• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of unstable loads on core and lower limb muscle activity during squatting. Methods: Nineteen subjects (all females) with resistance experience but no unstable resistance experience participated in the study. Subjects performed squats under three load conditions, and core and lower limb muscle activity was measured during eccentric and concentric contractions. Results: During the eccentric contraction, core and hip flexor activity was significantly higher with the aqua bag than with the barbell or resistance band, and for the quadriceps, the resistance band was significantly higher than the barbell. During the concentric contraction phase, core and hamstring muscle activity was significantly higher with the aqua bag than with the barbell and elastic band (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Squats with an aqua bag increase core and biceps brachii activation and can be recommended as a training method to improve trunk stability.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2019

Objective : This study aimed to identify types of leisure time spending of the Korean elderly according to the data of Hours of Living 2014 from National Statistical Office, and compare and analyze features of leisure time spending based on general characteristics of the elderly. Method : This study has only adopted the data of 9228 elder people whose ages were above 65, and their general characteristics and time spending features form the data of Hours of Living 2014. The final comparison and analysis has been made through behavior classification (1 major classification, 7 medium classification, 39 minor classification), which reflects how the elderly spend their leisure time according to their household and personal characteristics. Result : Firstly, the Korean elderly were found to spend most of their leisure time with media. Secondly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on household characteristics of the elderly, their gender and household income showed significant differences in all types of leisure time activities except for cultural and sightseeing activity. And their marital status showed significant differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding leisure time activity with media and cultural and sightseeing activity. Thirdly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on personal characteristics of the elderly, their education level has made significant differences in all types of leisure time activities. As for their economic activity status and average monthly income, they showed meaningful differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding cultural and sightseeing activity and ritual activity. Conclusion : We should help to find meaningful occupation within personal contexts and arrange it properly with balanced leisure time spending. Moreover, it is highly important to have appropriate occupational approach to prevent social isolation of the Korean elderly, and ensure their fruitful and successful later life.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.1089-1111
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to research the effects of socio-demographic factors and values in each group on satisfaction with life by categorizing the activity types of the elderly into volunteer work and economic activities. The subjects of this study were 60 years an old higher. The questionnaires were categorized depending on activity types and collected. The voluntary work group consisted of 201 people (76 males, 36.8% and 125 females, 62.2%), The economic activity group consisted of 219 people (127 males, 58.0% and 92 females, 42.0%). The SPSS 14.0 Windows program was used to analyze data. Frequency, average, standard deviation, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, One-Way ANOVA analysis, and hierarchical multiple linear regression were analyzed. The major findings of this study indicate that the elderly in the voluntary work group have a high collectivism value, higher income earned by performing economic activities, and good cognitive health affected by a high satisfaction with life. From these research results, it was proved that a collectivism value is a common factor that affects satisfaction with life in both of the economic activity group. Those who were older had a traditional collectivism value. The voluntary work group showed a stronger collectivism value and higher satisfaction with life than the economic activity group. Thus, the diverse types of voluntary work should be developed and a systematic system should be established as methods for improving quality of life and satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to contribute to planning and developing various new apartment unit plans of the future through examining the differences on the spatial behavioral patterns and the post-occupancy evaluation between DK-front type and DK-rear type. 245 households which were included 79 DK-front types and 166 DK-rear types, were collected and analyzed at Masan and Gimhae cities in Kyungnam area. The result is as follows: 1) The analysis of the spatial behavioral patterns revealed that Anbang was the room for the couple independent from guests and children. Living room was the family's room for every activity, used more frequently DK-front types than DK-rear types. The family lift cycles of households, the visual unification between Living room and DK, the closed figures of DK in DK-front types have been influenced for the activities of Living room. 2) In the post-occupancy evaluation, DK-front types were positive in the lighting of DK area and its connection with Living room, while negative in the proximity from entrance to DK, cooking convenience, and the proximity between rooms. It was explained clearly through the reasons of the rejection of DK-front types from now.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.274-285
• /
• 2015

In view of the environmental and health hazards posed by synthetic insecticides, the use of plant products as botanical insecticides has gained increasing in recent years. In this study, we reported the insecticidal activity of extracts isolated from Coptis chinensis. On crude extraction, among the various solvent types tested (water, 1% (w/v) of sodium hydroxide, 70% ethanol), the 70% ethanol extract showed the best insecticidal activity (36.5%). Three different fractions (n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) were obtained from crude extract (70% ethanol) of the chloroform fraction and found to have noteworthy insecticidal activity (62.9%) by filter paper contact bioassay. Their chemical structures were identified as 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and aniline by head space-GC-MS analysis. Both compounds displayed a dose-dependent insecticidal activity of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Insecticidal activity at the lowest concentration tested (500 ppm) approached 85.4% in the aniline compared with 79.9% in the 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol. The insecticidal activity was greater for the aniline than 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol. It is believed that the insecticidal activity is due mainly to the presence of aniline.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2018

This study examines female consumers' purchasing behavior of outdoor wear based on their leisure activities and life style using the questionnaire method. SPSSWIN was used for data analysis. The results are as follows: first, there is a significant difference in demographic characteristics of outdoor wear consumers depending on life style types. Second, outdoor wear purchasing behavior by lifestyle types showed no significant correlation between lifestyle types and the extent of interest in outdoor wear. Consumers valuing private leisure time are more engaged in searching for commercial information compared to other groups and a significant difference was seen in the standard for selecting products, functional materials, colors, and comfort depending on life style type. Third, there is no significant difference in demographic characteristics of outdoor wear consumers based on the extent of leisure activity. Fourth, there was significant correlation between the extent of leisure activity and interest in outdoor clothes. Therefore, this study shows that the life style of female consumers and the extent of leisure activity are significantly related to purchasing behavior. Hence this study can be effectively used by the outdoor wear industry to analyze characteristics of female consumers and plan and establish a suitable marketing strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2004

In this study, 1 dependent variable and 9 independent variables were established to examine suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks in consideration of night users' psychological reactions and activity types. Such fixed variables were evaluated by a series of experiments of changing illuminance, and correlation among those variables was verified by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to suggest suitable illuminance by spaces. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The independent variables influencing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks were directly influenced rather by the psychological reaction of night users than the activity types by spatial functions. 2) Securing suitable illuminance by spaces commonly increased spatial availability, created certain atmosphere, and provided safety in the psychological reaction of night users. 3) Suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks is: Central square is 31.88lx, resting space 6.30lx, exercising space 33.14lx, children's playground 14.19lx, pedestrian road 12.29lx, entry space 16.30lx, and green space 7.03lx. That is, when a place had more positive activities, spatial illuminance was increased. 4) Though comparison by spaces with the illuminance standard for urban parks as mentioned in KS A 3011-1993 can not be made, such illuminance was relatively compatible with the permissible range of illuminance in the author's opinion. It is expected that this study investigating suitable illuminance by spaces for night use in urban parks, will provide necessary knowledge for securing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks through classifyingin detail the illuminance standard of KS A 3011-1993. Besides, by helping make us aware of the importance of illuminance in urban parks as well as of external space in the night, this study will contribute to academic research and development in the field of landscape architecture and associated fields and be utilized in establishing legal and institutional standards.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.1057-1061
• /
• 2008

For the purpose of investigating the reasonable logics contained in physiognomy of east and old western medicine. hypothetical researches based on hydromechanics theory were performed concerning facial types of form and pathologic features, especially 4 types of Dr. Jisan-Essence, Qi energy. Emotional Activity and Blood(EQAB). In order to infer the functional relation between facial type forming and EQAB factors, EQAB were supposed as fluid grounded on their continual flowing or periodical change and pressure effect from its congestion. and a premise that there's a linear corresponding relationship between the appearance of organ and its physical conditions of its inner vessels is formed too. Through this work, the unit fluid model(UFM) of Essence can be assumed as circle shape formed by the high viscosity and surface tension, the UFM model of Qi energy as quadrangular shape by the scattering features to outer four directions, and the UFM of emotional activity as inverted triangular shape by the flippant and uprising features, and the UFM of blood as ellipsoid triangle by the heavy and descending features in spite of circulation. The shapes made from each UFM are reproduced in the process of human development and manifest respective facial shape through the self-reproduction method like fractal theory in the last. Conclusively. it is said that the facial form analysis method like EQAB type theory can be the useful methodology to understand the human pathological and physiological features in view of hydromechanics.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2022

Background Abdominal obesity, a major public health concern, is related to many health problems. In addition, it is influenced by individual characteristics. We investigated sleep quality and physical activity (PA) as risk factors for abdominal obesity, according to the Sasang constitutional medicine. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 5,221 community-based participants. Sleep quality and PA were measured using structured questionnaires, and abdominal obesity was classified according to waist circumference. Sasang constitution (SC) was classified as Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), or Soyangin (SY) type, using an established SC questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to access the association of sleep quality and PA with abdominal obesity in individuals stratified according to the SC types. Results The percentage of poor sleep quality and inactive PA was the highest in the SE type, and the higher prevalence of abdominal obesity was found in the TE type. After adjusting for variables, inactive PA was associated with abdominal obesity in the TE type (OR=1.694, 95% CI=1.42-2.021), and in the SE type, abdominal obesity was associated with poor sleep quality (OR=1.688, 95% CI=1.091-2.611) and low PA (OR=2.127, 95% CI=1.163-3.89). Moreover, the combination of these two factors were also significantly associated with abdominal obesity in the TE and SE types. Conclusion Abdominal obesity was associated with sleep quality and PA, and these results were different in each SC type. Taking various associated lifestyles and individual characteristics in consideration may contribute to better management of abdominal obesity in clinical practice.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.231-241
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Weakness of the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO), or the imbalance between VMO and vastus lateralis muscle (VL) activity, is one of the most important factors in knee joint problems. Rigid taping techniques, such as patellar inhibition taping and VL inhibition taping, are frequently used in clinical practice to treat knee joint problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of three different types of taping (patellar inhibition taping (PIT), distal VL inhibition taping (DVLIT), and proximal VL inhibition taping (PVLIT)) on electromyography (EMG) activity of VMO, VL, and VMO:VL ratio during walking. Methods: Thirty-eight normal healthy subjects (38 males; mean age = 31.00 years) voluntarily participated in this study. EMG was applied to investigate muscle activation during walking. Repeated measures of ANOVA and one-way ANOVA compared the three different conditions (PIT, DVLIT, and PVLIT) for each variable. Results: VMO and VL activation were significantly increased after PTIT application, and VMO and VL activation were significantly decreased after DVLIT and PVLIT application. The VMO:VL ratio increased after the three types of taping application, but there were no significant differences among the three types of taping. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PTIT is more effective than DVLIT and PVLIT in increasing the muscle activation of the VMO and VL during walking. Also, DVLIT is more effective for increasing the VMO:VL ratio and has beneficial effects on the imbalance between VMO and VL activity.