• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.81-108
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• 2008

Since the declaration made by UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on EEZs, The open seas of Northeast Asia, considerd as a convention area, needed new agreements in conformity with the changes brought by the introduction of the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) system. The Contracting Parties of these agreements set up their own EEZs, which extend certain ranges from their baselines, Fishing in the other party's EEZ is done based on mutual agreements, which take into account traditional fishing activity in the zones. Seperate fishries management systems, in accordance with the relevant legal status of the waters, are applied to individual overlapping areas: Middle Zone in the Bast Sea and the waters south of jeju Island, Interim Measure Zone in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the Transitional Zone in the Yellow Sea. They decided to conclude fisheries agreements as the provisional agreement under Article 74(3) of the UN Convention before the delimitations of the EEZs to avoid the territorial disputes. China and Japan concluded the Fishries Agreement in the November 1997, allowing each coastal State 52 mile EEZ. it was followed by Korea and Japan in September 1998, reaching a final compromise. And also Korea and China came to a satisfactary settlement in November 1998. Fisheries agreements have been established between the three North-east Asian States, the agreement are all bilateral. That implies inefficient resource management on the overlapping waters of the three states, especially on the East China Sea. The Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement and the China-Japan Fishery Agreement worked as governing rules in the North-east Asian seas before the establishment of EEZs (Exclusive Economic Zones). However the conclusion of the bilateral fishery agreements, Korea China and Japan have developed EEZs, and these three countries have competed for the exploitation of fisheries resources. Therefore, the issue of fisheries resource management was no longer a single countries' problem and emerged as a common issue facing these three countries. In recognition of the above-mentioned problem, it is needed for the construction of cooperative System fishery management in the North-east Asian seas. Therefore, cooperative measures should be establishied. The final goal of the construction of fisheries management cooperative system is to establish sustainable fisheries in the North-east Asian seas. However, there is a big difference in fisheries management tools, fishing gear, exploitation rate of species, etc. This implies that a careful approach should be taken in order to achieve the cooperative fisheries management among Korea, China and Japan. conclusionly, the Governments of Korea, China and Japan should complement three bilateral agreemens, and which they prepares to 'Fisheries Resource Restore Program' Between Korea, China and Japan in the adjacent waters south of Jeju Island.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare voice characteristics and voice-related quality of life (K-VRQOL) of the elderly female choir members using perceptual-auditory voice quality evaluation (GRBAS) and K-VRQOL scales. The participants were 77 women over 60 years old who were actively engaged in the choir in either Seoul or Busan. There are two kinds of choirs that indicate different engagement levels: regular choir and church choir. The perceptual-auditory vocal quality evaluation was listened to by / a / vowels and were graded by experts using the GRBAS scale. As a result, when comparing the differences between groups, the elderly female participants of the regular choir showed higher satisfaction in speech using the subjective speech recognition level than the elderly female members who performed in the church choir. In addition, the analysis showed that the satisfaction level was high in the physical function area of the K-VRQOL scale. This study confirmed that choral activities could yield positive results not only in terms of improving voice function in old age, but also to improve the subjective perception level of voice use, thus suggesting the necessity of systematic music programs to improve voices that are aging.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.538-547
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• 2016

With respect to the factors affecting information security awareness and behavior, the study of the relevance of the concept of optimistic bias is actively used in psychology. In other words, this study examines whether the optimistic bias of individuals affects information security in the field. In this sense, this study attempted to demonstrate the relevance of optimistic bias in information security behavior and awareness. A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 111 people engaged in domestic private enterprises. The survey results showed that this personalized optimistic bias exists because of empirical factors related to personal security. Optimistic bias affects the security awareness information. The greater the optimistic bias, the lower the awareness and recognition of information security. In other words, optimistic bias affects information security awareness. Reducing the effects of optimistic bias is expected to reduce information security incidents, such as information leakages. However, the variety of information related ethical activities of a company did not have any effect on the information security awareness. Most previous studies have only examined the effect optimistic bias in the field of health. Therefore, this study fills an important gap in research in IT.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.297-311
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• 2017

Saprolegniasis is one of the most devastating oomycete diseases in freshwater fish which is caused by species in the genus Saprolegnia including Saprolegnia parasitica. In this study, we isolated the strain of S. parasitica from diseased rainbow trout in Korea. Morphological and molecular based identification confirmed that isolated oomycete belongs to the member of S. parasitica, supported by its typical features including cotton-like mycelium, zoospores and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer region. Pathogenicity of isolated S. parasitica was developed in embryo, juvenile, and adult zebrafish as a disease model. Host-pathogen interaction in adult zebrafish was investigated at transcriptional level. Upon infection with S. parasitica, pathogen/antigen recognition and signaling (TLR2, TLR4b, TLR5b, NOD1, and major histocompatibility complex class I), pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8, interferon ${\gamma}$, IL-12, and IL-10), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9 and MMP13), cell surface molecules ($CD8^+$ and $CD4^+$) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) related genes were differentially modulated at 3- and 12-hr post infection. As an anti-Saprolegnia agent, plant based lawsone was applied to investigate on the susceptibility of S. parasitica showing the minimum inhibitory concentration and percentage inhibition of radial growth as $200{\mu}g/mL$ and 31.8%, respectively. Moreover, natural lawsone changed the membrane permeability of S. parasitica mycelium and caused irreversible damage and disintegration to the cellular membranes of S. parasitica. Transcriptional responses of the genes of S. parasitica mycelium exposed to lawsone were altered, indicating that lawsone could be a potential anti-S. parasitica agent for controlling S. parasitica infection.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is a random-controlled post-design for confirmation of headache degree, quality of life, and satisfaction to therapeutical effect on chronic headache adults after management of non-medicinal treatment (acupuncture therapy and stellate ganglion block therapy). Methods : 51 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questioutaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as chronic headache patients. The qualified patients were classified in to two groups, acupuncture group (AT group, n=28) and stellate ganglion block group (SGB group, n=23). Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 4 weeks. The effects of both groups were analyzed using VAS scores, BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) and the satisfaction degree to the therapy. Results : 1. The recognized score of the headache of AT group and SGB group was reduced indicating the degree of the headache was released. 2. The recognition at damage to the quality of life was reduced post therapy of AT group and SGB group, in which general activity, mood, enjoyment of life, personal relationship, and sleeping showed significant improvement of life quality, 3. The satisfaction degree to the therapy showed lower score than expectation to it in AT group and SGB group, however, it was not significant. Conclusions : The results showed that the four-week non-medicinal treatment (AT and SGB) in chronic headache patients was effective for reducing headache and releasing its damage in daily life, however, no difference in superiority was found. Therefore, non-medicinal treatment (AT therapy and SGB) could be utilized in chronic headache patients.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1003-1017
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze on the differences in perceptions of teachers and students for teaching and learning of the gifted in the elementary invention. The results are as follows. First, the result appears that although the majority of teachers & students are spontaneously joining in that learning course due to lots of interest, the response rate for how to come in that learning course has been higher in the case of a male teacher being obligatory and female students being recommend by their teacher or parents. Second, the teachers who take disjunction of teaching and learning think that they are dealing with the basic knowledge or necessity of the invention and the content of a class for how to create a clever idea. However, it has analysed that phenomenon of estrangement for teaching & learning occur because students meaningfully recognize that learning arise less than the recognition from teaching teacher statistically. Third, it has analysed that the intention of teaching from teachers such as, evaluation, debate, and presentation is not well reflected in student's learning. Finally, it has shown that the class satisfaction from students and teachers is generally higher. Hence, in order to minimize the phenomenon of estrangement, it needs to understand the interaction between teaching and learning. Moreover a variety of teaching methods should be studied to facilitate learning and systematically manage a invention of the gifted education efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 2021

Lexicon is closely related to human thinking. In particular, a classroom lexicon results from objectifying the teaching-learning activity in classrooms, allowing humans to recognize and explore the activities and phenomena in classrooms explicitly. Therefore, using the lexicon and clarifying what the words mean is to enhance the understanding of teaching activities. The International Classroom Lexicon Project investigates and identifies each country's mathematics classroom lexicon, where ten countries participated. The purpose of this current study is to compare the differences in perceptions between teachers and pre-service teachers about the Korean classroom lexicon previously investigated as a part of the international collaborative project. By comparing the responses of 147 teachers and 127 pre-service teachers, the degree of familiarity with pedagogical terms and the frequency of occurrence or usage in classrooms were compared and analyzed to understand the recognition of pre-service teachers' pedagogical terms. Finally, we also discuss reflections on Korean mathematics teaching practices in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 2021

In this study, mathematical analysis is conducted by focusing to the 'size' of the 'point' and the 'line'. The textbook descriptions of the 'point' and the 'line' in the geometry content area of middle school mathematics 1 by the 2015 revised Korean mathematics curriculum and US geometry textbooks were compared and analyzed between. First, as a result of mathematical analysis of' 'the size of a point and a segment', it was found that the mathematical perspectives could be different according to 1) the size of a point is based on the recognition and exclusion of 'infinitesimal', and 2) the size of the segment is based on the 'measure theory' and 'set theory'. Second, as a result of analyzing textbook descriptions of the 'point' and the 'line', 1) in the geometry content area of middle school mathematics 1 by the 2015 revised Korean mathematics curriculum, after presenting a learning activity that draws a point with 'physical size' or line, it was developed in a way that describes the 'relationship' between points and lines, but 2) most of the US geometry textbooks introduce points and lines as 'undefined terms' and explicitly states that 'points have no size' and 'lines have no thickness'. Since the description of points and lines in the geometry content area of middle school mathematics 1 by the 2015 revised Korean mathematics curriculum may potentially generate mathematical intuitions that do not correspond to the perspective of Euclid geometry, this study suggest that attention is needed in the learning process about points and lines.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2022

Compared to sensors mainly used in human activity recognition (HAR) systems, inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors are small and light, so can achieve lightweight system at low cost. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a binary neural network (BNN) based gait pattern analysis system using IMU sensor, and present the design and implementation results of an FPGA-based accelerator for computational acceleration. Six signals for gait are measured through IMU sensor, and a spectrogram is extracted using a short-time Fourier transform. In order to have a lightweight system with high accuracy, a BNN-based structure was used for gait pattern classification. It is designed as a hardware accelerator structure using FPGA for computation acceleration of binary neural network. The proposed gait pattern analysis system was implemented using 24,158 logics, 14,669 registers, and 13.687 KB of block memory, and it was confirmed that the operation was completed within 1.5 ms at the maximum operating frequency of 62.35 MHz and real-time operation was possible.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.167-174
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare the perception of forest activities effects and academic stress of 3^rd and 4^th year nursing students. The data collection period is from April 15 to May 10, 2021, and the subjects of this study are nursing students, 179 third-graders students and 121 fourth-graders, totaling 300 students. Using the SPSS (ver.25) program, the collected data were analyzed as t-test for differences in forest activity effect recognition and academic stress, including the general characteristics of the subjects, and the correlation between each variable was confirmed. As a result of the study, the degree of perception of the forest activities effects was 3.89 points (out of 5 points) and the degree of academic stress was 3.41 points (out of 6 points). Comparison results by grade level, the current health status was positively perceived by the 3rd grade students, the perception of forest activities effects was higher in the 4th grade students, and the academic stress was higher in the 4th grade students. Perception of forest activities effects, grade, current health status, and appropriateness of forestry activities showed a positive correlation and an inverse correlation with academic stress. It may be concluded it will be necessary to develop practical programs that can practice forest activities to improve health and reduce academic stress.