people's environmental awareness.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.107-129
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• 2011

This article aims to observe the role of Arabic and analyze the future of Arabic in France under the base of the Al-Sabhan Rabina Baldhawe's article, published in mettre l'importance sur University Paris 8 in 2007. In the first part, we have focus into the historical analysis: in France, with a few Arabic and French policy has been settled for what were examined. Also enable the use of Arabic in France with regard to trends of Maghreb countries and other Arab countries, is being led by noted. In the second part, we put on the importance about the situation of Arabic in the France's educational institution. And we have analysed the reasons why Arabic became the most important reason for learning the target language: - in order to faciliate the children of immigrants living in Maghreb able to speak French - Due to differences in culture and language experience to relieve the psychological insecurity above sea - By using the Arabic language at home among family members, strengthen solidarity and resolve heterogeneity In the third part, we have recognized that the French education system was looked at in the Journal of Arabic teaching elementary, middle and high school courses, separated by a learning Arabic as the target language. Finally, we have tried to find a way to revitalize Arabic in France in connection with Sabhan Rabina Al-Baldhawe concrete example of the paper were based on a survey. France and the Arab countries' relationship has been long enough to prove the historic aspects and economic cooperation have maintained a relationship even tighter. Arabic, many of the French people also need education and children to learn Arabic in the French educational institution that has shown a positive stance. French students learning Arabic as a future career in choosing the width of the wider benefits it helps to have. Learning Arabic in the course need to be addressed is also true that a lot of points. But the Arabic and various aspects of internal organization is considered a minority in the popular Arabic language training in France has become more competitive in research and analysis to be active stance is required externally, such as the increase of trade agreements and economic systems side at the level of cultural exchange and international co-operation system, strengthening its position as the Arabic language in France.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.620-627
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• 2017

The importance of "Golden time", the early hours for saving lives in case of an accident, is being increasingly recognized day by day. Especially for marine accidents, it may take several hours for a rescue team to arrive, depending on location. Therefore, captains should always be prepared to handle situations independently. In this paper, in order to make better use of Golden Time in an emergency, we determined what the first consideration should be when selecting a ship evacuation route from perspective of the ship operator. To achieve this, we used maritime accident judgments and ship emergency response manual to identify ship evacuation priorities. AHP analysis (decision-making hierarchy analysis) was conducted for ship operators to determine consideration priorities. As a result, it was found that ship operator consider the safety of people about 6 times more important than that of the actual ship. In order to select an evacuation route, the location of coast guard ships, port of refuge, emergency anchorage, surrounding vessels, drifting and beaching factor are taken into consideration. By using these priority considerations, the decision-making processes of ship operators in emergency situations can be improved.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Objective: This study aims to assess the following issues - acquisition level in terms of the information on frequently used drugs of youth, access paths for the information, actual status of the use of drugs frequently used by youth, types of the used drugs, drug abuse among youth, and the consequent drawbacks. This study also takes aims at suggestion of correct role of pharmacists in consideration of drug abuse among youth. Methods: During the period from August 1, 2011 to October 31, 2012, a research design and a question development have been conducted. To the students of the schools that were randomly selected (elementary school's N=99, middle school's N=106, high school's N=115 and university's N=115), it was asked to complete given questionnaire from August 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012. During the period from September 1, 2012 to October 30, 2012, the questionnaires were collected back and the analysis and evaluation of them were carried out. Results: Drugs known to the respondents were a total of 115 different medicines and most of the drugs belonged to over-the-counter drugs. The most well known drug was pain reliever and the second most familiar drug was wound ointment. Most of the respondents found the drugs through direct use and advertisement. In everyday life, more than half of the respondents were using over-the-counter drugs as well as health supplements. The most commonly used drug was analgesic drug. It was showed that the respondents also frequently used the drugs for improving their grades and appearances. It was shown that among the cases of drug use, there were also the cases of misuse and abuse of drugs for the respondents or people around them. Reliability of pharmacists was shown to be high and many students were also satisfied with the pharmacists' guidance for medication. Conclusion: Currently many students are using different kinds of drug in daily life, and there is a possibility that the risk of misuse and abuse of drugs will be increased. Those age groups can easily engage in bad habit of drug use. Thus, promotion on accurate drug information has to be strengthened, and pharmacists are required to conduct correct guidance for drug user's medication in terms of use amount, usage, interactions among different drugs, and potential risks.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.147-153
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to establish strategic suggestions for the direction of the drone-related business by Gyeonggi-do through a survey on the operation and actual conditions of the drone geospatial information service business experienced by Gyeonggi-do civil servants. For this purpose, as a result of surveying the demand survey of 219 people in charge of drone field work, it was analyzed by dividing it into four categories: technology-based operation support, business discovery and support, legal and institutional support, and education and public relations. As an improvement measure, technology-based operation support is to secure service operation efficiency by establishing a dedicated manpower and a dedicated organization and securing drone-related experts.The plan for improvement of project discovery and support is as follows. 1) The government proactively discovers prior research projects for project discovery and support; 2) Legal and institutional support requires support services for simplification of administration such as drone geospatial data shooting schedules and permits, 3) legal and institutional review on improving the scope and restrictions for using drone geospatial data. In the field of education and publicity, it is necessary to operate an education program on the overall operation of drones, and to conduct seminars for each field and use, and to seek activation methods through practical application guidelines for the application process and system. The limitation of this study is that the survey subjects are related to Gyeonggi-do, and in the future, survey analysis through a wide range of participants is required.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.175-186
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• 2021

The roles and functions of domestic public libraries are diversifying, but various problems have emerged due to internally biased book lending. In addition, due to the 4th Industrial Revolution, public libraries have introduced a book recommendation system focusing on popular books, but the variety of books that users can access is limited. Therefore, in this study, the public library unborrowed book recommendation system was implemented limiting its spatial scope to Duryu Library in Daegu City to enhance the satisfaction of public library users, by using the loan records data (213,093 cases), user information (35,561 people), etc. and utilizing methods like cluster analysis, topic modeling, content-based filtering recommendation algorithm, and conducted a survey on actual users' satisfaction to present the possibility and implications of the unborrowed book recommendation system. As a result of the analysis, the majority of users responded with high satisfaction, and was able to find the satisfaction was relatively high in the class classified by specific gender, age, occupation, and usual reading. Through the results of this study, it is expected that some problems such as biased book lending and reduced operational efficiency of public libraries can be improved, and limitations of the study was also presented.