• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2014

In applications of adaptive noise control or active noise control, the presence of a transfer function in the secondary path following the adaptive controller and the error path, been shown to generally degrade the performance of the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. Thus, the convergence rate is lowered, the residual power is increased, and the algorithm can become unstable. In general, in order to solve these problems, the filtered-x LMS (FX-LMS) type algorithms can be used. But these algorithms have slow convergence speed and weakness in the environment that the secondary path and error path are varied. Therefore, I present the new algorithm called the "Bi-directional Filtered-x (BFX) LMS" algorithm with nearly equal computation complexity. Through experimental study, the proposed BFX-LMS algorithm has better convergence speed and better performance than the conventional FX-LMS algorithm, especially when the secondary path or error path is varied and the impulsive disturbance is flow in.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

We searched for X-ray emission from the 665 galaxies inside and towards the nearby voids by analyzing the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) data as well as the ROSAT pointed observations (PSPC). As a result we have detected six X-ray emitting galaxies. Two (UGC 10205 and NGC 7509) are in the high density region in the local void, three (UGC 749, MCG +11-10-073, and Mrk 464) are towards the nearby voids, and UGC 32 is located in the low density region. We carried out a timing analysis for both Mrk 464 and UGC 32, and a spectral analysis for Mrk 464. The light curve of Mrk 464 shows the possibility of periodic X-ray flux variation and UGC 32 shows weak, but rapid variation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 1991

Electrochemical behaviors of optically active sparteine-Cu(II) dihalide complexes were investigated by polarography and cyclic voltammetry (CV). These Cu(II) complexes are rather easier to be reduced to Cu(I) states when comparison is made with other nonplaner copper complexes, We have assigned the CV peaks and polarographic waves related to the redox processes for these complexes. We could also observe the exchange reaction of Cu(II) ion in the complex with mercury metal in the cell having mercury pool. The redox mechanism of these complelxes is as follows; The 1st wave appeared at +0.47 V/+0.65 V corresponds to the reaction of $SpCuX_2+ e{\rightleftarrow}SpCuX_{2^-}$ and the 2nd one at +0.26 V/+0.21 V does the reaction of $SpCuX_{2 ^-} +e{\rightleftarrow}SpCuX_2^{2-}$. The 3rd one at -0.35 V/-0.27 V is dueto the reduction of mercury complex formed via exchange reaction. Where, X is chloride ion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.943-946
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• 2007

In-plane piezoelectric charge constant of Electro-Active paper (EAPap) was investigated based on direct and converse piezoelectric effects. EAPap samples were made with cellulose film with very thin gold electrode coated on both sides of the film. To characterize direct piezoelectricity of EAPap, induced charge was measured when mechanical stress was applied to EAPap. In-plane piezoelectric charge constant was extracted from the relation between induced charge and applied in-plane normal stress. To investigate converse piezoelectricity, induced in-plane strain was measured when electric field was applied to EAPap. Piezoelectric charge constant was also extracted from the relation of induced in-plane strain and applied electric field. Piezoelectric charge constants obtained from direct and converse piezoelectricity are 31 pC/N and 178 x 10-12m/V for 45 degree sample, respectively. Measured piezoelectric charge constants of EAPap provide promising potential as a piezoelectric material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.753-756
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• 2001

This research made a study of MnO$_2$electrode for supercapacitor with a diffuser (Polyvinyl alcohol). Manganese dioxide was used as active material. We tried to increase specific surface area by adding PVA. Manganese dioxide was synthesized by a sol-gel method using fumaric acid and oxalic acid in low temperature with high yield. Therefore, We prepared Manganese dioxide powder. This powder was used by active materials. The electrode was made by a mixture of active material, ketjen-black which is a large specific surface area, and PVdF-co-HFP as binder agent with using Nickel mesh as current collector. Here we reported on the synthesis and electrochemical performance of a enhanced material. All active materials have been submitted to X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.499-507
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• 2003

This paper presents a method for active noise control (ANC) in a duct by using a ring-tyPe smart foam. The ring-type smart foam consists of an elastic porous material of lining shape and a PVDF film embedded In the material. The PVDF element acts as a secondary sound source to reduce the noise. Active noise control using a ring-type smart foam is only effective locally because of the way to excite radially. To enlarge the quiet zone, the duct Is lined with additional acoustic foam between the smart foam and the error microphone. When cancellation path ks optimized by the LMS/RLS algorithm, the computation power is reduced while control performance Is maintained. The filtered-x LMS algorithm is used to minimize the error signal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.274-279
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• 2000

Driving of the engine makes unbalance forces which induces vibration to the engine mount system. Active vibration control must be performed to reduce the vibration and the propagation of structure-born sound. In this study, the engine system is modeled as 3-dim. vibration system including flexible structures and an effective active noise control method is proposed. Also, appropriate actuator and sensor locations and types are selected. The miniature of the engine vibration system with multi-input multi-output is built and an active vibration control with multiple filtered-X LMS algorithm is applied to it. The applied control method was effective to reduce the transmitted vibration power through the rubber mount It showed the feasibility of the control of the engine vibration systems with flexible structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.283-287
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• 1996

The exhaust noise reduction of automobile with the active muffler is experimentally investigated. The control algorithm is the filtered-x LMS algorithm and the inverse algorithm with the adaptive line enhancer. Also, the control efficiency is increased with synthesized second harmonic engine frequency. In the experiment, the active muffler is applied to the end of exhaust system in automobile and the control with on-line secondary path modeling method(inverse algorithm) is compared the control of off-line secondary path modeling method. As secondary path transfer functions are changed, the experimental results show that the control performance with on-line method is more efficient than that with off-line method in the exhaust noise reduction of automobile.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate corrosion characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys with Ta contents. Ti-xTa alloys used as samples (x=30, 40%) were arc-melted under argon atmosphere of 99.9% purity. Ti-xTa alloys were homogenized for 12hr at $1000^{\circ}C$ and then water quenched. The surface characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys were investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The anodic corrosion behaviors of the specimens were examined through potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic test in 0.9 % NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. After corrosion test, the surface characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys were investigated using OM. The microstructure of Ti-Ta alloy showed the beta structure with Ta content. The corrosion resistance of Ti alloy was improved by increasing Ta content and the corrosion morphology of Ti-Ta alloy showed that the site attacked by chloride ion decreased from the active to passive region with Ta content. Potential of Ti-40Ta alloy increased as time increased, whereas, current density of Ti-40Ta alloy decreased as time increased compared to Ti-30 alloy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2014

A control oriented model of the Lean $NO_x$ trap (LNT) was developed to determine the timing of $NO_x$ regeneration. The LNT model consists of $NO_x$ storage and reduction model. Once $NO_x$ is stored ($NO_x$ storage model), at the right timing $NO_x$ should be released and then reduced ($NO_x$ reduction model) with reductants on the catalyst active sites, called regeneration. The $NO_x$ storage model simulates the degree of stored $NO_x$ in the LNT. It is structured by an instantaneous $NO_x$ storage efficiency and the $NO_x$ storage capacity model. The $NO_x$ storge capacity model was modeled to have a Gaussian distribution with a function of exhaust gas temperature. $NO_x$ release and reduction reactions for the $NO_x$ reduction model were modeled as Arrhenius equations. The parameter identification was optimally performed by the data of the bench flow reactor test results at space velocity 50,000/hr, 80,000/hr, and temperature of $250-500^{\circ}C$. The LNT model state, storage fraction indicates the degree of stored $NO_x$ in the LNT and thus, the timing of the regeneration can be determined based on it. For practical purpose, this model will be verified more completely by engine test data which simulate the NEDC transient mode.